The McGraw Hill Companies 2 2 7°, “Embedded Systems Architecture, Programming and Design Second Edition 9 Raj KamalTata McGraw-Hill Published by the Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 7 West Patel Nagar, New Delhi 110 008. Copyright © 2008 by Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. First reprint 2008 ROXLCRYXRBXBQ No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording. or otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior written permission of the publishers. The program listing (if any) may be entered, stored and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication, ‘This edition can be exported from India only by the publishers, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited ISBN 13: 978-0-07-066764-8 ISBN 10; 0-07-066764-0 wging Director: Ajay Shukla General Manager: Publishing SEM & Tech Ed: Vibha Mahajan Sponsoring Editor: Shatin’ Jha Jr. Sponsoring Editor: Nilarjan Chakravarty Executive—Editorial Services: Sohini Mukherjee Production Executive: Suneeta S Bohra General Manager: Marketing—Higher Education & School: Michael J Cruz Product Manager: SEM & Tech Ed: Biju Ganesan Controtler—Production: Rajender P Ghansela Asst. General Manager—Production: B , Dogra Information contained in this work has been obtained by Tata McGraw-Hill, from sources believed to be reliable, However, neither Tata McGraw-Hill nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and neither Tata McGraw-Hill nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or ‘damages arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that Tata McGraw-Hill tnd its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought. Published by the Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 7 West Patel Nagar, New Delhi 110 008, typeset at Bukprint India, B-180A, Guru Nanak Pura, Laxmi Nagar-110 092 and printed at SDR Printers, A-28, West Jyoti Nagar, Loni Road, Shabdara, Delhi 110 094 Cover: SDR PrintersContents Preface to the Second Edition vii Preface to the First Edition ix 1,_Introduction to Embedded Systems 1 L.1_ Embedded Systems _3 1.2 Processor Embedded into a System _5 1.3 Embedded Hardware Units and Devices in a System _/0 1.4 Embedded Software in a System _19 Ls ‘of Embedded S\ 27 1.6 Embedded System-on-chip (Soc) and Use of VLSI Circuit Design Technology _29 1.7 Complex Systems Design and Processors _32 1.8 Design Process in Embedded System _37 1.9 Formalization of S} ign 42 1.10 Design Process and Design Examples 43 1.11 Classification of Embedded Systems 52 1,12, Skills Required for an Embedded System Designer 53, 2. 8051 and Advanced Processor Architectures, Memory Organization and Real-world Interfacing 61 21-8051 Architecture 42 2.2 Real World Interfacing _72 2.3 Antmduction io Advanced Architectures 84 24 Processor and Memory Organization 96 2.5 Instruction-Level Parallelism 04 2.6 Performance Metrics 106 2.7. Memory-Types. Maps and Addresses 106 2.8 Processor Selection 113 2.9 Memory Selection 1/8 ‘4. Devices and Communication Buses for Devices Network 0 3.1. 10 Types and 130 3.2 ‘Serial Communication Devices 134 3.3 Parallel Device Ports 143 34 cated Interfacing Features in Device Ports _150 ‘3S_Wireless Devices 151 3.6 Timer and Counting Devices _/52 37 Timer_157 3.8 Real Time Clock 158 3.9_Networked Embedded Systems _159 3.10 Serial Bus Communication Protocals 160 3.1L Parallel Bus Device Protocols—Parallel Communication Network Using ISA, PCL, PCI-X and Advanced Buses 166 3.12_Internet Enabled Systems—Network Protocols 170 3.13 Wireless and Mobile System Protocols _175 4. Device Drivers and Interrupts Service Mechanism 187 41 imed-VO Busy-wait ‘without I ‘Service Mechanism