City Sanitation Plan Preparation 

Sharing Few Early Lessons…………..

Lessons

Vigyan Bhvan, New Delhi

ASCI, Hyderabad
2 August 2010
 RECAP: India Urban Sanitation Vision

All Indian cities and towns become totally

sanitized healthy and liveable;
sanitized,
and
ensure and sustain positive public health and
environmental outcomes for all their citizens.

2
 Typical Situation in
Indian Cities and Towns
Cement bags and Pit
Dry pit Leading to Drain

Access means still this

to remaining
……. Unsanitary latrines,
discharged
in to drains, water Body

About 82 % disposed
in an unsafe manner
On River banks
 Dead Investments

Closed as it is non
functional due to
ILCS toilet used for unfavorable soil condition
storage purpose in slums
 Septic
p Tanks
No
Regulation

¾Septic tanks (around 45%) - No

regulation on Discharge and
C
Construction
t ti

¾Liquid waste not adhering to

env standards.

Septic tanks - Reality

 Septic Tank
outlet very
next to it.

Water
W t Pi
Pipes
passing
through Drains
 All Grey water find way in to Water Bodies

Utility areas
Bathing area

Hobra River side around 1145 
H ng latrines
Hung house holds discharge toilets
house holds  discharge toilets 
Estimated about 8520 kg/ day of BOD
- entering the Haora river
 No septage Management
Septic tanks –
disposal of sludge

Water
bodies polluted
 MSW
dumped
in to drains and
burnt in open
Not regulated
g
X
Unsanitary

Analysing Access to Toilets

 How safe Septic Tanks are  ?????....

Location: Cesspools can’t

can t Reach – manual handling
(mapping with the help of operators).

Construction: Use of porous Material, not adhering to specs

eg. No level diff between inlet and outlet, No soak pits.

Usage : allowing bathing water, soap water, acids.

No proper Sludge disposal: Exposed, Leakages due to delays

in clearences

Tools: FGDs, Transect walks, interviews with ULB officials

 Our Approach……..

E ti ti g safe
•Estimating f sanitation
it ti iin a gi
given city
it

•Concentrating more on softer aspects

•Demand driven approach – Communication

Needs Assessment

•Identifying strategies to achieve enhanced

public health and environmental outcomes in
a mission
i i mode d iin CSP
CSP………..
Estimating safe sanitation
• Analyzing and mapping Access

• S i llevels
Service l (SLB iindicators
di )

• Mapping spatially (questionnaires)

– Profiling
P fili ULB
– Community toilets
– Slums
– Residential Areas ( inner and peri urban)
– Public spaces
– Schools

• Analyzing existing toilet options used in given city

• Estimating safe sanitation - Water balance approach

• Solutions and Strategies

 Major Challenges – demand side

• Open defecation
O d f ti (18%)
• Unsanitary toilets and disposal (48 -82%)
• Unregulated discharge from Septic tanks
• Pollution of Water Bodies / Soil
• Limited Awareness - public health , sanitary
latrines, O&M and environmental outcomes

Contd……….
 Major Challenges – Supply Side 

• Very weak MIS on full cycle of sanitation.

sanitation
• No clear roles to manage sanitation
• Issues of safety of health workers
• Land and Resources
• Capacities – knowledge and skills
• Inadequate number of Public Toilets
• School and institutional sanitation
• Gender issues
• Lack of adequate
q O&M
• City is inhomogeneous – centralized or decentralized
.

• Give direction to move forward with more specific

areas to address.
address

• Derive strategies for different pockets.

pockets

• Sound recommendations leading to DPRs which have

been validated.

• Regulations and Monitoring is much more easy

 CSP strategies
Communi Financial Institutional Regulati Capacities
cation/A (ULB/Comm on
wareness unity)
it )
Open Defecation
Upgradation of kutcha
toilets
il
Septic tanks not
reachable by Cesspools -
manual cleaning.
cleaning
Septic Tanks not
regulated – construction,
usage
Two pits in unfavorable
conditions (wet/ rocky
soils))
sewerage untreated.
 City Sanitation 
Plans of UP Cities
f

7/30/10
 information of UP 
Cities
State : Uttar Pradesh

Total Population: 19,08,91,000 (2008)

Total number of cities

08
developing CSPs:

Current status of sanitation

% of Liquid % of Liquid
Waste Waste Authorities/ Agencies
g Current MoUD
City Name Population Area % of Solid
treated treated Involved Rating
% of open defecation Waste
through through on
treated
sewerage site
system systems

To be
Approximately functional
Agra 15,50,000 141 sq km 35% 03 STP soon Agra Nagar Nigam 113 (39.510)

Approximately 30-
Kanpur 30,00,000 260 sq km 35% Kanpur Nagar Nigam 10 (55.340)
To be
functional by Nagar Nigam
Moradabad 8,25,000 70 sq km Less than 5% -Nil- -Nil- Dec 10 Moradabad 138 (38.322)

Approximately
Bareilly 9,50,000 90 sq km 30% -Nil- -Nil- -Nil- Nagar Nigam Bareilly 187 (36.101)

Approximately
g
Aligarh 8,70,000
, , 82 sq
q km 30% -Nil- -Nil- -Nil- Nagar
g Nigam
g Aligarh
g 227 ((33.883))

Jhansi 6,00,000 68 sq km Nagar Nigam Jhansi 103 (39.913)

Nagar Nigam
Saharanpur 7,00,000 65 sq km Saharanpur 181 (36.317)
 Assessment of the Current Situation –
Disaggregated Data
City Level
Data

Zonal Zonal 6Z
Zones
Level Level
Data Data

Ward
d Ward
d Ward
d Ward
d Ward
d Ward
d
Level Level Level Level Level Level
Data Data Data Data Data Data

110
Industries wards

Slums
Institutions
Schools
7/30/10 Public spaces
 Prepara Step by Step Method
Profiling ULB
1 tory
Steps Step by Step Process 
Stakeholder Analysis
2 CSP preparation
Sensitisation / Orientation Workshop
3
Constituting:
g Cityy Sanitation Task Force
Core Team – Technical
4 Core Team - IEC

Initiating IEC activities

5
Surveys
Situation Analysis and mapping current status Data gaps & Quality Transect walks
6 FGDs

Problem Analysis and assessment of Options

7
Planning for :
Solutions
Developing and Consolidating CSP Selecting options
8 New facilities
Behavior change
Formulation of town level action Plan Monitoring and
9 Evaluation

7/30/10
Finalisation of CSP at Stakeholder Workshop
1
 Steps initiated so far……..

• Agency to execute CSP preparation – ASCI

• Initial meetings with ULBs officials  completed for data 
generation.

• City sanitation Task Force – has been  formed for Agra and Kanpur

• Preliminary Data collected for Agra, Kanpur & Moradabad.

• Planning to collect primary & secondary data collection in Aug ‐
Sep 2010

• Analysing  service level benchmarks, access to toilets, toilet 
options, estimating safe sanitation, Communication Needs 
assessment etc.  
 Slum Waste 
Dumped In Jamuna River :  Agra

7/30/10
 Open 
Defecation : Agra
 Open 
Defecation  :     Kanpur

7/30/10
 Slum 
S lid W t   D
Solid Waste  Dumps :  Agra
    A

7/30/10
 Challenges/ capacity needs of ULB…
• Capacity building to ULB officials is required.

• ASCI was asked to prepare 08 cities CSP and  handholding 
p p g
support. 

• Specific challenges faced
p g :

‐ Open defecation
‐ Inadequate STP/water treatment plants 
q / p
‐ Non‐notified slums across railway lines
‐ Inadequate storm water drainage
‐ Disaggregate  data on sanitation
Di t d t it ti
‐ Lack of institutional arrangement for sanitation
‐ Clear guidelines  and framework on CSP.  
Clear guidelines and framework on CSP
7/30/10
 Vision and Goals for CSP (with 
(
respect to management of liquid 
and solid waste)
d  lid  t )
Vision Statement:

“ Our City to become totally sanitised by 2015 so as

to ensure good public health standards, human dignity,
and privacy for all citizens”

This covers – collection,

collection transportation,
transportation treatment and disposal
to prevent disease, pollution and safeguard dignity.
 Objectives

Immediate (2010/12)

– Elimination of open defecation

– Universal access to safe sanitation (households and
Community level)
• Upgradation of kutcha to Pucca toilets
• School and institutional sanitation
• Public areas
– Credible Information (MIS)
– Sanitation improvement
p p
plans ((CSP))
– Septage management
– Institutional arrangements and Capacity building
 Objectives
Medium term (2012/14)

– Regulation
– S it
Sanitary and
d safe
f di
disposall off h
human excreta
t
and liquid waste
– Systems in place for good O & M (individual,
community level toilets and disposal systems)
through behaviour change and good mgmt
practices
– Door to door collection of MSW and safe
transport
 Objectives

Long term (2014 onwards)

• Water recycle and reuse

• Monitoring and evaluation
• D
Decentralized
t li d ttechnology
h l options
ti
 Integrating new/ ongoing/ existing projects 

on sanitation with CSP
Support
pp under:
MoUD support for CSP (MIS & IEC)
JNNURM – UGD, WS, MSW
UIDSSMT
RAY
Satellite Township Programme
13 FC
SSA
State programmes (Kanshiram Awas Yojana)
Budget allocation of 20% for poor
Plans for stakeholder participation‐ NGOs, Media, 
citizens etc

• Communication need assessment - different Target

g groups
g p
• Demand creation:
– CTF
– Standing Committee - Health,
Health Sanitation and
Public Health
– The Urban Poverty Eradication Cell (UPE Cell)
– Ward Committees & Ward Education Committee
– Non- Government Organization (NGO)

• Organising sanitation month, Sanitary marts

• School sanitation and Hygiene education programme