© 2018 IJSRSET | Volume 4 | Issue 8 | Print ISSN: 2395-1990 | Online ISSN : 2394-4099

Themed Section : Engineering and Technology

Comparison of experimental strength of R. C. Deep beams

Design by Various Country Codes with Respect to Deep Beam
with different Percentage of Web Steel
Dr. S. S. Patil1, O. R. Baghban2
1Professor, Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
2 Research Scholar, ME(Structure) Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT

This paper describe design of deep beams subjected to two equal point load with constant L/D ratio using code
provisions of INDIAN STANDERD CODE (I.S.-456-2000), NEWZEALAND (NDS-3101-
2006),CANADIAN(CSA-A23.3-2004.),CIRIA GUIDE-2(1977) and APPENDIX-A of ACI -318 {STRUT and TIE
METHOD) for design purpose.Strength of these beams is compared with the deep beam designed using
0.15%,0.20% and 0.25% web steel. It is observed that the deep beam with 0.25% web steel is stronger with
respect to all beams.
Keywords : Deep Beam, Web reinforcement,Strength, Code provisions, Design

I. INTRODUCTION Continuous spans: l0 / h < 2.5 The CIRIA Guide

As per IS-456 (2000) Clause 29, a simply supported
beam is classified as deep when the ratio of its
effective span L to overall depth D is less than 2.
Continuous beams are considered as deep when the
ratio L/D is less than 2.5. The effective span is defined
as the center-to-center distance between the supports
or 1.15 times the clear span whichever is less.
applies to beams having an effective span/ depth ratio
(l/h) of less than 2 for single-span beams and less than
2.5 for continuous beams. As per APPENDIX-A of
ACI-318 (Strut and tie Method) code provisions the
deep beam is defined as the ratio of effective span to
depth is less than or equal to four.
II. METHODS AND MATERIAL

As per New Zealand Code, Deep Beams are members
loaded on one face & supported on the opposite face,
so that compression struts can develop between the
loads & supports,& have either; clear span , Ln equal
to or less than 3.6 times the effective depth for simply
supported or continuous beams ,clear span equal or
less than 1.6 times the effective depth for cantilever
beams. The Canadian code (CSA-A23.3-2004.) defines
deep beam as a beam in which the ratio of the clear
span (l0) to the overall depth (h) is less than the limits
given below. For Simple spans : l0 / h < 1.25, For
BEHAVIOR OF DEEP BEAMS:
The behavior of deep beams is significantly different
from that of beams of more normal proportions,
requiring special consideration in analysis, design and
detailing of reinforcement. Because of their
proportions, they are likely to have strength
controlled by shear. On the other hand, their strength
is likely to be significantly greater than predicated by
usual equations. Special design methods account for
these differences. Stresses in deep beams can be

IJSRSET184857 | Received : 05 May 2018 | Accepted : 17 May 2018 | May-June-2018 [(4) 8 : 122-126]
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studied using the methods of two dimensional
elasticity, such or finite element analysis or finite
strip method. Plane sections before bending
remaining plane after bending does not hold good for
deep beams. Significantly warping of the cross-
sections occurs because of high shear stresses,
consequently flexural stresses are not linearly
distributed, even in the elastic range, and the usual
methods for calculating section properties and stresses
cannot be applied. Shear strength of deep beams may
be as much as 2 to 3 times greater than that
predicated using conventional equations developed
for members of normal proportions. For deep beams,
however a significant part of the load is transferred
directly from the point of application to the supports
by diagonal compression strut (figure1). Diagonal
cracks that form roughly in a direction parallel to a
line from the load to support isolate a compression
strut, which acts with the horizontal compression in
the concrete and the tension in the main
reinforcement to equilibrate the loads. The geometry
of this mechanism and the relative importance of
each contribution to shear strength clearly depend on
the properties of the member as well as the placement
of the loads and reactions.
Fig 1.Deep beams carrying concentrated loads
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The reinforcement of deep beams differs from that of
normal beams. The main flexural steel is placed near
the tension edge, as usual, although because of the
greater depth of the tension zone it may be advisable
to distribute such steel over, the bottom third of the
member. As per IS 456-2000, flexural steel is placed
within a zone of depth equal to 0.25D-0.05L adjacent
to the bottom face of the beam where D is the overall
depth and L is the effective span.
1. Objective of Studies
The main objective of this investigation was to
conduct an experimental study on strength &behavior
of deep beams with different percentage of web
reinforcement.. To study the variations in strength of
the deep beams designed by using codes of different
countries such as IS 456:2000, NZS(NDS-3101-2006),
CIRIA GUIDE-2, APPENDIX –A of ACI- 318-
2005(STRUT AND TIE METHOD) and CSA-A23.3-
2004. 1. The effect of longitudinal and transverse
reinforcement on Ultimate strength, failure modes
will be examined.
2. Modes of Failure of Deep Beam:
Failure modes of deep beam can be divided in
following two main categories.
Flexural failure mode
Shear failure mode
Shear failure mode can be sub divided into following
three categories.
Mode II-1: Diagonal tension failure, which in the line
of thrust become so eccentric and give rise to flexural
failure in compressive zone. It is important however
to mention that this kind of failure is a result of
tensile crack extension in compressive zone due to
flexural load.
Mode II-2: Shear compression failure where RC beam
fails due to the development of diagonal crack into
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the compressive zone and reduces the area of resisting
region excessively and beam crushes once generated
compressive stress exceeds compressive strength of
concrete.
Mode II-3: Shear proper or compressive failure of
struts, which is often observed in beams with very
small shear span to depth ratio (a/d< 1.5).In this case
due to the small a/d ratio, the line of thrust will be so
steep and arch action not only reserve flexural
capacity in most cases but also efficiently sustains
required shear force. Arch is clearly observed in those
beams and finally beams fail due to either sudden
tensile crack formation parallel to the strut axes or
compressive crush in normal direction to the strut
axes.
3. Design of Deep Beams
Deep beams are designed and cast for two points
loading and for shear spans 200 mm . Point loads of
50 kN are applied on deep beams for design purpose.
Dimensions of deep beams chosen for design purpose
are, Length = 700 mm, Depth = 400 mm, Thickness =
150 mm.
M20 and Fe 500
Design of deep beams is done by following methods.
1. Design by using I.S.456-2000 method
2.Design by using NZS
3. Design by using CIRIA GUIDE-2method
4. Design by usingCSA-A23.3-2004. 1
5.Design by using ACI-318 method
Simply supported deep beams
For each method mentioned above, beams with 200
mm shear spans and 0.15%,0.20% and 0.25% web
steel are designed and cast. Total twenty deep beams
are designed and cast for this study.
4. Experimental Work
After analysis and design is over, casting of the deep
beams was done. In all several deep beams were cast
(for 200 mm shear span) for each of the three design
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methods viz.as IS 456:2000, NZS(NDS-3101-2006),
CIRIA GUIDE-2, APPENDIX –A of ACI- 318-
2005(STRUT AND TIE METHOD) and CSA-A23.3-
2004.of shear span 200 mm.
Before actual casting, various ingredients of concrete
such as cement, sand and aggregate were tested in
Laboratory. Reinforcement mesh for every beam was
kept ready according to individual designs.
Formwork for casting beams of required dimensions
as mentioned above was kept ready. For M 20 grade
concreting, weigh batching was adopted. In all
eighteen beams are cast. After casting curing has been
done for next 28 days. The concrete cubes and steel
bars are tested to assure material quality. Before
actual testing was started, testing set up such as span
adjustment, Two point loading arrangement etc. was
done. Span of 600 mm was fixed on the testing
platform. Positions of shear spans, loading points were
marked on beams. Bearing plates were kept first on
the support and then beams were kept on these
bearing plates. Above beams, again bearing were kept
at loading points and two transverse bars were kept
on these plates for point loadings. Above these bars I
section was kept so as to transfer the load to two
points as required as shown in Figure 1. Initial
creaking load, failure pattern and failure load of every
beam was recorded. Two Point Loading applied by
Manually operated hydraulic jack at a rate of 400
kg/min.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Deflection at various loads is measured . The average
initial cracking load, average deflection at centre and
mode of failure is studied for each beams. The average
test result of three samples given in Table 1&2 below.
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IV. CONCLUSIONS respectively and less than 5.4% with respect to

0.25% of web steel.
1. The flexural strain at the mid span section is 11. Based on all above it can be concluded that the
nonlinear with maximum strain at the top and strength of R.C. deep beam with 0.25% web steel
bottom .The neutral axis gets shifted towards is maximum in comparison with all other beam.
bottom.
2. The variation of strain across the line joining the
V. REFERENCES
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