Writing in the Discipline

I. BUSINESS LETTER

A) PURPOSES OF BUSINESS LETTERS:

1. To convey a message

2. To give essential information

3. To elicit or draw out a response

4. To create a positive impression about an organization

B) CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD BUSINESS LETTER:

1. Clarity – must have coherence, unity and parallelism

2. Completeness or Accuracy – must be accurate in expressing a message

3. Conciseness – must be brief but complete

4. Courtesy– must use polite words to show respect

C) PARTS OF A BUSINESS LETTER:

1. Heading

2. Dateline

3. Inside Address

4. Salutation

5. Body of the Letter

6. Complimentary Close

7. Signature

8. Attention line

9. Subject Line

10. Enclosures

II. RESEARCH PAPER

A) CLASSIFICATION:

1. Basic/Pure/Fundamental Research – the purpose is to expand knowledge and explore theory and
could provide foundation for further research

2. Applied Research – concerned with how the findings could be utilized into some type of teaching
methods

3. Practical Research – applies research findings to specific situation

B) CHARACTERISTICS

1. Systematic – characterized by order and planning

2. Objective – fair and must be proven by data

3. Organize – according to structure and parts of a research paper

4. Ethical - conforming to accepted standards of social or professional behavior

5. Significant – worth investigating and must have a valuable contribution

6. Feasible – practical, affordable and can be done through the available means

C) POINTERS

1. Knowing the topic

2. Specification of the topic

3. Having a clear research title

III. PARTS OF A RESEARCH PAPER

A) CHAPTER I

1. Introduction – includes the background of the problem and the explanation why there is a need to
research the given topic

2. Significance of the Study – includes the reason why the study is important and an identification of
who will benefit the research

3. Statement of the Problem – serves as a guide to the reader in finding an answer to the research

4. Scope and Delimitation – elaboration of the coverage of the study, the target respondents, and even
the weaknesses of the research

5. Definition of Terms – somewhat a dictionary of words used in the research paper

a. Conceptual Definition – literal meaning of the word taken from the dictionary

b. Operational Definition – the meaning of the word as used in the research paper

B) CHAPTER II

1. Related Literature – books that may be used in enlightening the readers about the topic

2. Related Studies – previous studies, that is thesis, dissertations, and research paper, that may be used
as an authority or reference in the explanation of the topic

3. Theoretical framework – existing theories that are related to the study

4. Conceptual paradigm – to show the existing difference and relationship of the variables

C) CHAPTER III

1. Methodology – the specifications of the methods used in gathering data

2. Research Design – the type of design the researchers used in the research paper

a. Descriptive Design – mostly used in grammar

b. Historical Design – development of events in the past, hence, history

c. Comparative Design

d. Experimental Design

3. Respondents – the people through which the information are gathered

4. Instrumentation – the instruments used in gathering data; questionnaires, video recorder, etc

5. Data Gathering Procedure – the manner through which the data are collected; everything should be
specified

6. Statistical Treatment of Data – statistical tools used in the presentation of numbers

D) CHAPTER IV:
1. Presentation

a. Tabular Presentation – through the use of tables

b. Textual Presentation – through the use of words

c. Graphic Presentation – through the use of pictures

2. Analysis - investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in making up the whole

3. Interpretation – presentation of the meaning obtained through the data gathered

E) CHAPTER V

1. Summary of Findings – brief statement of the results

2. Conclusion – the judgment reached after consideration of the data

3. Recommendation