Happiness Revealed Through Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in The Pursuit of Happyness (2006) Directed by Steve Conrad

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HAPPINESS REVEALED THROUGH

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
IN THE PURSUIT OF HAPPYNESS
(2006) DIRECTED BY STEVE
CONRAD
RUDY EFFENDI
Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia
PARAMITA AYUNINGTYAS, S.HUM., M.HUM

As mentor
ABSTRACT
This thesis discusses the five hierarchy of needs of Maslow applied in the movie The Pursuit of
Happiness. The analysis focuses on the fulfillment of hierarchy of needs of Maslow to the main
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character Chris. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs reveals about human nature’s needs in five stages
that have to be fulfilled, four basic needs and one self-actualization needs at the top as the
recognition of self potential and becomes what a human is supposed to be. This thesis is using
qualitative method to analyze the data. Supported by qualitative method, the writer chooses the
movie as the primary data then collects the other data of theory from literary and psychology
books as the secondary data. Chris has to struggle hard of fulfilling his needs as a human nature.
The conclusion shows that self actualization needs which Chris has fulfilled become the main
key to pursue the true happiness in life.
Keywords : Hierarchy of needs, fulfillment of happiness, film analysis, characters and

characterization
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INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
Surviving to have a better life is not easy for people around the world. It needs
motivation, that makes an individual survive in fulfilling his needs. The writer chose
this topic because it happens to most of people in the world.
Human Motivation theory from Maslow discusses about the motivation that
makes people do anything to make the needs fulfilled. The literature taken to be
analyzed is movie titled The Pursuit of Happyness (2006) by Steve Conrad. The writer
chooses this movie because the movie itself tells about the basic needs that people must
have and it happens in the real life story. The movie itself is based on novel written
based on true story of Chris Gardner’s living. The theory chosen to be used is Hierarchy
of Needs by Maslow which discusses about the five stages fulfillment of human needs.
The story tells about efforts of a family man, a father, in pursuing happiness for
his Son. The father, Chris, tries to fulfill his needs and the needs of his family. He
struggles for his son, the one he loves the most, and he struggles for his dignity to be
accepted among the society. He also struggles for a better living. This portray of Chris
happens to most of people in the world and that is why the writer chooses Chris, as the
main character, to be analyzed.
The writer appreciates the hard working of Chris to fulfill his needs to pursue
happiness in his life, especially for his family. From that case, it leads to the reality that
most of people try to pursue happiness by fulfilling their needs and as what Chris did is
to show his identity in pursuing happiness just like most of people do nowadays.
1.2. Problem Formulation

The problem formulations for this research are:
1. How is the hierarchy of needs revealed in the movie The Pursuit of Happyness?
2. What are the prioritized factors that motivate Chris not to give up in pursuing
happiness?
1.3. Scope and Limitation

The scope will be focusing on the movie The Pursuit of Happiness by Steve
Conrad. It also focuses on the hierarchy needs that Chris must have due to the process
of pursuing happiness in his life. The dialogue and screen shot will help to be the
reference in analysis. The theory that is used is Human Motivation and Hierarchy of
Needs theory by Abraham Maslow. The limitation in this analysis is based on the main
character, Chris.
1.4. Goals and Function

The goals for this research are to answer the problem formulation which means
to find out how the hierarchy of needs from Maslow revealed in the movie from Chris.
The next goal is to show what is the most important factor that motivates Chris pursues
happiness.
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Beside that, there are functions in this research in which to show the readers that
most of human will do an effort to fulfill his needs starting from physiological needs
until self actualization. Another function from this research is to reveal the most
important factor that can be defined as motivation to pursue happiness in life. It tells the
readers how to pursue happiness in life by fulfilling the hierarchy of needs.
RESEARCH METHOD
The method that is used for this research is library research. The writer chooses
fulfillment of human needs as the topic and movie as media that shows same issue with
fulfillment of human needs. The data will be collected from Bina Nusantara
University’s library and internet. The other data are also taken online such as E-book,
journal online and article. After collecting the theory about Human Motivation and
Hierarchy of Needs by Maslow, the writer will apply the data to analysis the character
“Chris” as the main character in order to analyze the hierarchy of needs by Maslow. The
writer will come into conclusion which answers the problem of formulations above. At
the end, the sources which have used will be put into the Bibliography.
DISCUSSION
In this chapter, the writer will apply the theories in Chapter 2 to analyze the
main character, Chris, in the movie Pursuit of Happyness. The analysis will be
conducted by analyzing the hierarchy of needs revealed in main character Chris and it
will be linked to happiness concept in Psychology’s point of view and the letter “Y” in
Pursuit of Happyness.
In fulfillment of needs that is revealed in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, there
are five levels of needs. At least four of the needs that must be fulfilled (physiological
needs, safety needs, love and belonging, self-esteem) and the last level is self
actualization which is called meta-motives. In this chapter, the writer will use Maslow’s
theory to analyze the hierarchy of needs revealed by the main character Chris.
According to the story, Chris lives in San Francisco. He has a son whose name is
Christopher. He lives with his wife Linda in a rented house. He is a father who works to
feed his family. His wife helps him to earn money. Chris’ life is not easy, he has to
divide his time to share with his family and to earn money. Chris is a type of person
who has strong willingness to make his family happy.
Physiological Needs is the lowest level that human must posses because it deals
with satisfying the physical needs without this will cause disease and lack of stamina of
the human if it is not fulfilled well. In Chris’ family, the portion of food changes
according to the changing of the financial situation. The first physiological needs that is
revealed in the story, is when the night he is having dinner with his family. It can be
seen clearly in this picture on the next page:
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Figure 1
The church runs out of room, it makes Chris has to take his son to sleep in
another place. Then, in the subway Chris can fulfill his physiological need by sleeping
inside the train. Queuing and doing internship at once are tiring activity. Moreover, it
has no place left for Chris to stay. Eventhough Chris is in such hard condition; his body
needs to rest to recover the energy. So, no matter in what condition the physiological
needs of sleep becomes primary needs as well that must be fulfilled. From here it can be
said that economy condition also determines the satisfaction of sleep(physiological
needs). It can be seen from picture in the next page:
Figure 7
One day Chris does not get any room left, yet he does not have money to find
shelter to stay. Then he stays in the train over night, it can be seen at figure 6. The next
day, he sells his blood to gain money as picture on figure 7. The money of selling his
blood is used to buy components to repair the last broken scanner which he has lost but
he finds it at the park while taking his son with him. The purpose of repairing this
scanner is to sell it once more to get money, so he could fulfill his physiological needs
in a month. From figure 7, it shows proof than human cannot deny of fulfilling his
physiological needs. It becomes the primary needs of living survival. Once he gets 250
dollars, he moves to a hotel to spend the night. Finally, he can sleep tight and
comfortably when he gets the money. From this, it proves that economy condition
determines the fulfillment of physiological needs.
This scene shows that in urgent cases when Chris is financially low, he has to
sell a element of his body, which is blood. Blood is one of important parts of body in
human. It keeps human alive and without blood human will die. In other words, blood
symbolizes life that has been sold to exchange with the fulfillment of physiological
needs survival. The use of close up shots here signify the strong case that shows the
importance of physiological needs which has to be fulfilled in any situation. In urgent
case like this, sacrifice of selling blood is needed to survive.
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3.1.2 Safety Needs

Chris’ physiological needs are fulfilled well, even though he has to struggle hard
for it. Proving of he fulfills the physiological needs has been explained above. He works
earnestly to fulfill three stages at once. The second stage which is fulfilled are safety
needs. Below will be a dialogue that shows what Chris does to fulfill his safety needs.
Among his fears are losing money or being poor, losing his family, losing his son, and
finally, becomes jobless. Each of these will be discussed further:
Chris lives in a rented house which he has to pay for fee monthly. One of his
fears is loosing his job. Covering the expenses, he has to do sales call by selling the
scanners from one hospital to another hospital. Starting this business by his own had
been a starting move that he made. He is the one who can overcome his fear well
instead of his wife. It can be seen from this dialogue when Chris is having dinner:
Linda : do you pay the taxes?
Chris : No, I’m gonna have to file an extension.
Linda : You already filed an extension
Chris : Yeah, Well, I gotta file another one. That’s… It’s 650$ , I will have it in the next
month.
Linda : That means interest, right? And a penalty?
Chris : Yeah, a little bit. Look, Why don’t you let me do this? All right, just relax, okay?
Come here.. Calm down.
Linda : I have to go back to work! (scene 2, 07:37)
From the dialogue above, It can be seen that Chris tries to make everybody calm
in that situation. He cannot show his fear to his family because he is the one who should
provide protection and makes sure that the whole family is secured because he is afraid
of loosing his family.
3.1.3 Sense of Belonging
The third stage of Maslow’s Hierarchy Needs is sense of belonging. At this
level, it will be explained that Chris will fulfill his need of love and interaction with
people. Struggling hard to fulfill his life’s needs, Chris has one priority in his life, it is
his family. For some circumstances, he puts his family as priority instead of other needs.
Having someone to be loved and protecting someone to make his/her to love
back is not easy. This is what Chris does to fulfill his sense of belonging needs.The
dialogue below shows how he struggles to get his son back while he has quarrel with
Linda:
Chris : Hey! Don’t you ever take my son away from me again! You hear me?
Linda : Leave me alone!
Chris : Don’t take my son away from me again! Do you understand what I’m saying to
you? Don’t you walk away from me when I am talking to you! Do you hear me? Do
you wanna leave?
…
Linda : Yes, I want to leave!
Chris : Get the hell out of here then, Linda! Get the hell out of here! Christopher is
staying with me!
Linda : you are the one who dragged us down! You hear me?
Chris : You are so weak!
Linda : No, I am not happy anymore! I am just not happy!
Chris : Then go get happy, Linda! Just go get happy! But Christopher is living with me!
Did you hear what I said? Christopher is living with me! (scene 8)
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From the dialogue it can be seen that Chris is trying to get his son back and
keeps him always by his side. It shows that sometimes if human is faced with situation
with two options which are really hard to choose one of them, man will choose one that
is more important in his/her life. This case which is shown is the case that a father’s
love that wants to raise his child with all love that he has. This is how Chris shows his
love to Christopher because the one who understands him the most is only his son.
Instead of his wife, who always complains about the matter of life which is unsolvable
that brings bleak, Christopher becomes the only one who loves Chris for who he is not
because of money. Chris always tries to hold his feeling because he still loves his wife
until his wife tries to take away his son from him.
In sense belonging fulfillment, human needs to love and needs to be loved back.
Here, it is found that Chris gets his love back from his son. The dialogue above explains
that Christopher wants to spend his life with his father no matter how the condition of
his father. It symbolizes the pure love of a son to his father.
From all the explanation above, it can be said that Chris has fulfilled his sense of
belonging needs well. This means that he belongs with his son. It can be seen from how
he struggles to get his son back from his wife that shows he loves his son very much,
someone that he cannot lose in his life. It means that Chris finds his son is his true love
and whom that he belongs to. At this third stage which has been fulfilled, now he can
go to the next stage which is the higher needs to be fulfilled, self esteem needs. Chris
also finds a job that he loves, something that he feels he belongs to.
3.1.4 Self Esteem
The fourth need will be shown up if the third level below has been fulfilled well.
Self esteem is the fourth need that is divided into two terms, the self image to others and
self confidence in an individual (Franklin, 2010, p.31). Chris is an African American who
lives in San Francisco is after market crash in 1981. Everyone has to work hard to
survive, so does Chris. Chris’ self esteem will be hard to get because at that time is in
economy crisis.
Chris works in a new environment. At Dean Witter, he experiences so many
things. First, he begins to work in an internship program for 6 months. The competition
is very tight in that internship. For beginner like Chris, he is underestimated for his
skills and abilities. He is asked to do things that is not supposed what he has to do. In
his working environment, it can be said that he is the only African American. His
manager asks him to serve coffee every morning instead of asking others. The
estimation of Chris’ ability in Dean Witter is very low. It can be seen from dialogue
below:
Manager Frankesh : qualified persons are interested in investing and have money to
invest.. Now, Chris.
Chris : Yes, sir.
Manager Frankesh : Would you get me some coffee, please?” (scene 13, 1:02:24)
The dialogue above shows the situation when Chris is serious in learning his
programme. Suddenly, his manager disturbs his concentration by asking him to do
something which is unimportant. It happens all day, in this situation it shows that Chris
is the only one that gets bad treatment of appreciation in his job among other 19 people
who are doing internship as well. It happens because at the beginning the manager sees
that the black inside this office who has no well background education(Chris) will not
be able to pass this internship programme. Here, it is clearly that Chris is
underestimated because of his status and background.
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Even it is explained that Chris is underrated and not appreciated in his working
environment. However, it is different when he meets Mr. Ribbon, the CEO of Pacific
Bells. Chris and Mr. Ribbon are in two different social classes. It can be seen from the
physical material that Mr. Ribbon has and Chris has. It can be told also from this
conversation below:
Mr. Ribbon : Hey, you guys wanna come with us?
Chris : What? To Candlestick?
Mr. Ribbon : We’re going now. Come with us. Where your seats?
Chris : We’ve upper deck.
Mr. Ribbon : We got a box. Come on (scene 15)
The conversation shows that Mr. Ribbon is going to watch football match. He
has very convenient seats, and Chris is welcomed to join him. In Mr. Ribbon’s sight,
even Chris is black and still new in his job, Chris is a good person. He also makes Chris
become one of his friends and introduces Chris to the environment where higher social
class people gather in. Chris is appreciated and welcomed well in that environment. It
can be seen from dialogue below:
Chris : Wow, this is … a.. This is the way to watch a football game here. Thank you
very much for this, really.
Mr. Ribbon : Hey, it’s my pleasure, Chris.
Chris : And, Mr. Ribbon. I also wanna thank you for giving me the opportunity to
discuss the asset management capabilities of Dean Witte which we believe to be far
superior to anything you got going over at Morgen Stanley. Really, I think you’re gonna
be blown away. Point blank, Dean Witter needs to be managing your retirements
portfolio.
Mr. Ribbon : You know Chris, I didn’t have any notion that you were new there. And I
like you, but there is not a chance I’m gonna let you direct our fund. That’s just not
gonna happen anytime soon, buddy. So, you know, come on, relax. Enjoy the game.
Go! Go!” (scene 15, 1:14:00)
This situation explains that Chris gets acclaimed by people well. He is

appreciated well and made out to be respected for all he is doing. He is acclaimed well
for what he is by Mr. Ribbon. Mr. Ribbon does not seek for his incapability, the
reputation and not underestimate him like others did. He makes Chris as a friend of him.
From the explanation above, one conclusion can be taken that self esteem needs can be
determined by the treatment of people to an individual. The way of an individual
creating his/her image in front of people is a really matter of getting people appreciation
because it slightly gives an impression how good a person is then leads to how people
estimate an individual’s capability. Chris has made it out of picturing himself well in
front of Mr. Ribbon and it makes Chris fulfill his needs of self esteem.
3.1.5 Self Actualization
Working hard alone is not enough to reach the top level of being a human. Chris
sells density scanner to cover his financial problems. If Chris does not change his
mindset, he will not be able to be perfectly functional as a human. He has to find out
what he is capable of. After fulfilling the fourth level, he will be able to concern to next
level which is called by self actualization needs.
In this level, Chris will not look for basic needs(physiological, safety, sense and
belongings, self esteem), he will focus on his life’s mission. He does not care with what
others think about him. All he has to do is to complete his goal of life to be what he is
capable of. The sign that shows Chris starts to recognize his potential is when he meets
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people who can be said has developed their potential well. He realizes there is
something missing in him as a human. It can be seen from dialogue below when he
meets a broker driving his luxury car aside:
Chris : whoooo, man, I got two questions for you: what do you do? And how you do it?
Man : I’m a stockbroker
Chris : Stockbroker. Oh, goodness. Had to go to college to be a stockbroker huh?
Man : you don’t have to, have to good with numbers and good with people. That’s it.
Chris : Hey, you take care. I’ll let you hang on my car for the weekend. But I need it
back on Monday.
Man : Feed the meter.
Chris (monologue): I still remember that moment. They all looked so damn happy to
me. Why couldn’t I look like that? (scene 2, 9:40)
The dialogue above shows that Chris is in progress of knowing what his ability
as a human to be what he has to be. He realizes the missing part of his life is to be
someone that to decide what he is destined to be that leads to happiness that becomes
the main factor that motivates him to develop his highest needs. It makes him think of
the way to make him to be in the same level with the people who are walking around
him. It can be seen that to recognize human’s potential is not enough without
developing it to reach peak experiences. In Chris, he feels that he has all the
requirements to be a stockbroker that the man has mentioned. Chris’ living is started to
be a salesman, to work in a major which is not in his potential will not change him to be
a self-actualized person.
The next day he tells his wife that he wants to apply to be a stockbroker, but his
wife does not agree with his decision. Linda thinks that Chris’ decision is ridiculous
because Chris has low background of education, and he cannot even take care of his
family’s finance. Yet Chris does not care about what his wife thinks of. When he arrives
at the office he finds out that to be a broker is not just has to be good in numbers, the
chance of being hired is very low. Besides, it is listed 3 background of education while
Chris does not have any of them. Another obstacle has shown up but he is still so sure
he can do it because he knows that his potential is good at numbers and he wants to
prove that he has a potential as a human as well.
He has signed 31 accounts to his company. It proves well that he has done and
developed his potential well. It does not matter anymore with the result; even Jay shows
sympathy and respect to him. He does not care anymore to what will happen because he
has done the best of him. It can be said the characteristic of an actualized person. Chris
is facing the end of his program. The result which is he is hired by company is the peak
of experience that leads to infinite of happiness. It can be seen from the dialogue below:
Chris : I thought I’d wear a shirt today. You know, being the last day and all.
Mr. Frohm : Well, thank you. Thank you. We appreciate that. But wear one tomorrow
though okay? Because tomorrow is going to be your first day if you’d like to work here
as a broker. Would you like that Chris?
Chris : Yes, sir.
Mr. Frohm : We couldn’t be happier, so welcome. (scene 13, 1:49:47)
It can be seen above that Chris is successful in achieving his goal. It means
happiness will come along if someone is successful in fulfilling his happiness in life. He
can prove to everybody that he is able to stand on the same level happiness and join the
crowd that he found last time who are filled with happiness. The success of signing
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applicants to his company is a way to prove that his potential is conducted in the right
path and his first experiencing of happiness in his life as a way to show happiness of
fulfillment as it is pictured below:
Figure 19
Finally, Chris can feel the same feeling of happiness that he found. It can be said
happiness is not easy to get. It needs sacrifices and hard work to achieve it as what Chris
has done with his life. It can be said that there is only small part in life that can be a true
happiness from what Chris has experienced and it takes time to work it out.
3.2 The word “Y” in the movie Pursuit of Happyness
In the title of movie The Pursuit of Happyness contains a spelling mistake in the
word “happyness”. It is supposed to be written formally with “happiness”, instead of
“happyness”. The writer finds a purpose of writing of word “happyness”, which is the
title wants to emphasize the word “happy” which is an adjective instead of
“happi+ness” which is a noun. That means an adjective is more connected to feeling
rather than a thing/material(noun) that can be get easily. It can be seen from the
quotation of Thomas Jefferson that Chris says in the movie:
Chris : It was right then that I started thinking about Thomas Jefferson, the Declaration
of Independence and the part about the life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. And I
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remember thinking. How did he know to put the “pursuit” part in there? That maybe
happyness is something that we can only pursue and maybe we can actually never have
it. No matter what. How did he know that? (on scene 7, 31:36)
The dialogue above shows more specific meaning of happiness itself. A

happiness is something(noun) that can only be pursued and it has impossibility of
someone to get it because it is a noun. Yet it is different with the word “happyness”
which emphasizes more to “happy”, its adjective that focuses on the state of feeling. It is
not simply meaning of happy, it also contains a noun inside it. The noun “ness”
becomes the elements that support an individual can reach “happyness” in his life.
Another dialogue in the movie that also carries the meaning of a “happyness” can be
seen below:
Chris : It’s written as P-P-Y, but it’s supposed to be an I in “happiness”.
Christopher : Is it an adjective?
Chris : No, actually it’s a noun. But it’s not spell right. (on scene 4, 16:45)
Chris at this point still sees a simple way of happiness. The letter “I” refers to an
Individual who is looking for happiness/simple happiness, it can be happiness as
material. However, what the writer tries to deliver meaning of real happiness
(“happyness”) is not as simple as Chris thinks about. The letter “Y” which has referred
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to an adjective can be interpreted in a different way. To spell the letter written Y/to read
it “why” means reasons in getting actual happiness. Then it comes to a question, Why do
I need to pursue happiness?
From the analysis above, it can be seen from the elements which support an
individual can reach a “happyness” in an individual’s life, it can be dragged a line that
says the reason of “Y” is connected to elements of suffix of noun “ness” in
“happyness”. In other words, “happyness” can show another way of understanding to
the letter “Y”. It tells about why an individual can get a “happyness” that Chris thinks it
is impossible to have it. The reason of why and how to pursue of “happyness” can be
seen from the fulfillment that Chris has done until the very top level of fulfillment. It
can be said that Self Actualization becomes the key point of pursuing happiness in life.
From the explanation above, it can be seen that Chris’ happiness is not simple happiness
that other people are pursuing. It is not like his wife who is pursuing happiness of
money. It is not like pursuing happiness just for pleasure but Chris’ happiness is more
than that. The happiness that Chris tries to get is a happiness of fulfillment of being a
perfectly functional as a human nature.
CONCLUSION
Based on the analysis on chapter 3, it can be concluded that this movie tells
about the effort of an African American in 1980s named Chris Gardner to pursue his
happiness. Although Chris Gardner lives in poverty and has low background of
education, he does not stop of pursuing his happiness. His view of happiness is
definitely different from others’ happiness. While others assume money is the key to get
happiness, Chris thinks approval of human nature for his true ability is the key to get
happiness.
Chris’ goal is not easy to be achieved. He has to fulfill five levels of needs that
become the factors before he reaches to the highest level of needs that leads to peak
experience of happiness. The first need is physiological needs, the needs of water, food,
sleep and warmth to survive in living. The fulfillment of this need must be fulfilled even
sometimes in urgent case it takes sacrifice to fulfill it. After fulfilling the first, then
Chris can go to fulfill the next level. A human cannot ignore the lower needs and let it
not be fulfilled then get to the higher needs. It has to be fulfilled level per level.
The second level of need is safety needs; he has to have a job security to create
stability in his life and has to be able to overcome his fear. He works as a salesman to
provide the job security and is always able to solve any threats come to his life. The
third stage is sense of belonging or can be said one of prioritized factor that keeps
motivating Chris not to give up in pursuing happiness in his life. His son, Christopher is
the one who is faithful and stays with him in all conditions even in the worst condition
in his life. He puts his family becomes the priority in his life that becomes one of two
biggest motivations to pursue his happiness. His wife left him because she cannot lives
in poverty that means she seeks for happiness of money, unlike type of happiness that
Chris seeks.
Fulfilling the third level, he moves to fourth level which is higher than three
levels before, it is self esteem needs. Living as an African American gives a bad
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impression in society and tends to be underrated among the society. When he joins
Dean Witter in a internship, he is treated different unlike the others. The manager office
underestimates his ability and skills but it is different with Mr. Ribbon. Chris fulfills his
self esteem needs because he can place himself well and not let others see him by his
status and reputation. Mr. Ribbon appreciates him for who Chris is unlike his manager
who still estimates Chris as an African American that has lower background of
education and skills.
Chris’ definition of happiness is not simple as what his wife and others define.
Chris’ way to pursue happiness is different as well. In order to reach happiness of
fulfillment, he has to fulfill five level of needs which the self actualization is the highest
level that becomes the key of happiness. He figures out what his potential is and applies
it well in Dean Witter. Being hired is the proof that he has been successful in actualizing
his potential. Happiness that Chris experiences is feeling of a success of actualizing an
individual’s potential that leads to peak of experience. Self Actualization can be said as
the first biggest factor that makes Chris feels the happiness that he looked for.
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Happiness Revealed Through Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in The Pursuit of Happyness (2006) Directed by Steve Conrad

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Happiness Revealed Through Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in The Pursuit of Happyness (2006) Directed by Steve Conrad

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22/05/2019 HAPPINESS REVEALED THROUGH MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS IN THE PURSUIT OF HAPPYNESS (2006) DIRECTE…

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HAPPINESS REVEALED THROUGH

PARAMITA AYUNINGTYAS, S.HUM., M.HUM

Keywords : Hierarchy of needs, fulfillment of happiness, film analysis, characters and

1.2. Problem Formulation

1.3. Scope and Limitation

1.4. Goals and Function

3.1.2 Safety Needs

This situation explains that Chris gets acclaimed by people well. He is

The dialogue above shows more specific meaning of happiness itself. A

Franklin, S. S. (2010). Psychology of Happiness: A Good Human Life. New York:

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