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Lecturer
Do Duc Tan
Email tan.dd@vgu.edu.vn
Oce A.105
Oce hours By appointments
Assessment Attendance and tutorials (10%), mid-term test (40%) and exam
(50%).
Attendance and tutorials: Don't be late. There are 7 tutorials.
Test: 75 minutes long (plus 5 minutes reading time) in class in 2nd lecture
of Week 5.
Exam: To be announced.
A resitting exam will be available with either a Fail or a Pass grade.
(Not applied to those who fail due to academic oenses.)
Tan Do (VGU) Mathematics 1 Lecture 1 2 / 27
Study guide
Tan Do
Vietnamese-German University
Lecture 1
In this lecture
Why functions?
In daily life, it is common to have one quantity depends upon another.
Example
Denition of functions
f : A −→ B
x 7−→ f (x)
denoted by CoDom(f).
f (x) = x2 + 4.
(a) Express in words how f acts on the input x to produce the output f (x).
√
(b) Evaluate f (3), f (−2) and f ( 5).
(c) Find the domain and range of f.
(d) Draw a machine diagram of f.
Solution
Example
(a)
(
3 − x, x ≤ 0,
y = f (x) =
x2 , x>0
is a piecewise dened function.
We have
f (−1) = 3 − (−1) = 4
f (1) = 12 = 1
Tan Do (VGU) Mathematics 1 Lecture 1 11 / 27
Functions
(b)
x,
x ≤ −10,
y = g(x) = 2
|x − 3|, −10 < x < 10,
ex ,
x ≥ 10
is a piecewise dened function.
We have
g(−10) = −10
g(0) = |02 − 3| = 3
g(10) = e10
Domain of a function
Recall that the domain of a function is the set of all inputs of that function.
Example
The domain of a function may not be stated explicitly. In this case, we implicitly
understand that the domain is the largest possible domain for that function. That
is,
Example
1
(a) f (x) = x−4
√
(b) g(x) = x
1
(a) f (x) =
x2 − x
√
(b) g(x) = 9 − x2
t
(c) h(t) = √ .
t+1
Graph of a function
x
For example, y = 2x + 1
y
A special case is when m=0 (the slope is 0).
Power function
y = xn ,
where n is a natural number.
y = x2
y = x3
x x
Root function
√
n
y= x,
where n is a natural number.
√ √
For example, y= x, y = 3 x, ...
√
y= x
Piecewise function
For example,
(
x2 , x ≤ 1,
y=
2x + 1, x>1
y = 2x + 1
y = x2
x
1
y = |f (x)|.
y
y
y = |x|
y = |x2 − 3|
√ √ x
− 3 3
Other functions
For example,
The vertical line test A curve in the coordinate plane is a graph of a function if and
Example Use The Vertical Line Test to check whether each of the following is a graph
of a function.
x2 + y 2 = 1.
To see whether this equation represents a function or not, we solve for y in terms of x.
Test.
If there are more than one value for y corresponding to each value of x, y is not a
function in x.
x2 + y 2 = 1.
So for example, if x = 0, then there are 2 corresponding values for y: y = 1 and y = −1.
(a) y − x2 = 10
(b) y 2 − x = 10
x2 y2
(c) + =1
4 25
(d) (y + 1)3 + x − 2 = 0