Introduction to

FIRE DETECTION &

ALARM SYSTEM
Presented by
Engr. Sabrul Jamil, PRINCE2
Manager, Fire Safety, Ezzy Automations Ltd, Bangladesh
Phone: +88 01617181910 eMail: jamil@sabrul.com
Website: www.sabrul.com
Objectives

 Basic Knowledge of FDA

 Inform Customer the System
 Understand DRAWING & BOM

NOT TO

 Prepare Design or Drawing

 Prepare BOQ (form Drawing)
2
Introduction
to FIRE
 The Purpose of Fire Safety
Engineering & Detection System

Safety of life DETECT FIRE

Conservation of ALERT OCCUPANTS

property

Continuity of EVACUATE THE

operations PREMISES

Protection of the ALERT THE LOCAL

environment FIRE DEPARTMENT

4
Elements of Fire
Fire Triangle
Three elements a fire needs to
ignite:
1. HEAT,

2. FUEL,

3. OXYGEN

Can be prevented or
extinguished by removing any
one of the elements in the fire
triangle
5
Elements of Fire
Fire Diamond

Once a fire has started,

the resulting exothermic
chain reaction sustains
the fire and allows it to
continue until or unless
at least one of the
elements of the fire is
blocked.
6
Classes of fire
 Class A - fires involving solid materials such as
wood, paper or textiles.
 Class B - fires involving flammable liquids such as
petrol, diesel or oils.
 Class C - fires involving gases.
 Class D - fires involving metals.
 Class E - fires involving live electrical apparatus.
(Technically ‘Class E’ doesn’t exists however this is
used for convenience here)
 Class F - fires involving cooking oils such as in
deep-fat fryers.
7
 Graph of a Fire Condition
Fire Detection Activation Sprinkler/Hydrant activation

Produces a
high
temperature
Produces
visible
smoke
Start particles
to produce
PoCs

Flame
Incipient

High Heat
Smoldering

Time->

8
The Stages of a Fire
1) Incipient

• Products of
Combustion particles
are produced (<0.3
microns).
• No visible smoke or
detectable heat.
• May occur for
milliseconds or days.
9
The Stages of a Fire
2) Smoldering:

 Visible smoke particles

are produced (>0.3
microns).

 Little visible flame or

noticeable heat.

10
The Stages of a Fire
3) Flame:

• Rapid combustion
produces radiant
energy in the visible,
and invisible (IR, UV)
spectrums.
• Heat begins to buildup
at this stage
11
Terminology

 FACP - Fire Alarm Control Panel.

 FACU - Fire Alarm Control Unit.
 FCC - Federal Communications Commission
 UL - Underwriters Laboratories
 NFPA - National Fire Protection Agency.
 AHJ, LAHJ - Authority Having Jurisdiction, Local
AHJ
 ADAAG - Americans with Disabilities Act
Accessibility Guidelines.
 PoC - Products of Combustion
 LED - Light Emitting Diode
 IDC - Initiating Device Circuit
 NAC - Notification Appliance Circuit
 ELR, EOL - End of Line Resistor 12
Terminology
 NEC - National Electrical Code (NFPA 70)
 NEMA - National Electrical Manufacturing
Association
 EIA - Electronics Industry Association
 Cd - Candela
 dB, dBA - Decibels
 FWR - Full Wave Rectified
 ANSI - American National Standards Institute
 PIV - Post Indicator Valve
 OS&Y - Outside Stem and Yoke Valves
 SFPE - Society for Fire Protection Engineers
 Shall - Indicates a mandatory requirement
 Should - Indicates a recommendation or
advisement
13
Guidelines

 NFPA 70 - National Electrical Code

 NFPA 72 - National Fire Alarm Code
 NFPA 101 - Life Safety Code
 National Electrical Code Handbook,
NFPA
 Life Safety Code Handbook, NFPA
 Fire Protection Handbook, NFPA
 Fire Alarm Signaling Systems, NFPA

14
What is “UL Listed”?

 A global safety consulting

and certification company
 UL is one of several
companies approved to
perform safety testing by the
U.S. federal
agency Occupational Safety
and Health
Administration (OSHA).
15
What is “FM Approved”?
 independent testing arm of
international insurance carrier,
FM Global.
 FM approvals uses scientific research
and testing to make sure products
conform to the highest standards for
safety and property loss prevention.
 Products that pass get the “FM
APPROVED” mark. Think of it as like
the Good Housekeeping seal of
approval, only better.
16
Overview of Fire
Detection and
Alarm System
The Origin of Fire Alarm
 Long ago, as an early method of spreading
the word of fire danger, people shouted
"Fire!"
 The Town Bell Or Other Noisemaker Was
Also Used.
 Electricity was discovered
and electrical (and electronic) fire alarm
systems were developed.

18
How a Fire Alarm Works

 Basically, to activate it, a fire alarm system uses

manually operated devices (pull stations), or
automatically activated devices (smoke and heat
detectors, waterflow switches, etc.).
 Once a fire is discovered by the fire alarm
system, it tells the occupants of a building about
the fire (by making lots of noise and flashing
lights), and calls the fire-fighters (through
automatic communication).
 After that, it is up to the occupants to defend
themselves from the fire, and the firefighters to
try to extinguish it.
19
Main Components of a
Fire Alarm System

Detection Control Notification

Input Process Output

20
Typical Main Components
Initiating Notification
Devices Appliances

Control
Heat
Panel
Smoke
Detector
Detector (FACP)
Ceiling Mounted Horn Strobe

Heat

Waterflow Wall Mounted Horn Strobe

Switch Manual
Station

Detection Control Notification 21

Ancillary Devices
Control
Panel

Door Holder/Releases

Remote
Annunciator
Heat

Printer

Control Relays

22
Key Expectations from a World
Class Fire Alarm & Detection
System
Reliability Flexibility Serviceability
Reliable Detection Modularity & Scalability Easy Maintenance

Reliable Notification Challenging Application Easy Operation

Low Downtime Integrated Solution After Sales Support

Rejection of Nuisance
Innovative Technology Fast project Closure
Alarm

Stable System Easy Commissioning Smooth AMC

Protection Of Investment Easy operation OEM Support

Code Compliance Highly Flexible Low Cost Of Ownership

23
 Fire Alarm Circuits are
SUPERVISED

• Circuit is on continuously TROUBLE

Message
• Circuit is monitored
• If the circuit moves out of 02:38:00 P001 D000
001 Trbl Active
Basement NAC
specification, a trouble
event occurs
• A trouble event usually
‐ turns on an LED
‐ turns on a signal
‐ causes a message
LED = Light Emitting Diode 24
Signal
Initiating
devices
Conventional vs Addressable

26
PROGRAMMING METHOD

DIP SWITCHES

HANDHELD PROGRAMMER
ROTARY SWITCHES 27
 Defining
‘Intelligence’
• Device returns sensor
values for panel
processing.
• Device maintains
environmental data base
for one or more sensors
and makes alarm
decision.
• Devices can give
additional information
such as % dirty.
28
 Addressable
Fire Alarm Circuit

Each device has a unique identifier, or address, so that it is unique to the system.

07 08 09

01 02 03 04 05 06
10

19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
29
Elements of Fire Alarm

Inputs

A fire alarm
system can have Smoke Detector
a variety of
input devices.

Manual Pull Station

30
SLC-Signaling Line Circuit

• Usually have a Class ‘A’ or ‘B’ connection option

• Input and output devices can be on the same circuit
• Control panel device communication is sometimes
called a protocol
T-Tap option on class B

Out
Class ‘A’
CONTROL SLC Circuit
PANEL With Detectors
& Modules
Return
31
INITIATING DEVICES
• Manual initiating devices – break glass station, buttons,
pull stations and the like are all considered manual
initiating devices. They should be located near the exits of
your building and should be easily accessible, identified and
operated.
• Automatic initiating devices –wide variety of automatic
initiating devices, including heat detectors, smoke
detectors, flame detectors, CO detectors, water flow
detectors, etc.
• Sense changes in the environment and react automatically
• May use cameras and computer algorithms to analyze
visible effects of fire and movement in ways that other
detection devices can’t.

32
Initiating devices
CAPABLE OF PLACING THE SYSTEM IN THE
ALARM STATE

 Photoelectric Smoke Detectors

 Heat Detectors,

 Ionization Smoke Detectors,

 In-duct Smoke Detectors,

 Manually Operated Pull Stations

 Sprinkler Waterflow Sensors

Also Available In Weatherproof And

Hazardous Location Versions.
33
Elements of a Control Panel

Horns
Outputs

Strobes

34
Fire Detectors Classification
PHOTO

SPOT LASER

SMOKE BEAM MULTI

SAMPLING

MULTI
DETECTORS
AUTOMATIC

SPOT FIXED TEMP

HEAT
LINEAR ROR T.

CO
GAS
LPG/LNG

IR
FLAME
UV 35
 PHOTOTECTRIC DETECTOR
Light Scattering Principle
Smoke Particles Sensing Chamber

TRANSMITTER RECEIVER
(LED) (Photo Diode)

Partition 36
PHOTOTECTRIC DETECTOR
Light Scattering Principle
• These detectors use a Light-Emitting
Diode (LED) that sends a beam of light into a
dark chamber. A photo diode sits on the other
side of a partition within the chamber.

• Smoke particles entering the chamber deflect

some of the light rays into the photocell. The
photo cell generates a current when exposed to
light, and if the current reaches a certain level,
the smoke detector alarms.
37
Typical Range
 Simplex TrueAlarm photoelectric sensors use a
stable, pulsed infrared LED light source and a
silicon photodiode receiver to provide consistent
and accurate low power smoke sensing. Seven
levels of sensitivity are available for each
individual sensor, ranging from 0.2% to 3.7% per
foot of smoke obscuration. Sensitivities of 0.2%,
0.5%, and 1% are for special applications in
clean areas. Standard sensitivities are 1.5%,
2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, and 3.7%. Application type
and sensitivity are selected and then monitored
at the fire alarm control panel.
38
TYPICAL INSTALLATION
ABOVE FALSE CEILING

39
TYPICAL INSTALLATION
BELOW FALSE/TRUE CEILING

40
SMOKE DETECTOR –
NUISANCE EVENTS

A smoke detector is a particle

detector so:

• Do not install in dusty/dirty

environments
• Do not use outdoors
• Do not spray with aerosols.
• Work such as carpentry, welding, and
grinding can cause nuisance events.

41
LASER TYPE DETECTORS
•Used for Early Warning Smoke
Detection
•Uses a Laser Light Source and
receiver
• Sensitivity is higher (0.02% to 2%)
•As per NFPA 318/76 Spot type Laser
Smoke Detectors are for “high value
asset protection”.
42
Projected Beam Principle

Transmitter Receiver

Smoke from the

fire in the protected
area diffuses the
intensity of the beam at the receiver
43
Projected Beam Principle

 In a projected Beam Detector, alarms are

generated by diffusing the projected light beam
by a specified percentage of obscuration.
Total beam blockage generally results in a trouble
signal.

 Wire the receiver unit as a 4-wire detector

(separate power and sensing connections to
the control panel).

44
 Projected Beam Principle

One Prism on 23901 Prism Four Prisms on 5000-006

5000-006 Mounting Bracket Reflector
Addressable Beam Mounting Bracket
Detector Head

Addressable Beam Control Station

5000-201 Adjustment
Beam Detector on 5000-005 Bracket
Beam Detector on 5000- 5000-008 Single Prism 5000-007 Four Prism Adapter on
Alignment Bracket
011 Uni-Box
45
Adapter on a 5000-005 5000-005 Alignment Bracket
Alignment Bracket
AIR SAMPLING DETECTION
 ASD (Aspirated Smoke Detection)
 ASSD (Air Sampling Smoke Detection)
 VESDA (Very Early Warning Aspirating Smoke
Detection)
 FAAST (Fire Alarm Aspiration Sensing
Technology)
 Works much like a vacuum cleaner. Sucks air
from the protected environment via purpose
built aspirating pipe and fittings and samples
the quality of air passing through the detection
laser chamber.
46
ASD PRINCIPLE

47
ASD PRINCIPLE
 ASD technology utilizes
collective air sampling vs.
point detection
 A sample of air is collected
from multiple sampling holes
 Areas of coverage and spacing
are the same for both

Sample Hole
= 48
Controller Display Detail
Reference

49
Gases Detected
Combustible Toxic Other
 Methane  Carbon
 Oxygen
 Hydrogen
monoxide
deficiency
 Ammonia
 Propane  Oxygen
 Hydrogen
 Pentane enrichment
sulfide
 Gasoline  Carbon
 Nitrogen
 Alcohol
dioxide
dioxide
 Ammonia  Sulfur dioxide

 Chlorine 50
Reliability Benefits
 Excellent false alarm immunity to dust,
steam, insects, objects and structural
movement
 Eliminates false alarms by automatically
compensating for building movement
 No moving motor parts eliminates hardware
failures
 Operates in all ambient lighting conditions
 Not affected by nearby reflecting surfaces
 No false alignment due to reflecting on fog
 Ability to compensate for high air movement 51
Financial Benefits
 Low implementation costs because of simple
and fast installation and alignment
-Only the Imager unit has to be
wired (battery powered Emitters)
-Power can be supplied from panel
-Fast and simple coarse manual
alignment
 Lower maintenance cost for larger areas
-Test filter at the Imager or Emitter
-No intervention costs for misalignment

52
ASD USES

53
ASD USES

 Atriums
 Logistics
 Power generation facilities
 Generator Turbine Halls
 Data Centre
 Stadiums
 Water, waste and sewage
 Event Centers
treatment facilities
 Concert Halls
 Industrial – mining, steel
mills, petro-chemical,  Airports
wood, pulp and paper  Train Stations
 Stadiums  Long Corridors
 Historic / Cultural Buildings  Industrial infrastructure
 Tunnels  Large Open Spaces

54
 Duct Detectors

 Photoelectric detector mounted in

housing outside the ductwork that has
probes that extend into the duct to
sample the air inside the duct.
 Primarily used as a smoke control device
to control the flow of air in ductwork.

55
Duct Detectors

56
Duct Detectors

57
Heat Detectors

 Heat detectors are the oldest type of automatic

fire detection device.
 Not considered direct Life Safety devices, these
detectors do contribute to the detection of a fire.
58
HEAT DETECTOR
Fusible link
(melts)
FIXED Thermistor
HEAT DETECTORS

TEMPARATURE (electronic)

Bi‐metal

Thermistor
(electronic)
RATE OF RISE
Pneumatic (air
chamber)
Fixed Temp. &
COMBINATION
Rate‐of‐Rise
59
Heat Detectors
FIXED TEMPARATURE
 Initiates alarm when the sensing element reaches
a certain set point.
 Two common ones have 135 and 200-degrees F
range. The Fixed element is generally a non-
restorable type, and when activated, must be
replaced.
 Typical Range: Fixed temperature sensing is
independent of rate-of-rise sensing and
selectable to operate at 135° F (57.2° C) or 155°
F (68° C).

60
Heat Detectors
RATE OF RISE TEMPARATURE
 Respond when the rate of temperature increase
is greater than an allowable limit
 Typical Range: Rate-of-rise temperature
detection is selectable at the control panel for
either 15° F (8.3° C) or 20° F (11.1° C) per
minute.
 In a slow developing fire, the temperature may
not increase rapidly enough to operate the rate-
of-rise feature. However, an alarm will be
initiated when the temperature reaches its
selected fixed temperature setting.
61
Multi Criteria Detector

• Photo + Heat (Individual)

• Photo + Heat (Work together)
• Photo + CO (Individual & together)
62
LINEAR HEAT DETECTOR
 There are many situations when
conventional heat or smoke fire detectors
only work to a limited degree, if at all.
 For example; dusty or dirty areas, areas
with exhaust fumes, areas with high
humidity, freezing fog, or areas subjected
to high vibration.
 Also, if there is no access to the detectors
after installation, a maintenance-free
sensor would be desirable.
63
LHD-Typical Applications
• Cable tunnels & ducts • Marine engine rooms
• Road & rail Tunnels • Electrical switchgear
• Petro-chemical storage cabinets
tank rim seals • Oil rig & off shore
• Conveyor belts systems
• Electric rooms • Steam pipe leaks &
• High rise warehouse trace heating faults
stacking • Aircraft hangers
• Escalators and moving • Computer room under
walkways voids
• Paint shops & spray
booths
• Ceiling voids & attic 64

spaces
DIGITAL LHS
A small diameter cable which consist of sensing elements
which respond to a specific temperature at any point along
their length. The inner conductors are coated with a polymer
that melts at a predetermined temperature which allows the
conductors to make contact with one another and thereby
signal an alarm condition at fire alarm panel.

Temperature Rating:
 155°F (68°C) (typical temperature)

 172°F (78°C)

 190°F (88°C)

 220°F (105°C)

 RF Tested: Up to 10,000 linear ft.

65
Analogue LHS
A co-axial cable which exerts a defined change in electrical
resistance of internal polymers when subjected to changes in
surface temperatures. System monitoring through an
associated electronic interface unit provides fault indication of
open and short circuit conditions on the sensor cable.

Features
 Rate-Of-Rise and/or Fixed Temperature

 Alarm Temp can be set between 70-130℃ with PC Modulator

 Dual stage alarm settings (Pre-alarm & alarm)

 Open and short circuit watch

 Restorable & Reusable coaxial cable (if not damaged in the fire)

 System Reset with PC modulator

 Cable cover protects from wearing-out and EMI

 Max. Zone Length: 200Mtr (656.2 Ft.) 66

LHD in a Double Interlock
Pre-action System

67
LHD IN CABLE TRAY

68
Gas Detection
CARBON MONOOXIDE
 CO toxic gas monitoring
 CO sensor bases with 520 Hz
tone are multi-point devices,
use a single IDNet address,
and receive communications
and sensor power from the
IDNet channel (the sounder
base requires separate 24
VDC system power or NAC
connection)
An increased sensitivity algorithm analyzes CO and
photoelectric sensor information to allow the presence of CO
to increase photoelectric sensitivity for high value locations
(museums, electrical equipment rooms, etc)
69
Gas Detection
LPG/LNG
 Once gas has built up
undetected, simple
activities such as turning on
light switches can provide a
source of ignition,
potentially causing an
explosion.
 Detects Liquefied Petroleum
Gas and Liquefied Natural
Gas and gives a 85dB alarm
 Either be used as a stand-
alone device or it can be
directly wired to a solenoid
valve or control panel/alarm
system. 70
Flame Detector
 Unrivalled black body rejection
over a wide range of source
temperatures
 Triple waveband infrared solar
blind flame detection for optimum
false alarm immunity
 Discrimination of optical faults
(dirty windows) from other faults in
the built-in self-test
 Range adjustable to 50 meters for
a 0.1m2 n-heptane pan fire
 Conventional Device, needs
addressable module to be
connected with FDA
71
MANUAL CALL POINT
TYPICAL INSTALLATION

72
MANUAL CALL POINTS
1. SINGLE /DOUBLE
ACTION
2. BREAK GLASS PUSH
• Optional Features
– Surface Box
– Weatherproof
– Explosion proof
– Institutional
– Typically include glass
rod
– With and without key
locks or hex key locks
– With auxiliary contacts
– Multiple languages, even
dual languages.
– With a pre-signal feature
– With screw-terminal or
pigtail connections
– Conventional and
Addressable
– Metal or Polycarbonate
– Pre-Signal Option: activates
when the lever is pulled.
73
MANUAL CALL POINTS

Dual Action Explosion-Proof and BREAK GLASS TYPE MANUAL PUSH STATION,
74
Weather-Proof Manual Station VdS APPROVED, BLOW UP VIEW
NFPA STANDARD, UL LISTED
WATERFLOW DETECTORS
 A device or switch that
initiates an Alarm
condition indicating the
flow of water within a
sprinkler system.
WATERFLOW
DETECTOR/
 Other common names FLOW
are flow switch and SWITCH

riser flow switch.

75
SUPERVISORY SIGNAL
INITIATING DEVICE
OS&Y Gate Valve
supervisory switch
Water level indicator
Low‐air pressure Low Air
Supervisory
switch on a dry‐pipe Switch

sprinkler system.
A change of state
signals an off‐normal
(Supervisory)

Control valve
supervisory switch 76
SUPERVISORY SWITCHES
 monitor the open position of
an Outside Screw and Yoke
(OS&Y) type gate valve.
 NEMA 3R-rated enclosure
 Switches shall be mounted so
as not to interfere with the
normal operation of the valve
and shall be adjusted to
operate within two revolutions
of the valve control or when
the stem has moved no more
than one-fifth of the distance
from its normal position.

77
NOTIFICATION
devices
Indicating appliances
ANNOUNCE BUILIDNG OCCUPANTS OR AT A REMOTE
LOCATION WHEN THE SYSTEM ENTERS THE ALARM
STATE

 Horns,
 Sirens

 Strobe Lights,

 Chimes,

 Bells,

 Combination Units.

Also Available In Weatherproof And

Hazardous Location Versions.
79
Emergency Communications
Display Interface
 Normal building video
message displays to be
controlled
 Resides in an on-site
computer
 Control of the video feed
using a
 Output through separate VGA
switch, or providing an RSS
message feed
 Computers require a serial
port for control panel
communications and a second 80
serial port
Network NAC Synchronization
All Appliances across Networked “ES” Panels are Synchronized

Atrium Second Atrium Second

Floor West Floor East

Atrium First Atrium First

Floor West Floor East

81
Visible Notification Appliances
with Synchronized Flash

Visual signaling
appliances are used in
high-noise
environments, in areas
occupied by hearing-
impaired individuals, or
in areas where audible
devices may not be
desired.

82
Audible Notification Appliances
For High Noise/ Open Areas

 Horn sound up to 114 dBA at

10’-0" (3m)
 Swiveled through 180°
horizontally and 90° vertically
outdoor/weatherproof option Horn/Siren

 Can be used where standard

bells or horns are not
satisfactory, particularly in
areas of high noise level.
Multiple Tone
Signal
83
Audible Notification Appliances

• Design when area is at maximum

noise level.
• UL typically rates dB @ 10 ft. on
axis.
• Lose about 6 dBA for distance doubled.
• Space approx. 40’ on center.
• Typically installed in all multi-
person / common areas
separated by a door from other Audible Only (AO)
audible devices.
• Closed doors and walls lose
approximately. 20 dBA.
84
Wall Mount Weatherproof
Notification Appliances

 Weatherproof Notification
Appliances For Extended
Temperature And Humidity
Range
 Rugged, high impact, flame
retardant thermoplastic
housing with clear lens
 Standard models are red and  Mounting is to matching
available with FIRE or FEU weatherproof boxes (required),
lettering; configured models ordered separately
are available with additional  Separate covers are available
lettering of FEU/FIRE, ALERT, to change application type on-
and blank, and in white with site or for replacement
each lettering  Enclosure is rated NEMA 3R
85
Addressable Speakers
 Complete family of wall ceiling mount
speakers
 Individually identified, supervised and
controlled speakers
 Each speaker has a unique address allowing
individual unit supervision, control, and
configuration
 Unit disconnection or failure is quickly detected,
pinpointed, and reported
 Revolutionary self-test capability
 Testing is fast, easy, and non-disruptive
 Test information for each appliance is stored in
the panel
 T-tap audio and highly flexible NAC wiring
 Easier to design, install, expand and modify
 Use less wiring, smaller gauge wiring, and power
supplies and batteries
Multi Point Devices

• Multi I/O Module (3 inputs/ 2

outputs)
• Inputs and outputs are
individually monitored and
controlled
• Applications include
monitoring fire contacts such
as extinguishing system
control, ventilation control,
fire door control
Control Module
Strobe Synchronization Modules

• Convert conventional Notification

Appliance Circuits (NACs) into
SmartSync circuits or synchronized
strobe circuits
• Combine separate horn and strobe NAC
inputs into a 2-wire control that can
silence horns while maintaining
synchronized strobe operation
• Synchronized Flash Modules provide a
2-wire synchronized strobe output that
also operates compatible 24 VDC
conventional reverse polarity
notification appliances
• Separate particular one for CO
notification 88
Color Touchscreen LCD Annunciators/
Repeater Panel/ Annunciation Panel

 Provides the display features of the fire alarm

control panel at a remote location
 LED status indicators include Alarm, Priority 2,
Supervisory, Trouble, Alarm Silenced, and
Status of AC Power at the control panel
89
Emergency Communications
Display Interface
 Normal building video
message displays to be
controlled
 Resides in an on-site
computer
 Control of the video feed
 Output through separate
VGA switch, or providing an
RSS message feed
 Computers require a serial
port for control panel
communications and a
second serial port 90
GRAPHICAL INTERFACE

91
GRAPHICAL INTERFACE
 Custom alarm and system messages can intuitively
guide emergency responders
 Auto-jump allows the screen view to automatically
jump to a graphic at a predetermined zoom level with
the active device centered on the screen; alternately,
the system can be selected to auto-jump to the Alarm
List window
 Personal computer based annunciator
 Server with Local Client & Remote Clients
 Displays Alarm, Supervisory, Priority 2, and Trouble
conditions with numerical tallies for each
 Quad monitor support allows multiple active windows,
or run separate client/server instances on individual 92
LED Annunciators

 LED annunciator for use with

the fire alarm control panel
 Information is transmitted
over one twisted, shielded
pair
 24 Red/Yellow LEDs, jumper
selectable
 Low current consumption
 Supervised / Unsupervised
 Surface mount on standard
electrical box
 18 gauge steel casing 93
Response Indicator
 Provides remote annunciation of
fire alarm troubles
 Loud piercing sound
 Easy to install
 Standard single gang box mount
 Dry contact activation
 Yellow LED illuminates and a low
frequency
 Piezo sounds upon activation
 Will be reset when the controlling
contact is reset 94
Other devices
connected with
FDA
Input Modules/
MONITOR MODULE
• Interfaces N.O. devices to a Conventional
Signaling Line Circuit Class ‘B’
Circuit
Resistor

High Temperature
Heat Detectors

SLC Circuit
Class ‘B’

Addressable devices on this circuit Input Module

INPUT MODULE

97
 Auxiliary Relay Circuits/
OUTPUT MIODULE/ CONTROL
MODULE
Control Contacts
Relay CR

• Contacts of CR control relay R.

• The contacts of R control SLC Out OR

higher voltage and current N.O. N.C.

circuits, i.e. fan motor.
Relay R has
Low voltage Power high voltage
R and current
Power source
on/off
DVR contacts
Power on/off
Heat
SLC
Source R
120 Vac
or
greater M
Motor
DVR

Control Relays Systems using N.C.

Contacts are
Called ‘failsafe’

Fans using a ‘controller’ can usually be controlled directly from a single CR relay
 Door Release Circuit
Control Contacts
Relay CR

SLC Out
N.C.
Power on/off
Door Holder/Releases Low voltage Power
Power source DH DH
on/off
Systems using N.C.
Contacts are
Called ‘failsafe’
Contacts of CR control
Using Alarm
relay control door holders
contacts DH above.
in panel
Panel alarm contacts
control door holders DH
Low voltage Power
on the left.
Power source DH DH
on/off
Air Handler Unit Shutdown
A control function
provided by a fire
detection system
to shutdown air
handler units in
order to prevent
further spread of
Typical AHU components smoke and or
toxic chemicals as
1. Supply Duct 4. Heating and/or cooling coil
2. Fan Compartment 5. Filter compartment
3. Vibration Isolators 6. Return and fresh air duct
a result of a fire
condition.
Lift Control

 STOP THE ELEVATOR or

 BRING TO THE GROUND
FLOOR or
 MOVE TO THE TOP
FLOOR

101
 Smoke Management
 Smoke is the major killer
in fires
 Can fill stairwells and
elevator shafts, blocking
both evacuation and
firefighting
 Smoke control systems
reduce the number of
smoke-related injuries
and deaths
 Shut down the air
handling fans and the
smoke dampers in the air
ducts to prevent the
spread of smoke and
flame
102
Extra Action Taken by the
Fire Alarm System
 Turn off electricity and gas in curtains to prevent the spread
kitchens (shunt) of smoke or flame
 Capture the elevators  Release door holders on fire
 Turn off the electricity in doors to prevent the spread of
computer rooms (Emergency smoke
Power Off or EPO)  Activate fire suppression
 Turn on a deluge sprinkler systems (FM200, Halon, Dry
system to extinguish a fire Agent, Etc.)
 Activate a preaction sprinkler
system to allow it to
extinguish fire
 Unlock doors to allow exit
 Lock doors to prevent entrance
 Close smoke barriers or smoke

103
Control Panel
Basics
ALARM or FIRE ALARM event

Outside Door
FIRE
Corridor East Wing
ALARM
02:36:00 A001 D000
001 Alarm Active
A warning of fire danger.

A signal initiated by a fire alarm‐initiating device such

as a manual fire alarm box, automatic fire detector,
waterflow switch, or other device in which activation is
indicative of the presence of a fire or fire signature.
Supervisory event

02:37:00 P001 D000

001 Supv Active
Post Indicator
SUPV
Valve North Lawn

A warning of sprinkler or
other fire system impairment.

An initiating device such as a valve switch, water

level indicator, or low air pressure switch on a dry
pipe sprinkler system in which the change of state
signals an off normal condition.
 Trouble event

02:38:00 P001 D000

001 Trbl Active
Smoke Detector
Room 138 TROUBLE

A warning of fire alarm

system impairment.

A signal initiated by the fire alarm system or

device indicative of a fault in a monitored
circuit or component.
 Monitor event

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An indication the
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monitor event active.
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A signal initiated by the

fire alarm system when
a device programmed
for monitor is active. A
monitor message exist
Monitor
in the display queue.

Use for status monitoring type events

 Ground fault event

A signal initiated by the

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fire alarm system when

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a ‘live’ conductor has a

low impedance
connection to ground
Trouble is also active.
GROUND
FAULT
A warning the system has a ground fault active.
 Service Detector event

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A warning the system
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has one or more
detectors requiring
service.
A signal initiated by the
fire alarm system when a
detector needs service
SERVICE such as cleaning.
DETECTOR

Is this a trouble?
 Signal Silence

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An user initiated action
to silence all the alarm
signals on the system.

SIGNAL
SILENCE

• The signal silence LED turns on steady when the signals

are silenced.
• Signal silence puts the system in trouble.
Acknowledge / Panel Silence

All active events are Acknowledged

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An user initiated action
to silence the panel’s
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internal signal.

ACK/PANEL
SILENCE
 Reset

Pressing RESET starts the

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reset sequence.
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During reset, the LED

flashes. To complete
successfully, all devices
and circuits must be
normal.
Reset

A user initiated action

intended to restore the
system to normal.
 Drill

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A user initiated
action to sound a
fire drill signal.

DRILL

• The drill LED turns on when drill is active.

• Drill activates only the audible and visible signals.
Remote Disconnect

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A user initiated action to
turn off the connection
to a central monitoring
station.

REMOTE
DISCON

• The remote disconnect LED turns on steady when

the central station is turned off.
• Remote Disconnect puts the system in trouble.
VOICE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
ONE-WAY, PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM
 Alarm/evacuation signal
generation with multiple
built-in tones
 Standard or customized
digital message storage
and message generation
 Automatic or manual
operation
 Mass Notification
operation
 Integrated with FDA or
separated standalone
system 116
VOICE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Both One and Two Way

117
VOICE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Two Way- FIRE FIGHTING TELEPHONE

 Simultaneously talk
with up to 6 remote
telephones
 Ring signal hold signal
 Telephone circuits are
supervised
 connected to each
other in the event of a
communications loss

118
Reading a Basic Layout
Drawing of FDA

119
THANK YOU

Q&A

120