326

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abbasi, S.A. 1993. Word’s worst weeds. IBD, Dehradun (India).

Abraham, V. & K. Subramanyam 1965. Studies on seeds of various taxa of
Utricularia occurring in West Bengal. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. B 62:97-
102 "

Adlakha, P.A., A.K. Srivastava, S.S. Sirohi & V.K. Sharma 1971. Weed
flora of Ludhiana. Ind. J. Weeds Sci. 3: 37-44

Agarwal, R.L. 1980. Seed technology, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New
Delhi

Agrawal, S.P. & O.P. Singh 1971. All about weeds. Atul Pub. House. Arawli
(Aligarh) U.P.

Agriculture Handbook 366, 1970. Selected weeds of United States. USDA,

ARS, USGPO. Washington.

Akobundu I.O. & C.W. Agyakwa 1987. A Handbook of West Africa Weeds.
Intemaional Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan.

Alex, J.F. 1966. Survey of weeds of cultivated land in the prairie provinces.
Exp. Farm, Res. Branch, Canada Department of Agriculture Regina,
Saskatchewan SK.
/
Ali, Masood, 1992. Zaleeds are a great threat to Kharif pulses. Indian
Farming. Aug, 27-29

Aim, D.M., Stoller, E.W. & Wax, L.M. 1993. An index model for predicting
Seed germination and emeregence. Weed Tech. 7: 560-569

Amalraj, V.A. 1984. Studies on seed imbibition and germination in Cassia

angustifolia Vahl. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 5(2): 283-284.
Amalray,V.A. 1986. Germination studies of Tephrosia: T. villosa (L.) Pers.
and T. falciformis Ramaswami. Ind. J. Bot. 9(1): 57-59

Anderson, D. 1961. Taxonomy and distribution of Phalaris. Iowa State

College. Jouranal of Science 36:1-96

Annomymous 2004. It’s a pogrom out there. Down to Earth, Feb 29, pp27-
34.
Anonymous 1986. The useful plants of India. PID, CSIR, N. Delhi.
 327

Arachi, J.X. 1978. Weeds- A monograph of weeds of Tamilnadu. Palms-

Publication, Trinnelveli.
Amott, H.J. 1962. The seed germination and seedling of Yucca. Univ. Calif.
Publ. Bot. 35: 1-164
Augustine, Jomy 2001. Exotic plants of Sabarimala and surrounding
evergreen forests, Kerala. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 25(3): 591-593

Augustine, K.T. 2000. The seedling morphology of Tephrosia pcupurea (L.)

Pers., T. maxima (L.) Pers, T. pumila (Lam) and T. villosa (L.) Pers.
from Thumba Kerla. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 24(1) : 243-250

Augustine, K.T. 2004. Seedling morphology of Acacia holosericea A. Cunn.

Ex. G. Don. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 28(1): 104-109

Austin, D. & G. Staples III. 1980. Xenostegia tridenta, new genus, new
combination of Convolvulaceae. Brittonia 32: 533-536.

Babu, C.R. 1977. Herbaceous Flora of Dehradun PID. CSIR, New Delhi.

Babu, G.J., V. Pushpalatha & K.C. Naidu 1994. Weed flora of Khammam
District in Andhra Pradesh, India. Phytologia 76: 461-464

Bahadur, B. & S.M. Farooquri 1983. The taxonomic significance of seed and
seed coat (LM and SEM) characters in six species of Nigella
(Ranunculaceae). Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. B92: 429-435

Bajpai, Usha, K. Ambwani & D.C. Saini 2003. SEM studies in the fruit
morphology of the genus Cyperus (Cyperaceae). Phytomorphology
53(2): 113-122.

Baker, H.G. 1965. Characteristics and modes of origin of weeds, pp. 147-
168. In: H.G. Baker & G.H. Stebbins (Eds.), The Genetics of
colonizing species. Academic press, N.Y.

Bandhopadhya, A.K. 1972. Weed flora of cultivated lands in Punjab-Maiz

fields in Patiala district. Acta. Bot. Indica 2: 136-141
Bandyopadhayay, S. 2002. Seedling Morphology of Bauhinea fovedata
Dalz. (Legumi.: Caesalpiniodeae) J. Bomb. nat. His. Soc. 99 (3): 551-
533

Banerjee G. & A. Mukherjee 2001. Seedling morphology of a common

medicinal weed Trienthema portulacastrum L. Phytomorphology
51(2): 181-184
 328

Bansal, G.L. & C.M. Singh, 1984. Germination, growth and development of
three grassy weeds of wheat. Ind. J. Weed Sci. 16(2): 121-123

Baquerel, P. 1932. The germination of seeds. Pergamon Press, London.

Barthlott, W. 1981. Epidermal and seed surface characters of plants:

Systematic applicability and some evolutionary aspects. Nord J. Bot.
1:345-355.

Barton, L. V. 1962. The germination of weed seeds. Weeds 10: 174-182.

Barton, L. V. 1967. Bibliography of Seeds. Columbia University Press, New

York.

Bellue, M. 1945-1946. Weed seed Hand book. Calif. Dept. Arg. Buis. 34-35.

Berggram, G. 1969. Atalas of seeds, Part 2: Cyperaceae. Swed. Nat. Sci.

Res. Cone. Stockholve.

Beuret, E. & J. Caputa, 1986. Weeds of cultivated crops- Alopecurus

myosuroides Hudson. Renee Suisse de viticulture, d’Arboriculture et
al’ Horticulture 18(5): 280-281.

Bhan V. M., V. P. Singh, Sushil Kumar & Anil Dixit, 1998: Weed
Management, In: Fifty years of Agronomic Research in India (Eds.)
R.L. Yadav, Punjab Singh, Rajendra Prasad & I.P.S. Ahlawat. Indian
Society of Agronomy. IARI, New Delhi: pp. 155-192

Bhat, Gopalkrishna & C. R. Nagandran 2001. Sedges and Grasses (Dakshina

Kannada and Udupi District). Bishen Singh. Mahendra Pal Singh,
Dehradun.

Bhattacharya P. K. & Krishnendu Sarkar 1998. Flora of west champaran

District, Bihar. Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. Kolkata.

Bhattacharya, A. & G. G. Maiti 1978. Seed Morphology of Indian Cleome

(Linn.) DC. (Cleomaceae) Bull. bot. Soc. Beng. 32: 23-30.

Bhattacharya, A. & P.K. Saha, 1992. SEM studies on the morphological

diversities in the seeds of Cassia tora L. Seed Sci. Tech. 20(1 ):85-91.

Bhattacharya, G. 1995. Studies on weed flora of Saurashtra, Gujarat. J. Econ.

Taxon. Bot. 19(2): 371-383.
 329

Bhattacharyya, G. & S. M. Pandya 1996. A Synoptic account of the weeds

and way-side plants of Eastern Bhutan. J. Ind. Bot. Soc. 75: 49-51.

Bir, S. S. & M. Sidhu 197#. Weed flora of cultivable lands in Punjab maize
field in Patiala district. Acta. bot. Indica 3(2): 136-141.

Bir, S. S. & M. Sidhu, 1975. Observations on the weed flora of cultivable

lands in Punjab Paddy fields in Patiala District.Geobios 1(6): 156-159.

Birch, W. R. 1957. The seedling and germination of some Kenya weeds. J.

Ecol. 45. 85-92.
Biswas, K. 1984. Some foreign weeds and their distribution in India and
Bhutan. Ind. For. 60: 861-865.

Blackman, G. E. & W. G. Templeman. 1938. The nature of the competition

between cereal crops and annual weeds. J. Agr. Sci. 28: 247-271.

Blake, A. M. 1928. Achenes of some Compositae. M. Dak. Agr. Exp. Stat.

Bull. 48. 1

Bleasdale, J.K.A. 1960. Studies on plant competition, pp. 133-142. in J.L.

Harper (ed.) the biology of weeds. Blackwell, Oxford.

Bose, R. B. & H. S. Pandey 1969. Studies on the cultivated flora of

Allahabad I. Few popular winter ornamental annuals. Allahabad Farm.
43:339-346.

Bose, R. B. & H. S. Pandey 1971. Studies on cultivated flora of Allahabad

II. Allahabad Farm. 44: 407-417.

Bovi, M. L. A. & M. Cardoso 1976b. Germination of tAcaizeira‘ seeds.

Bragantia 35: XCI-XCVI.

Boyd, L. 1932. Monocotylous Seedlings: Morphological studies in the

Postseminal development of the embryo. Trans. Proc. Bot. Soc.
Edinburg 31: 224.

Bradbeer, J. W. 1988. Seed dormancy and germination. Chapman and Hall,

New York.

Brenchley, W. E. 1920. Weeds of Farm land. Longmans, London.

Browning, J., K.D. Gordon-Gray, & S.G. Smith. 1995. Achene structure and
taxonomy of North American Bulboschoenus (Cyperaceae). Brittonia
47 (4): 433-445.
 330

Bruhl, P. 1908. Recent plant immigrants. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 11(4): 603-
656.
Burger, H. D. 1972. Seedlings of some tropical Trees & shrubs mainly of
South-east Asia. pp. 339. Int. Book Distributors, Dehradun.

Burggram, G. 1962. Review on taxonomy of some species of Genus

Brassica, based on their seeds. Sr. Bot. Tidsku. 56-57.

Canne, J.M. 1983. The taxonomic significance of seedling morphology in

Agalinis (Scrophulariaceae) Can J. Bot. 61: 1868-1874

Carnegie, H.M. 1974. A Survey of dicotyledonous weeds in spring sown

seeds in north east Scotland- Bristish crop protection council
monograph. Weed research. No. 10: 106-114.

Carr, G.W. 1995. Exotic flora of Victoria and its impact on indigeneous
biota. In: Foreman, D.B. and Walsh, N.G. (eds.) Flora of Victoria,
Vol. I pp. 256-297. Inkata Press, Melbourne.

Castilleja, G. 1988. Seed germination and seedling establishment in tropical

dry forest. TRI News 5: 4-6

Chai, D.N.P. 1973. A note on Parashorea tomentella (Uratmata beledu) seed

and its germination. Maay For. 36: 202-204

Chakravarty, A.K. 1957. Weed flora of Paddy fields of West Bengal. Indian
Agric. 1: 19-25.

Chakravarty, A.K. 1982. Weed flora of the District 24-Pargana, W. Bengal

Indian Agric. 6: 89-213

Chakrawarti, S.C. 1996. Certain observations on the germination of

immature weed seeds. Proc. 2nd All India weed control seminar held
Feb. 14-17, at HAU, Hissar (India) 38.

Chancellor R.J., 1959. The identification of weed seedlings of form and

garden. Blackwell Scientific publications, Oxford.

Chancellor, R.J. 1968. Identification of seedlings of common weeds. Min.

Agr. Fish Food London Bull. 179, 1.

Chaudhari, R.L. 1971. Studies on paddy crop weeds of Basti and adjacent
Nepal. Oryza 8(2): 63-70

Chaudhari, R.P. & K.K. Shrestha 1981. Weed flora of Kirtipur area
(Kathmandu Valley). J. Nat. Hist. Mus. 5(1): 37-48
 331

Chaudhary R.L. 1968. Ecological Survey of weed flora of wheat crop of

Basti and adjacent Nepal. Science and Culture, 34: 359-361
Chaudhary, I.P. & H.S. Narayana 1978. Studies on the development and
structure of seed in the Caryophyllaceae I. Spergula arvensis L., J.
Ind. Bot. Soc. 57: 46-52

Chaung, T.I. & Heckard, L.R. 1972. Seed coat morphology in Cordylanthus
(Scrophulariaceae) and its taxonomic significance. Am. J. Bot. 59.
258-265.
Chepil, W.S. 1946. Germination of weed seeds. Sci. Agr. 26: 307-346

Chozin, M.A., K. Sato & S. Yasuda 1994. Numerical Taxonomic study in

annual cyperaceous weeds. Bull. Res. Inst. Bioresources, Okayamma
University 2(1): 123-134

Chung, T.I. & Omduff, R. 1992. Seed morphology and systematics of

Menyanthacae. Am. J. Bot. 79: 1396-1404

Clarke, C.B. 1893 & 1894. Cyperaceae in J.D. Hooker, Flora of Bristish
India 6: 585-672. London.

Clifford, H.T., R.W. Rogens & M.E. Dettmann 1990. Where now for
taxonomy. Nature vol 346: 16 pp 602.

Clout, M., & S.Lowe & IUCN/SSC Invasive species species specialist group
1996. Draft. IUCN guidelines for the preservation of Biodiversity loss
due to Biological Invasion, pp 45.

Coblentz, B.E. 1990. Exotic organisms: A dilemma for conservation biology.

Conservation Biology 4: 261-265

Compton, R.H. 1912. An investigation on the seedling structure in the

leguminosae. J. Linn. Soc. London, Botany, 41: 122

Cook, C.D.K. 1996. Aquatic and Wetland plants of India. Oxford University
Press, N.Y.

Copelcend, L.P. 1976. Principles of seed Science and Technology, Burgens

publishing company, Minneopoli Minnesata.

Comer, E.J.H. 1951. The leguminous seeds. Phytomorphology 1: 17-150.

Comer, E.J.H. 1976. The seeds of Dicotyledons. Vols. I and II. Cambridge
University Press, London.
 332

Cowan, R.S. 1981. Caesalpinieae in Polhill, R.M. Raven, P.H. (Eds.) Recent
Advances in Legume systematics. Royal Botanic Gardens, kew.
Crocker, W. 1907. Germination of seeds of water plants. Bot. Gaz. 44: 375-
380.
Cross, H. 1931. Laboratory germination of weed seeds. Assoc, off. Seed
Anal. No. Amer. Proc. 125-128
Dangol, D.R. 1992. A review of weeds of Maize fields in Nepal. J. Econ.
Taxon. Bot. 16(2) 489-500
Dangol, D.R., S.B. Gurung, I. Bhattarai & N.K. Chaudhary 1987. Survey of
weeds of crop area of Rampur and its vicinity, Chitwan (Nepal). A
research report submitted to Research Committee, Institute of Agri.
and Animal Sci. (IAAS) Rampur Chitwan, Nepal.
Dar, G.H. & P. Kachroo & U. Dhar 1983. Weed flora of cultivated fields of
Srinagar Kashmir. Trop. Plant Sci. Res. 1: 167-174
vDas, Ajit 2005. Transgenic plants: An emerging approach for pest
management. Everyman’s Science XXXX(l): 15-22
Das, A.P. 2002. Survey of Naturalistic Exotics in the flora of Darjiling Hills,
W. Bengal (India)
Das, D.C. 1996. Seedling morphology of some Indian leguminosae with
reference to taxonomy. Ph.D. Thesis, Uni. of Calcutta, India.
Das, D.C. & N.D. Paria 1999. Seedling morphology in identification of some
Indian species of Bauhinia L. (Caesalpiniaceae). Feedes Report.
110(5-6): 375-379
Das Gupta, Syamati. 1978. Weed seeds in marketed wheat and their
identification. Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 20: 69-71
Das S., S.K. Mitra & K.K. Mukherjee 1995. SEM studies on seed coat of
some species of Ipomia (Convolvulacea). Phytomorphology 45: (1&2)
113-125
Dastgheib, F. Y. Shojaee, F. Termeh, 1988. Weed flora and their effect on
rain-fed wheat in Fars Province, Iran. Iran Agricultural Research 7(1):
39-51.
Datta, S.C. & A.K. Banerjee 1975. Seed morphology: An aid to taxonomy of
rice field weeds. Bull. bot. Soc. Bengal. 29:83-95.
Datta, S.C. & H. L. Chakarvarty, 1983. Survey of weed flora and associated
weeds with jute crops, of Lembucherra From in Tripura. J.'Weed. Sci.
15(1): 94-100
 333

Datta, S.C. & H.L. Chakravarty 1962. Germination studies on the seeds of
Citrullus. Indian Agr. 6: 220
Datta, S.C. & O. Bhupal 1968. Seed morphology of weeds of rice fields.
Proc. 55th Sc. Cong. Ill: 336

Datta, S.C. 1965. Germination of seeds of two arid zone species. Bull. hot.
Soc. Beng. 19(2): 51-53

Davis, P.H. & V. H. Heywood, 1963. Principles of Angiosperm Taxonomy.

Oliver & Boyd. Edinbreg. 1963.

De la Cruz, R. 1974. Weed seedling emergence depths under field

conditions. Ph.D. Dissertation. Iowa State Univ. Amer. IA.

De Wit, H. C. D. 1955. A. revision of the genus Cassia (Caesal) as occusring

in Malaysia, Webbia 11: 197-292.

De, G.C. & S. K. Mukhopadhyay 1984. Weed flora in sub-humid lateric belt
of West Bengal, India.
vDcCg.C. 1995. Fundamentals of agronomy. Oxford and IBH publishing Co.
Pub. Ltd. Delhi.

Delonit, Richard 1970. Illustrated Taxonomy manual of weed seeds,

Wisconsin Pub. London.

Deshwar, N.S. 1988. Studies on the weed flora of sugarcane and its mixed
crops in western U.P. Ph.D. Thesis. Meerut Univ. Meerut. India.

Devi, L.G., N. N. Potty, C.T. Abraham, & G. Thomas, 1995. The weedflora
in sugarcane fields of Palghat District. J. Trop. Agri. 31(1): 137-139

Dhakre, J.S. & A.K. Sharma 1998. Flora of Agra BSI Calcutta.

Diaz poinomes, D.M., G. Aguilar, S. Garcia-Lara, J. Marquer 1998.

Comparision of germination and establishment in seedlings of I.
purpurea and I. xleuecontha Phyton 63: 221-235.

Dixit, S.N., B.S. Tripathi & T.N. Srivastava 1968. Weed flora of paddy crop
at Gorakhpur. Oryza 5: 34-55

Dixit, S.N., S.P. Verma & T.N. Srivastava. 1966. Additions to the rainy
season weeds of Gorakhpur. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. Ind. 36: 149-156

Dobroo, V.N. Khotor, 1961. Seeds of weed plants. Agriculture Literature,

Moscow.
 334

Douglas, R. 1965. The weed flora of chemically renewed low laud swards. J.
Brit. Grassl. Soc. 20: 91-100.

Dube, V.P. & V.P. Singhal 1978. Studies on the weed flora of Modinagar. I.
Jower fileds. Acta. Bot. Indica 6: 114-117.

Duffus, C. & C. Slaughter 1980. Seeds and their uses. John Wiley and Sons
Ltd., New York.

Duke, J.A. 1965a. Keys for the identification of seedlings of some prominent
woody species in eight forest types in pure to Riv. Ann. Missouri Bot.
Gard. 32:314-350.

Duke, J.A. 1969c. On tropical tree Seedlings I. Seeds Seedling symptoms

and systematics. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56(2) 125-161

Duthie, J. F. 1903-1929: Flora of the Upper Gangetic plain and of the

Adjacent Siwalik and sub-Himalayan Tracts. Calcutta, 2 Vols.

Dutta, P.C. & R.K. Maity 1963. Paddy field weeds of Midnapore District.
Ind. Agric. 7: 147-165

Eames, A.J. 1961. Morphology of Angiosperms. Me Graw-Hill Book. Co.,

New York.

Earle, F.R. & Q. Jones 1962. Analysis of seed samples from 113 plant
families. Econ. Bot. 16:221-260

Edwards-Jones, G. 1993. Knowledge based systems for corp protection-

Theory and Practice. Crop. prot. 12: 565-577

Egunjobi, J.K. 1969. Some common weeds of western Nigeria. Bull. Res.
Div. Min. Agr. Nat. Resources, Western State, Nigeria.

Ellis, R.H. 1992. Seed and seedling vigour in relation to crop growth and
yield. Plant Growth Regulation 11: 249-255

Ervio, L.R. 1984. Occurrence of grass weeds in crops. Nordisk Jordburgs

...Forskning 66(2): 164.
X
VEtheridge, D.E., R.T. Ervin, C.M. Hamilton, J.W. Keeling & J.R. Abernathy
1990. Economic weed control in high plains cotton. J. Prod. Agric. 3:
246-252
 335

Evenari, M. 1956. Seed germination. Radiation Biology. Vol. 3, Me Graw

Hill, New York.
Faroqui, S.M. & Bir Bahadur 1985. Studies on seed morphology (LM and
SEM) of American Nicotiana L. (Solanaceae). Ind. J. Bot. 8(2): 191-
197
Femki, T. De vries. 1991. Chufa (Cyperus esculentus, Cyperaceae): A weedy
cultivar or a cultivated weed. Economic Botany 45(1): 27-37

Finot, S.V.L. 1997. A study on the weed flora of the province of Nuble,
Chile. Agro-Ciencia 13(2): 203-216

Firie, N.W. 1970. Weeds are not all bad,Ceres? FAO review 3(4): 4

Fong, C.H. 1969. Agriculture and Horticulture seeds in Malaysia college of

agriculture, Malaya.

Forcella F. 1992. Prediction of weed seedling densities from buried seed

reserves. Weed Res. 32. 29-38

Forcella, F., R.P. Singh, S.M. Suiton, D.D. Buhler & J.L. Gunsalus. 1996.
Multi-year validation of a decision aid for integrated weed
magagement in row crops. Weed sci. 44: 650-661.

Freeman, O.L. 1961. Seeds: Year book, Agric USDA, Washington, D.C.

Gibbs, L.S. 1907. Notes on the development and structure of seed in the
Alsinoideae. Ann. Bot. 21: 25-55

Gill, D. & P.L. Marks. 1991. Trees and shrub seedling colonization of old
fields in central New York. Ecological Monographs 6: 183-205

Gill, G.S., K.S. Sandhu & T. Singh 1984. Weeds flora in kharif crops of the
Ludhiana, Ferozpur and Faridkot districts of Punjab. Ind. J. Weed Sci.
16: 36-46.

Govindappa, D. Arekal & G.R. Shivamurhty 1976. Seed germination in

Balanophora abbreviata Phytomorphology, 26:135-138

Graf, A.B. 1973. Exotic pictorial cyclopedia of exotic plants. Rutherford.

Gray, A. 1877. The germination of the genus Megar riha. Torr. Am. J. Sci.
Arts. Ser. 3,14: 79-84.

Grime, J.P. ' . :1981. A comparative study of germination characteristics

in a local flora. J. Ecol. 69: 1017-1059.
 336

Groth, D. 1998. Morphological characterization of four weed seeds of

Ipomea L. Revista Brasleira de Samentes 2a (1) 75-79. Brasilia, Brazil

Gunn, C.R. 1971b. Seeds of the tribe Vicieae (Leguminosae) in N. American

Agriculture 60: 48

Gunn, C.R. 1970b. Key and diagrams for seeds of one hundred species of
Vicia (Leguminosae). Proc. Jut. Seed Test. Tss. 35: 773

Gunn, C.R. 1970c. Seeds of United States noxious and common weeds in
Comeolcelaceae excluding genus Cuscuta. Proc. Ass. off Seed Anal
59:101

Gunn, C.R. 1971a. Seeds of native and naturalized vetches of N. America

U.S.Dept. Agr. Agr. Handbook, 392: 1

Gupta, O. P. 1998. Modem weed management. Agro Botanica, Bikaner.

Gupta, O.P. & P.S. Lamba 1978. Modem weed science in tropics and
subtropics. Today and Tomorrow’s Printers and Publishers, N. Delhi

Gupta, R.K. & R.K. Mittal 1983. Bibliography of Indian weeds. Associated
Publishing company, N. Delhi.

Gutterman, Y. 1993. Seed germination in desert plants. Springer Verlag,

Berlin.

Gutterman, Y., A. Witztum, & M. Evenari 1967. Seed dispersal and

Germination in Blepharis persia (Bum.) Kuntze. Isreal J. Bot. 16: 213-
34

Hajlinger, E. & H. Scholz. 1980. Grass weeds 1-weeds of sub-family

Panicoideae, 123-134. Ciba-Gieigy, Basle, Switzerland.

Halimie, M.A., M.R. Ahmad, M.A. Shaikh, 1994. Survey of weed flora of
sugarcane crop in Faisalabad district. Pakistan Sugar Journal 8(4): 7-
10

Halm, L.G. 1971. The role of weeds in human affairs. Weed Sci. 19: 485-
490.

Haridarsan, V.K. & P.K. Mukherjee 1987. Seed surface features of some
members of the Indian Companlacae. Phytomorphology 37(4) 277-
285

Hariharan, G.N. & P. Balaji 2002. Taxonomic research in India: Future

Prospects. Curr. Sci. 83(9): 1068-1070.
 337
Harper, J.L. 1960. The biology of weeds. Blackwell Scientific Publications,
Oxford.

Harper, J.L., P.H. Lovell & K.G. Morre. 1970. The shape and size of seeds
Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1: 327-356.

Hauser, E.W. 1971. Nutsedge: A worldwide plague. Weeds Today 2: 21-23.

Henson, I.E. 1970. Studies on the germination of perennial weeds in the

glasshouse. II Tropical species tech. Rep. W.R.O. 14: pp 40.

Heywood, V.H. 1995. Global Biodiversity Assessment, published for the

United Nations Environment Programm by Cambridge University
Press.

Heywood, V.H. & R. Watson 1995. Technical Report, systematics Agenda

2000, 1994: For details see Global Biodiversity Assessment.
Cambridge Uni. press, Cambridge.

Hickey, L.J. 1975. Classification of architecture of dicotyledonous leaves.

Am. J. Bot. 60.: 17-33.

Hilbig, W. 1994. The weedy occurrence of Bulboschoenus maritimus (L.)

Palla. Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 64: 81-85.

Hill, S. 1982. A monograph of the genus Malvestrum A. Gray (Malvceae:

Malveae). Rhodora 84: 1-83.

Hofmeyer, J. 1921. A note on the germination of the seed of Elephantorrhiza

burchellis. Bth. S. Aff. J. Nat. Hist. 3: 215-218.

Holm, L.G., D.L. Pulcknett., J.V. Pancho & J.P. Herberger 1977. The
world’s worst weeds. Distribtion and Biology. The University Press of
Hawaii, Honolulu.

Holm, L.G., L.W. Weldon, & R.D. Blackburn 1971. Aquatic weeds in
Detwyler, Man’s impact on the Environment. Me Graw-Hill,
Cambridge.

Hooker, J.D. 1875-1892. The Flora of British India (reprint editions),

London. Vols I to VII.
Hooker, J.D. 1907. A sketch of the flora of British India. Imp. Gagtteer,
London.
Hosikawa, L. 1969. Underground organs of the seedling and the systematics
of Graminae. Bot. Gaz. 130: 192-203.
 338

Hussain, H.S.N. & Y.Y. Karatela, 1989. Weed flora of Kana and its
environs. Nigerian Journal of Weed Science 2(1-2): 1-7.

Hussey, G.J. Keighery, R.D. Cousens, J. Dodd & S.G. Lloyd 1997.
Western weeds a guide to the weeds of western Australia. The plant
protection society of Western Australia: Victoria Park.

Hyder, D.N., A.C. Everson & R.E. Bement. 1971. Seedling morphology and
seedling failure blue grama. J. Range management 24: 287-282.

INSA. 1966. International rules for seed testing. Proc. Intern. Seed Test.
Asso. 31:1-152.

International Seed Testing Association 1976. International rules for seed

testing. Seed Science and Technology 4: 180

Irwin, H.S. 1964. Monographic studies in Cassia (Leguminosae-Caesalpini-

oideae)-I. Section. Xerocalyx. Mem. New York. Bot. Gard. 12(1): 1-
106.

Irwin, H.S. and R.C. Bameby 1978. Monographic studies in Cassia

(Leguminosae-Caesalpinioidea) IEL Section Absus and Grimaldia.
Mem. New York. Bot. Grad. 16: 71-120.

Irwin, H.S. and R.C. Bameby 1981. Tribe Casseiae Bronn. In polhill, R.M.
and Raver, P.H. (Eds.) Recent Advances in Legume Systematics, pt 1:
97-106. Royal Botanic Garden, Kew.

Irwin, H.S. and R.C. Bameby 1982. The American Cassiinae. A Synoptical
revision of Leguminosae tribe casseiae sub tribe Cassiinae in the New
World. Mem. New York. Bot. Grad. 35: 1-918.

Irwin, H.S. and D.J. Rogers, 1967. Monographic studies in Cassia

(Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae). II. A taximetric study of section
Apovcouita. Mem. New York. Bot. Grad. 16: 71-120.

Isley, D. 1949. Seeds of Iowa noxious weeds. Agric. Expt. Stn. Iowa state
college. Amer. Iowa Bull. No. 429.

Isley, D. 1952. Seed Analysis 163 pages, Amer: Iowa states college Book
Store, USA
Isley, D. 1992. Seed Analysis 163 pages, Amer. Iowa state college Book
Store, USA.
Isley, D. 1995a. Observations on seeds of Leguminosae; Mimosoideae and
Caesalpinioiceae. Joum. Acad. Sci. 62:142.
 339
Ismail, B.S., A. Tasrif, S.S. Sastrourtomo & A. Latiff 1995. Weed seed
populations in rubber and oil palm plantations with legum cover crops.
PI. Protect. Quart. 10: 20-23.

Jafffey, C. 1968. An introduction to Plant Taxonomy. Cambridge Univ.

Press, ambridge.

Jagtap, A.P., Rajul Murgikar, Suresh Jagtap & R.D. Kshirsagar 2004. The
seed bank studies in Western Ghats of Maharastra state, India. J. Econ.
Taxon. Bot. 28(4): 835-866.

Jain S.K. & B.K. Verma 1988. Studies on the sedges of Mirzapur Dist.
(U.P.) Ind. J. For. 11: 110-120

Jain, S. P. & N. B. Singh 1982. Weeds of Paddy, wheat and sugarcane fields
of Kurukshetra district in Haryana. The Botanique 10 (1-4); 15-18.

Jain, S.K. & P. Saran, 1961. Observations on the economic importance of

some common weeds around Allahabad. Allahabad Farm. 35:174-186.

Jain, S.K. 1983. Flora and Vegetation of India- An outline. BSI, Howrah.

Jain, S.K. 1995. In Recent advances in Taxonomy (eds Sharma. S. and

Sharma, K.) Surbhi Publication. Jaipur pp. 1-9.

Jain, S.P. 1980. Indroduced weeds in the vegetation of North-East Haryana.

Bull. Bot. Univ. Saugor 27:46-56

Jain, S.P., D.M. Verma, J.S. Singh & Sushil Kumar 2000. Flora of Haryana.
Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Lucknow.

Johnson, D. A. 1986. Seed and seedling relations of crested wheat grass: a

review pp. 65-90. In: K. L. Johnson (ed.) Crested Wheat grass: Its
values, Problems and Myths, Symposium Proceedings, Utah State
Unive. Logan.

Kachroo, P. & M. A. Hakeem 1993. Weeds of Tehsil Handwara (Dist.

Kupwara, Kashmir). J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 17 (2): 251-259.

Kaleem, M. & S. J. Ali. 1979 Weeds of Paddy crops at Faizabad. J. Ind. Bot.
Soc. 58 (Suppl.): 70.

Kamilya, P. & N. Paria 1993. Seedling morphology of some members of the

Polygonaceae and its taxonomic implication. Rheedia 3: 29-34.
 340

Kamilya, P. and Paria, N. 1997. Seedling taxonomy of some members of the

tribe Acalyphae (Euphorbiaceae). J. Ind. Bot. Soc. 76: 63-68.

Kanodia, K. C. & R. K. Gupta 1972. Common weeds of kharif crops of

Western Rajasthan India. J. Weed Sci. 4 (1): 41-58.

Karam, M. F. 1997. Scanning Electron Microscope studies of seeds

characters in Trifolium L. Fabaceae. Phytomorphology 47(1) 51-58.

Kashyap, S. R. 1924. Notes on some foreign plants which have recently

established themselves about Lahore. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 3: 68-71.

Kaul, Ashok. 1972. Studies on seed germination of Alternanthera pungens

H.B.K. in relation to its success in nature. 13(1): 104-110.

Kaul, M. K. 1986. Weed flora of Kashmir Valley. Scientific Publishers

(India), Jodhpur.

Kaul, M. K. 1986a. Germination Studies on common weeds-I. Senecio

vulgaris L. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. (Add. ser. I): 387-389.

Kaul, Rita 1974. Some aspects of seed germination in Hemigraphis Dura. J.

Ind. Bot. Soc. 53: 71-75.

Kelbey,W. R. 1953. Study of Seed identification and seed germination of

Potentilla spp. and Veronica spp. Cornell lliv. Agre. Exp. Sta. Memo.,
317.

Kennedy, P. B. 1899. The structure of the caryopsis of grasses with reference

to their morphology and classification. U.S.D.A. Div. Agrostol. Bull.
19: 1-44.

Keys, C. E. 1949. Observations on the seed and germination of Setaria

italica (L.) Beauv. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 52: 474-477.

Khanna k.k., Anand kumar, R.D. Dixit & N.P. Singh 2001. Suppliment to
the Flora of Madhya-Pradesh. Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. Kolkata.

Khare, D. & M. S. Bhale. 2000. Seed Technology. Scientific Pub. (India).

Jodhpur.

Khoshoo, T. N. 1994. India’s biodiversity: Tasks ahead. Curr. Sci. 67(8):

577-582.

Khurana, E. & J. S. Singh, 2001. Ecology of tree seed and seedlings:

Implications for tropical forest conservation and restoration. Curr. Sci.
80: 748-757.
 341

King, L. J. (Ed.) 1996. Weeds of the World. Interci. Pub. Inc. N. V. 10003.

King, R. P., D. W. Lybecker, E. E. Schweizer & R. L. Zimdahi. 1986.

Bioeconmic models of crop production system: design, development
and use. Rev. Agric. Econ. 15: 389-401.

King, R.P., D.W. Lybecker, E.E. Schweizer & R.L. Zimdahi 1993.
Bioeconomic modeling to stimulate weed control strategies for
continuous com (Zea mays). Weed Science 34: 972-979.

Klanger, L. K. 1988. Germination and seedling emergence in Spergula

arvensis. Amer. J. Bot. 75 (4): 465-475.

Roller, D., A. M. Myer, A. Poljukoff Mayber & S. Klein. 1962. Seed

Germination. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 13: 437-464.

Kondap, S.M., B.B. Reddy, M. Audinarayana, A.R. Rao, G.B. Reddy, 1987.
Weed flora of Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh. Ind. J. Weed Sci.
19(1-2): 83-93.

Kopooshian, H. & Isely D. 1966. Seed character relationship in

Leguminosae. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 73: 59-67.

Korsmo, E. 1935. Weeds Seeds. Gyldendal, Oslo.

Kowal, T. 1966. Systematic studies on seeds of genera Delia jumspergula,

L. and Spergularia Fresl. Monogr. Bot. 21: 245

Kozlowaski, T.T. & Gunn 1972. Importance and characteristics of seeds. In:
Seed Biology. Vol. I. Academic Press, New York.

Kozlowaski, T.T. (ed.) 1972. Seed Biology. New York, Academic Press,
Vol. I, II, III.

Krishnamurthy, K.V., T. Senthil Kumar, & V. Nandagopalan 1996.

Taxonomy and Biodiversity (ed. Pandey A.K.) CBS Publishers, New
Delhi.

Krochmal, A. 1952. Seeds of weedy Euphorbia species and their

identification. Weeds 1: 243-255

Krummer, A.P. 1957. Weed seedlings. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Kshirsagar, S.R. & D.A. Patil 2002. Exotic floral elements in the flora of
Jalgaon district (Maharastra). J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 26(3): 529-532.
 342

Ksochmal, A. 1952. Seeds of weedy Euphorbia species and their

identification. Weed Sci.

Kumar Anil N. 1996. In Agrobiodiversity and Farmers Rights (Ed. M.S.

Swaminathan) Konark Publishers, N.Delhi.

Kumar, Prakash, C. Dimpas Rao, G. Rajaseger & A.N. Rao 1998. Seed
surface architecture and random Amplified Polymorphic DNA profiles
of Paulownia jortunei, P. tomentosa and their hybrid Ann. of Bot.
, 83:103
/
Kwon, T.J., D.L. Young, F.L. Young & C.M. Boerbroom 1995. PAL WEED:
Wheat- A bioeconomic dicision model for Post-emergenece weed
management in winter wheat (Tritium aestivum) Weed Sci. 43: 595-
603.

La Rue, C.D. 1935. Regeneration in monocotyledonous seedlings. Am. J.

Bot. 22: 486-492

Ladiges PY, M.S. Dale, Rose & K.G. Shields 1981. Seedling characters and
phylogenetic relationships in the informal series Ovatae of Eucalyptus
Subgenus Symphyomyrthus. Aust. J. Bot. 32: 1-13.

Lasseigne, A. 1979. Studies in Cassia (Legumcaesae.): 2. External seed

morphology, Iselya 1(2): 63-8.

Latchanna, A. 1983. The major weed flora in certain winter crops of

Prabhani Area. Ind. J. Weed Sci. 15(1): 109-114.

Lawrence, G.H.M. 1951. Taxonomy of Vascular Plants. Mac Millan, New

York.

Lewis, I.M. 1911. The seedlings of Quercus virginiana. Plant World 14:
119-123

Longe, A.J. Cardenas & R. Cruz. 1973. Crop losses caused by weeds. Weeds
Today 4(1): 11-14

Lubbock, J. 1892. A contribution to our knowledge of seedling Paul, Trench,

Trubner & co. London. Vol 1.

Lye, K.A. 1995. The Kyllinga alata Nees complex (Cyperaceae). Lidia 3(5):
171-172.

Mago, Chandrika 2005. Alien species cost billions. Times of India

(7.2.2005), New Delhi.
 343

Maguira, James D. & Alvin Overland 1999. Laboratory germination of seeds

of weedy and native plants. Washington Agric. Exp. Stn. Circ. 349.
15pp.
vftiahajan, M.V. & P.A. Azeez 2001. Distribution of selected exotic weeds in
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. In: Saukarau, K.V. S.T. Murphy &
H.C.Evans (Eds.) Alien weeds in moist tropical zones: Banes and
benefits. Kerala Forest and Research Institute and CBAI Bioscience,
^/UK,pp 46-55.

^Mahajan, Maya & P.A. Azeez 2004. Observations on the weed flora of
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, South India. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 28(3):
693-705

Maheshwari, J.K. 1960. The origin and distribution of naturalized plants of

Khandwa Plateau, Madhya Pradesh- J. Biol. Sci. 3:9-19.

Maheswari, J.K. & S.R. Paul 1976. The exotic flora for Ranchi J. Bom. nat.
Hist. Soci. 72: 158-188.

Maheswari, J.K. 1975. The exotic flora of Ranchi. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc.
42: 158-188.

Maheswari, J.K. 1979. Alien Flora of India. In: Progress in plant research
(Silver jubilee publication) National Bot. Res. Institute (Eds. T.N.
Khoshoo and P.K.K. Nair), 1979: 219-228

Maheswari, J.K. 1985. Observation on some wild plants foods of the tribals
of Varanasi. Distt. (U.P.). Vinayjati, 33(2): 25-31

Maim, M.A. & J. Laperre 1986. Effects of burial by sand on seed

germination and seedling emergence of four dune species. American J.
Bot. 73(3): 450

Maiti, G.G. & D.N. Guha Bakshi 1982. Exotic plants of West Bengal after
1908 (Dicotyledons & Monocotyledons.) J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 2: 1-21.

Malik, R.K., & Samunder Singh, 1994. Weed flora in gram and roye crops in
Haryana state. Haryana Agricultural University Journal of Research
24(1): 7-14.

Mall, L.P. 1954. Germination of seeds of three common weeds of dry phase
in low lying lands. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. Ind. B 24: 197-204.

Mallick, K.C. & B. Krishna, 1978. Identification of seeds of Indian Senna of

Commerce. Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 20: 113-116.
 344

Malviya, S.D. & S.N. Singh 2004. Diversity of aquatic and wetland
macrophytes vegetation in Uttar Pradesh (India). J. Econ. Taxon. Bot.
28(4): 935-975.
Manandhar, N.P. 1978. A study of weeds of Kathmandu Valley. Bull. Bot.
Surv. Ind. 20(1-4): 36-47.
Manas Kumar Chakarborthy, Alok Bhattacharjee & D.C. Pal. 2003.
Ethnomedical uses of some exotic plants of Purulia District, W.
Bengal. India. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 27 (3): 559-563.

Manokaran, N. 1978. Germination of fresh seeds of Malaysian rattans.

Malay. For. 41: 319-324.

Maq. A. 1955. Weed flora of Paddy fields of West Bengal. Indian Agr. 1:
19-26

^/K4arra, M.C. & G.A. Carlson 1983. An economic threshold model for weeds
in soybean {Glycine max). Weed Sci. 31: 604-609.

Martin, A.C. 1951. Identifying pondweed seeds eaten by ducks. Jour. Wildl.
Mgmt. 15: 253-258.

Martin, A.C. 1954. Identifying Polygonum seeds. Jour. Wild. Mgmt. 18 :

514-520.

Martin, A.C. & W.D. Barkley 1973. Seed identification manual. Univ. of
California Press. Berkley. Los angles/London.

Martin, A.C. & W.D. Barkley. 1961. Seed identification Manual. (Berkeley
& Los Angeles: Univ. of California Press).

Martin, A.C. & W.D. Barkley 1968. Seed identification Manual. (Orig.
1961). J. Calcutta.

Martin, J.N. 1943. Germination studies of the seeds of some common weeds.
Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 50: 221-228.

Mathew, K.M. 1969. Exotic Flora of Kodaikonal, Palni Hills. Rec. Bot.
Surv. India 20(1): 1-241.

Mathur, M, 1985. Comprative study of epidermal structure & seed analysis

of two Cassia species. Geobios New Rep. 4(1): 96-97.

Mayer, A.M. & A. Poljakoff-Mayber, 1963. The Germination of seeds.

Pergmon Press, New York.
 345
Mayer, A.M. & A. Poljakoff-Mayber, 1975. The germination of seeds, 2nd
edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Mcclure, D.S. 1957. Seed characteristics of selected plant families. Iowa
State Coll. Jour. Sci. 31: 649-682.
Mehra, K.L. 1965-66. Portuguese introduction of fruit plants in India I-III,
Indian Hort. 10(1): 8-12, 36: 10(3); 9-12.

Mehta, M. & D.N. Sen, 1991. Seed germination studies of Cassia italica
(Mill). Lam. Ex Andrews in Indian desert. Annals Arid Zone 30(1):
71-72.
Melkhania, N.P. & J.S. Singh. 1983. Weeds of Himalaya in Winter crops. J.
Weed Sci. 150: 109-114.
Menapace, Francis J., Wujek E. Daniel & H.M. Nijalingappa 2003. Achene
micromorphology of some Indian Cyperaceae V. Achene
micromorphology as a possible systematic aid to the taxonomic
recognition of Fimbristylis sections. Bull. Bot. Surv. India 45(1-4);
21-28.
Mishra, B.K. & B.K. Verma 1992. Flora of Allahabad District (Uttar
Pradesh). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun.
Mishra, R.C. & B.P. Chaudhary 1996. Rice field flora of Bubaneswar. Bio.
Sci. Res. Bull. 12(2): 99-112.
Misra, B.N. 1963. Germination of seeds of Ipomea crassicaulis (Benth.)
^Robinson. J. Ind. Bot. Soc. 42: 258-366.
.s
Mortensen, D.A. & H.D. Coble 1991. Two approaches to weed control
decision aid software. Weed Techno. 5: 445-452.
Mudgal, V., K.K. Khanna & P.K. Hajra 1997. Flora of Madhya Pradesh-
/ Vol.II. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
■^iClukhopadhyay, S.K., A. Hussain & R. Modak 1992. Crop weed competition
studies in transplanted rice: Annual Weed Science Conference,
ISWSHAU, Hissar.
Muller, F.M. 1978. Seedlings of North-Western European Lowland-A flora
of seedlings, Wageningen.
Murley, M.R. 1951. Seeds of Cruciferae of North Eastern America. Amer.
Midi. Nat. 46: 1-81.
Musil, A.F. 1948. Identification of crop and weed seeds. Agricultural
Handbook No. 219. U.S. Dep. Agric. Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
'-Muzik, T. J. 1970. Weed Biology and control. Me Graw Hill Book Co., New
York.
 346

Nagar, P.S. & S.M. Pandya 2004. The alien flora of Barda Hills and its
surroundings, Saurashtra, Gujrat. Ind. J. For. 27 (1): 25-38.

Naidu, A. & G. Shah 1981. Cotyledonary Stomata and trichomes and their
ontogeny in some genera of Lamiaceae. Phyton (Horn, Austria), 21:
137-152.
Nair, N. C., V. J. Nair, & P. Daniel, 1996. In flora of India. Introductory
Volume. Part I (eds Hajra, P. K. and Sharma, B. D.). Bot. Surv. Ind.,
Kolkata. pp. 53-196.

Nair, N.C. & V.J. Nair 1977. Present status and future strategies of floristic
studies in India, the Upper Gangetic Plain. Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 19:
25-32.

Nakamura, S. 1962. Germination of grasses. Proceedings Inti. Seed Testing

Assoc. 27: 710-729.

Nalini, A. S., A. S. Prabhakar, & D.S. Uppar. 1993. Weed flora of University
of Agricultural Sciences Campus Dharwal. Farming systems 9(1-2):
59-60.

Nandlal, D. P. & C. B. Singh, 1993. Changes in weed flora of rice-wheat

cropping system. Ind. J. Weed Sci. 25 (1&2); 22-28.

Narang, Arvinder Kaur 1978. Seedling structure in Crotalaria and Tephrosia

species. J. Ind. Bot. Soc. 57; 52-57.

Nautiyal, S. & R. D. Gaur 1978. Studies on weeds in Wheat fields at

Srinagar, Garhwal. Bot. Progress 1 : 38-40.

Navchoo, I. A. & G. M. Buth, 1988. Weed flora of Kashmir-miscellaneous

weeds of cultivation. Ind. J. Weed Sci. 18(4): 257-258.

Negi, Surendra Singh, Shalini Negi & K. S. Negi, 2004. Medicinal status of
some common weeds of Shivalik Garhwal Himalaya. J. Econ. Taxon.
Bot. 28(3): 591-596.

Nelson, Alexander 1976. “Hard Seed” in Legumonosae. Nature, 118: 804

Nemoto, T. & H. Ohashi, 1993. Seedling morphology of Lespedeza

(Leguminosae), J. Plant Res. 106: 121-128.

Ohashi, H. 1968. A seedling of Lespedeza graffiti from Bhutan, E.

Himalaya. J. Jpn. Bot. 43: 205.

Ojha, B. N. & N. Dayal 1992. Medicinal value and Economic importance of

an obnoxious weed-Lantana. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 16(3); 595-598.
 347

Okpon, E.N.U. 1969 a. Morphological notes on the genus Cassia: II & III.
Notes Royal Bot. Gard. Edinb. 29: 331-342.

Pahwa, S.K. & Ashok Yadav 2000 Growth Behaviour of Echinochloa

colona and Echinochloa crussgalli at different dates of sowing. Ind. J.
Weeds Sci. 32 (3 & 4) : 218-219.

Pandey, H.K. 1956a. The study in weed and weeding of wheat fields. Ph.D.
Thesis Agra University.
Pandey, ¥. 1971. Cassias commonly occurring or cultivated in India. J.
Bomb. nat. Hist. Soc. 68(2): 311-318.

Paradkar, N.R. 1989. Survey of Kharif weeds in Rewa division of M.P.

(India). Ind. J. Weed Sci. 21(1 & 2): 60-63.

Parihar, S.S. & K.C. Kanodia, 1987. Beware of the exotic weeds. Ind. Fmg.
37(1): 24-27.

Parsons, W.T. & E.G. Cuthberton 1992. Noxious weeds of Australia. Inkata
Press: Melbourne and Sydney.

Patel, R.J. 1974. Observations in the number of stamens in two Cassia

species from Gujrat. Geobios 1(4): 108-109.

Patil, S.G., M.B. Nagare & V.P. Patil, 1984. Seed variations in the family
Vitaceae. Biovigyanam 10: 107-113.

Patnaik, H. 1956. Some useful weeds in and around Cuttack. J. Bomb. nat.
Hist. Soc. 54: 141-152.

Paz H., Martinez-Ramos M. 2003. Seed mass and seedling performance

within eight sp. of Psychotria (Rubiaceae). Ecology 84: 439-450.

Pieterse, A. H. and K. J. Murphy (eds.) 1990. Aquatic weeds. Oxford

University Press, Oxford.

vPimentel, D., S. Me Nair, J. Janecka, J. Wightman, C. Simmonds, C.O’

Connell, E. Wong, L. Russel, J. Zeren, T. Aquino & T. Tsomondo
2001. Economic and environmental threat of alien plant, animal and
microbe invasions. Agric. Eosys. Environ. 84: 1-20.
s'
MPimm, S.L. & M.E. Gulpin 1989. Theoretical issue in conservation biology.
In: Raughgarden J., R.M. May and S.A. Wevin (Eds.), Perspectives in
Ecological theory. Printon Chito Press, Princeton N.J., pp. 287-305.

Pinglale, S.V. 1973. A study on weed seeds found in foodgrains. Winter Int.
Press, Link House, N. Delhi. 22p.
 348

vPinstrup, Anderson, P.R. Pandya-Lorch & M.W. Rosegront 1999. World

food prospects: Critical issues for the early twenty first century. Food
Policy Report. International Food policy Research Institute,
Washington DC. 32pp.
Polhill, R.M. & J.E. Vidal 1981. Caesalpiniaceae in R.M. Polhill, P.N. &
Raven (Eds.) Recent Advances in Legume systematics. Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew.
Prasad, M.B.B. & N.T. Yaduraju 2000. Diecision support systems: A tool for
sustainable weed management Indian J. Weed Sci. 32 (3&4) : 119-
128.

Prasad, V.P. & N.P. Singh 2002. Sedges of Karnataka (India) (Family
Cyperaceae). Scientific Publishers. (India), Jodhpur.

Prashar, A.S. 1989. Congress Grass: Start Chemical fight. The Tribune 109
(295): 17.

Prashanthi, S.K. and Srikant Kulkami 2005. Aureobasidium pulluans, a

potential mycoherbicide for biocontrol of eupatorium [Chromolaena
odorata (L.) King & Robinson] weed. Current Science 88(1): 18-21.

Pullaiah, T. 1997. Flora of Andhra Pradesh. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur.

Pullaiah, T. & D. Ali Moulali 1997. Flora of Andhra Pradesh Vol. 2.

Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India.

Pullaiahi, T. & E. Chennaiah 1997. Flora of Andhra Pradesh, Vol. I.

Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India.

Pundir, Y.P.S. 1978. Structure of seed and seedling of Ficus racemosa Linn.
(Ficus glomerata Roxb.). J. Ind. For. 1(3): 237-243.

Pushpangadan, P, & K. Narayanan Nair 2001: Nature of systematics and

bioidiversity research in India: Need for a National Consortium and
National Agenda for systematic biology research. Curr. Sci. 80 (5):
631-638.

Raghubanshi, A. S., L. C. Rai, J. P. Gaur and J. S. Singh 2005. Invasive alien

species and biodiversity in India 88(4): 539-540.

vRahmani, Asad R. 2004. Towards globalization of Biodiversity. J. Bomb.

natHist. Soc. 101(2): 199-200.

Raizada, M.B. 1935. Recently introduced or otherwise imperfectly known

plants from the Upper Gangetic plain. J. Indian bot. Soc. 14: 339-348.
 349

Raizada, M.B. 1936. Recently introduced or otherwise imperfectly known

plants from the Upper Gangetic plain II. J. Indian hot. Soc. 15: 149-
164.
Raizada, M.B. 1976. Supplement to Duthies Flora of Upper Gangetic Plain
and of the adjacent Siwalik and Sub-Himalayan Tracts. Dehradun.

Rajagopal, T. & G. Panigarhi 1965. ‘Aliens’ naturalized in the flora of

Allahabad. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. India. Sect. B. 35(4): 411-422.

Raju, R.A. & M.N. Reddy, 1987. Weed flora of wetland rice in West
Godavari. Journal of Research APAU 15(1): 62-62.

Raju, R.A. 1998. Prevalent Weed flora in Peninsular India. Allied Publishers
Ltd., N. Delhi.

Raju, R.A., M.N. Reddy & S.M. Kondap 1995. Weed flora in rice as
influenced by various hydroecosystems. Indian J. Weed Sci. 27: 219-
221.

Ramakrishnan, P.S. 1959. Contributions to the ecological flora of Varanasi

District. Ph.D. Thesis, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.

v'Rana, R.S. 2004. Invasive alien species and biodiversity: Indian perspective.
In: National Biodiversity strategy and Action Plan. (Ed: Kothari,
Ashish). Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt, of India and
Kalpavriksh, New Delhi & Pune.

Rao, A. S. & D.M. Verma 1982. Cyperaeeae of North-East India. BSI,

Howrah.

Rao, R.R. & D.P. Dam, 1979. Non indigenous plants in the flora of Shillong
and its neighbouhood. Bull. Meghalaya Sci. Soc. 3: 43-65.

Rao, R.R. & K. Suryanarayana 1979. Introduced weeds in the vegetation of

Mysore district. J. Bomb. nat. Hist-Soc. 14: 688-697.

Rao, R.R. 1956. Parthenium hysterophorous L., A new record for India. J.
Bomb. nat. Hist. Soc. 51(1): 218-220.

Rao, S.C. 1968. Biological spectrum of Karamnasa watershed flora

(Varanasi district). Proc. Symp. Recent Adv. Trop. Ecol. (Eds. R.
Mishra & B. Gopal) 2:458-465.

Rau, M.A. 1969. Flora of the upper Gangetic plain and of the adjacent
Siwalik and sub-himalayan tracts, check-list. Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind.
Suppl. 2(10): 1-87.
 350

Reveal, J. L. 1992. Nine proposals relating to Cassia L. (Caesalpiniaceae).

Taxon 41(2): 131-140.
Sahai Kunal, Harbans Kaur & Aruna Pal 1997. Macro and
micromorphological seed characteristics of some Cassia species and
their taxonomic significance. Phtomorphology 47 (3) : 273-279.

Sahai, K. 1999. itructural diversity in the lens of the seeds of some Cassia L.
(Caesalpinioideae) species and its sigrificance. Phytom orphology
49(2): 103-108.

Sahai, K. H. Kaur & A. Pal 1997. Macro and micromorphological seed

characteristics of some Cassia species and their taxonomic
significance. Phytomorphology 47(3): 273-279.

.Sahoo, K.M. & V.N. Saraswat 1988. Magnitude of losses in yield of major
crops due to weed competition in India. Pesticides Information 14: 2-
9.

Salisbury, E.J. 1942. The reproductive capacity of plants. Studies in

quantitative biology. London: G. Bell & Sons.

Sampathkumar R. 1982. Studies on the cotyledonary leaves of some

Convolvulaceae. Taxon 31:53.

San Martin A. J.M., G.C. Ramirez 1983 Rice field weed flora of Central
Chile, Ciencia e Investigacion Agraria 10(3): 207-222.

Santapau, H. 1958.The floristic study in India. Mem. Indian Bot. Soc. 1: 117-
121.

Sapru, B.L. & V. Kaul. 1968. Studies on the seed germination of Euphorbia
peplus Linn. Kashmir Science. 1-2: 136-146.

Saxena, H. D. & M. Brahman 1996. Flora of Orissa. Regional Research

Laboratory and Orissa Forest Department Corporation Ltd.,
Bhubaneswar.

Schlising, R.A. 1969. Seedling morphology in Marah (Cucurbitaceae)

related to the California Mediterranean climate. Amm. J. Bot. 56: 556-
560.

Selenica, Z. 1984. Weed species in sugarbeet crops. Buletin i Sh kencare

Beijquerore 23(2): 43-47.

Shankar, V. 1970. Ecological survey of weeds of rabi crops of Varanasi distt.

Indian J. Weed Sci. 2(2): 135-140.
 351

Shankamarayanan, K.A. & Suresh Kumar 1986. Aerial seedlings of Sand

Dunes I. Trends in seed germination and seedling distribution. J. Trop.
For 2(1): 3-20.

Sharma B.D. & D.S. Pandey 1984. Exotic flora of Allahabad District. B.S.I.
Howrah.

Sharma, M. 1978. Weed Flora of Punjab in rabi crops. Ind. J. Weed Sci. 10:
15-18.

Sharma, M. 1981. Weed flora of Punjab II. Weeds of Kharif crops. Ind. J.
Weed Sci., 13(1): 26-31.
>
Sharma, N.K. 1993. Studies on the weed flora of Jhalwar District. (S.E.
Rajasthan). J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 17 (2) : 357-360.

Sharma, P. Gyan, J. S. Singh & A. S. Raghuvanshi 2005. Plant invasions:

Emerging trends and future implications. Current science 88(5): 726-
734.

Sharma, S.N. & H.P. Singh, 1989a. Survey of angiospermic weed flora of
Varanasi region in Kharif and Rabi seasons. Indian Journal of
Agricultural Research 23(4): 179-183.

Sharma, S.N. & H.P. Singh, 1989b. Angiospermic aquatic weed flora of
Varanasi region. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research 23(2): 81-87.

Shaukat Ara, A.R. Naqshi, & G.M. Dar, 1995. Weed flora of cultivated
fields of Gurais Valley of Kashmir. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 19(2): 293-
302.

Shelke, D.K., R.H. Bhosle, & N.S. Jadhav, 1986. Survey of weed flora in
sorghum and cotton fields in Marathwada. Ind. J. Weed Sci. 17(1):
35-38.

Shetty, M.S. 1967. Germination and seedling establishment of Sphaeranthus

indicus Linn, in relation to soil moisture. Trop. Ecol. 8(1): 138-143.

Shukla, R.B. & P.C. Jain 1984. Weed flora of Paddy crops in Chhatisgarh
region (M.P.). Bull. Bot. Soc. Univ. Saugar 30 & 31:43-47.

Shukla, S.K. & S.P. Shukla, 1977. Angiospermic weed flora of rice fields in
Kangra. Ind. J. Weed Sci. 9: 1-8.
 352

Shyam, A.K. & V.D. Vartak, 1985. Seed morphology of Indian

Caesalpiniaceae, Cassia. Seed Sci. Technol. 13: 699-712.

Shyam, A.K., V. S. Vartak & M. S. Kumbhojkar 1983. Observations on the

seed morphology of Cassia L. Biovigyanum 9: 39-46.

Siddiqi, T.O., Bhupinder Dhir, S. H. K. Peerzada & M. Iqbal 2001.

Angiospermous seeds of medicinal importance. J. Econ. Taxon Bot.
26(1): 99-123.

Siddiqui, M.A.A., R.B. Zafar, B.L. Sapru & P. Kachroo 1985. Weeds of
Kharif crops in Kashmir Valley Indian J. Weed Sci. 17:22-34.

Sidhu, M, B. K. Gogia, A. Kumar 1982. Changes in weed flora of paddy

fields of Patiyala District ( Punjab) during eleven years. In abstracts
of papers annual conference of Indian society of Weed sciences.

Sidhu, M. & M.K. Ahluwalia, 1988. Pollen studies in grass weeds of Punjab
plains, India. New Botanist 15(1): 39-50.

Singh, A.K. 1992. Addition to the flora of Upper Gangetic plain. New
Agriculturist 3(2): 251-260.

Singh, Ajai Kumar, Priyanka Singh & Smriti Srivastava 2004. Medicinal
Weeds of Varanasi District (Uttar Pradesh). J. Econ. Taxon. Bot.
28(2): 268-273.

vSingh, B.N. & C.V. Chalam 1936. Unit of quantitative study of weed flora
on arable land. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 28: 556-561.

Singh, B.N. & G.N. Chalam 1937. A quantitative analysis of the weed flora
on arable land. J. Ecol. 25: 213-221

Singh, B.N. & K. Das 1938. Distribution of weed species on arable land. J.
Ecol. 26:455-446.

Singh, B.P. & Dhurva Prasad Gauchan. 2004. Studies on weed flora
associated with Kharif crops in canal, command area of the great
Indian desert. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 28(4):875-910.

Singh, C. 1989. Changes in seed germination and seedling growth processes

induced by various growth regulators in Cassia glauca Lam. Acta.
Bot. Indica 17(1): 68-75.
 353

Singh, C.S. 1976. Aquatic weeds in the Fisheries, ponds and their control
measures, pp. 331-334. In: C.K. Varshney & J. Rzoska (Eds.).
Aquatic weeds in S.E. Asia. Dr. W. Junk, The Hague.

Singh, D.& B. Gangwar 1986. Studies on the weed flora of Rice in south
Andaman J. Andaman Sci. Ass c. 2(2): 51-54.

Singh, Gurcharan, Bimal Misri & P. Kachroo 1972. Achene Morphology:

An aid to taxonomy of Indian Plants. 1 Compositae, Liguliferae. J.
Indian hot. Soc. 51: 235-242.
Singh, H.P. 1961. Systematics and Ecology of winter crops weeds of
Gorakhpur. Proc. 48th, Indian Sci. Congr. Pt. III. pp.364.

Singh, H.P. 1990. Weed species in rice seedling in eastern Uttar Pradesh
(UP), India. International Rice Research Newsletter 15(1).

Singh, J. S. 1968. In support of the separation of Cassia tora L. and C.

obtusifolia L. as two district taxa. Curr. Sci. 37(13): 381-382.

Singh, K.K. & S.C. Singh 1983. Observations on weeds of wheat fields of
Lucknow district. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 4:223-231.

Singh, K.K. 1997. Flora of Dudhwa National Park. Bishen Singh Mahendra
Pal Singh, Dehradun.
Singh, M.P. 1986. Flora of Patna. International Book and Periodicals supply
Service, N. Delhi.
Singh, N.B. 1982. Weeds of Paddy. Wheat and Sugarcane fields of
Kurukshetra district in Haryana. The Botanique 10 (1-4): 15-18.

Singh, N.P., V. Mudgal, K.K. Khanna, S.C. Srivastava, A.K. Sahoo, S.

Bandopadhyay, N. Aziz, M. Das, R.P. Bhattacharya & P.K. Hajra
2001. Flora of Bihar-Analysis. Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind., Kolkata.

Singh, P.K. & S.K. Singh 1994. On the identification of seeds and seedlings
of poaceous crop weeds of Gorakhpur division. Journal of living
world 1(2): 180-183.
Singh, R.D. 1994. Weed in tea plantations of Himachal Pradesh, J. Econ.
Tax. Bot. 18(2): 399-148.
Singh, S.C. & G.N. Srivastava 2000. Weeds on the campus of Central
Instiute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow. J.
Econ. Taxon. Bot. 24(2): 451-466.
Singh, S.C. & S.P. Jain. 1986. Medicinal weeds of Lucknow district. Ind.
Jour. Plant Sciences 4: 70-83
 354

Singh, S.K. & O.P. Singh 1979. Weed flora of paddy Crop in Jaunpur, Uttar
Pradesh. Oryza 16(2): 113-114.

Singh, Tarlok, K.S. Sandhu and R.K. Bhatia 1999. Weed flora of wheat
fields in Punjab. Indian journal of weed Sci. 25: 17-21.

Singh, V. 1976. A taxonomic revision of the genus Cassia L. in Rajasthan.

Bull. Bot. Surv. India 16: 85-101.

Singh, V. 1979. Critical taxonomic notes on some species of Cassia L. found

in India. J. Bomb. nat. Hist. Soc. 75(2): 434-444.

Singh, V. 1987a. The genus Cassia L. (Caesalpiniaeeae)-Some new taxa and

combinations from India. J. Econ. Taxa. Bot. 10(2): 321-327.

Singh, V. 1987b. A note on the synonymy of Cassia senna L. emend.

Andrews. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 9(2): 467. 469.

Singh, V. 2001: Monograph on Indian subtribe Cassiinae (Caesalpiniaceae).

Scientific Publishers (India), Jodhpur pp. 278.

Singh, V.P. 1963. Seedling morphology of a few weeds of U.P. Ind. J.

Horticulture 10(2): 62-66.

Singh, Verendra & R.V. Singh 1984a. Seed dispersal, Seed germination and
seedling establishment in natural forests of Silver fir and Spurce I.
Seed dispersal pattern. Ind. For. 110 (6) : 529-539.

Sivarajan, V.V., 1984. Introduction to the principles of plant taxonomy.

Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.

Srivastava, A.K. 1993. Exotic Weeds of Gorakhpur District, U.P. J. Econ.

Taxon. Bot. 17(2): 261-263.

Srivastava, J.C. 1955. Some recently introduced or newly recorded plant,

from Patna district and neighbourhood. J. Bomb. nat. Hist. Soc. 52:
659-660.

Srivastava, J.C. 1964. Some tropical American and African weeds that have
invaded the state of Bihar. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 43(1): 102-112.
 355
Srivastava, J.L. & M. Oommachand 1994. The exotic flora of Jabalpur
district. M.P. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 18(2): 279-292.

Srivastava, T.N. 1976. Flora Gorakhpurensis Today and Tommorow’s

printers and publishers. New Delhi.

Standifer, L.C. 1980. A technique for estimating weed seed population in

cultivated soils. Weed Sci. 29(2): 134-158.

Stoller, E.W. & L.M. Wax. 1973. Periodicity of germination and emergence
of some annul weeds. Weed Science 21: 524-580.

Streibig, J.C., J.H. Combellack, R.L. Amor 1989. Regional differences in the
weed flora of Victorain cereal crops. Plants Protection Quaterly 4(3):
111-114.

Subramanyam, N.S. & A.V.S.S. Sambhamurty 2000. Ecology. Narosa

Publishing House, New Delhi.

Subudh, H.N. & N. Dixit 1998. Weed flora of rice fields in Orissa. J.
Econ.Taxon. Bot. 22: 737-739.

Subudh, H.N., Jiban Mitra & B. Gangaiah 1999. Glimpse into the weed flora
of Indian arid zone. J. Econ. Toxon. Bot. 23(3): 745-747.

Suzuki, M. 1994. Observations on germination ability of upland weeds

buried into soil at 30cm depth during 25 years, Weed Research
(Tokyo) 3991: 34-39.

Swarbick, J.T. & J.C. Raymond 1970a. The identification of seeds and
achenes of the British Plantaginaeeae. Ann. Bot. (N.S.) 34: 1123-
1129.

Swarbrick, J.T. & J.C. Raymond 1970b. The identification of the seeds of
the British Papaveraceae. Ann. Bot. (N.S.) 34:1115-1122.

Swarupanandan K. 1987. Fruits, Seeds and Seedlings of Two Indian

Dipterocarps. Ind. For. 113 :218-221.

Swedan, A.H. 1970. Germination studies with seed of various weed species,
under laboratory conditions. Diss. Lehrstuhl PFL Schultx, Univ.
Hohanheim.

Swinton, S. M. & R. P. King 1994. A bioeconomic model for weed

management in com and soybean. Agric. Syst. 44: 313-345.
 357

Tripathi, D. & T. R. Sahu 1991. Trichome studies in Cassia L. Structure,

distribution and taxonomic significance. J. PI. Anat. Morphol. 5(2):
13-18.
Tripathi, R.S. 1964. A study on the weed flora of Gram and Wheat Crops at
Varanasi. J. Sci. Res. (B.H.U.) 14: 243-252.
Tripathy, G. & G. Mishra 1988. Studies on the weed flora associated with
wheat crops. J. Ind. Bot. Soc. 67: 227-228.
Turrhill, W.B. 1957. Germination of seeds (V). The vitality and longevity of
seeds. Gard. Chrom. 142: 37.

Twainly, B.E. 1967. Seed size and seedling in birds Footrefoil. Can. J. Plant
Sci. 47: 603-609.

USDA- Agricultural Research Service 1992. Plant material for seedling on

rangelands (Unpublished report). Forage and Range Research
Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Lagon, U.T.

USDA, 1991. U.S. average costs of production for major field crops.
Washington, D.C., Economic, Research Service, Agriculture
Information Bulletin No. 639.

. USDA, 1993. Agricultural resources: Input situation and outlook.

Washington, D.C. Economic Research Service, Resources and
Technology Division. Report AR-29.

USDA-NRCS 1994. Planning a Seedling. Technical Notes. TN Plant

Materials No. 10 Boise, Idaho.

USDA-SCS 1988. Interagency seedling Guide. Portland, Oregon.

van Heemst, H.D.J. 1985. The influence of weed competition on crop yield.
Agric. Syst. 18. 81-93.

Vankeruren, R.W. & G.B. Triplett 1970. Seedling legumes into established
grass swards. Proc. 11th . Int. Grassl. Cong. pp. 131-134.

Vaughan, J.G. & J.M. Whitehouse 1971. Seed structure and the taxonomy of
the Cruciferae. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. London. 64: 343-409.

Venkata Raju, R. R. & T. Pullaiah 1986. Cassia sujfruticosa Koen. ex Roth:

a little known taxon from Anthra Pradesh, J. Econ-Taxon. Bot. 8(1):
239-241.

Venkateswarlu, R. B. Bahadur & S.M. Farooqui 1986. Seed characters in

Physalis L. (Solanaceae). Acta Bot. Indica 14 (spl.): 205-207.
 358
Venu, P. 2002. Some conceptual and practical issues in taxonomic research.
Curr. Sci. 82: (25) April 2002.
Verma, K., & P.D. Khanna, 1981. New additions to the weed flora of Delhi
State. In abstracts of papers, annual conference of Indian Society of
Weed Science: 3-4.
!)' y r
Verma, R.P. & R.S. Bhardwaj (19591 Chemical weed control in wheat. Ind.
Jour. Agron. 2: 243.

Vijaya Kumar, P. & Bir Bahadur 1978. Seed morphology of thirteen species
of Cleome L. (Capparidaceae). J. Ind. Bot. Soc. 57: 39-46.
v^itoushek, P.M., C.M. D’antonoi, L.L. Loope & R. Westbrooks 1996.
Biological invasions as global environmental change. American
Scientist 84: 468-478.

Vogel E.F. 1980. Seedlings of Dicotyledons. Centre for Agricultural

Publishing and Documentation (PUDOC): Wageningen, The
Netherlands.

Wanger, L.K. 1988. Germination & seedling emergence in Spergula

arvensis. Amer. J. Bot. 75(4): 465-475.

Warington, K. 1958. Changes in the weed flora on Broad-halk permanent

Wheat field during the period 1930-55. T.Ecol 46: 101-13.

Watson, Robert., Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

Remarks made during his presentation to the Mid-Term Meeting of
the CGIAR, in July 1998 in Brasilia. This data is taken from reprints
of Dr. Watson’s slide presentation.

Weber, E.F. 1997. The alien flora of Europe: A taxonomic and

biogeographic review. J. Veg. Sci. 8: 565-572.

Westbrooks, R. 1998. Invasive plants, changing the landscape of American

Facie, book, the Fedral Intergency Committee for the Management of
Noxious and Exotic weeds, Washington, D.C., p.8.

Wheeler, D.D. 1956. Systematics, the scientific basis for inventories of

biodiversity. Biodiv. and Conserv. 4:476-489.

Wilson, Edwardie. 1985. Time to Revive systematics. Science: 230: 4731.

Wu Zhuojing, & Zhou TianXiong 2003. A study on seed germination

conditions of Cyperus difformis and Monochoria vagnalis. Weed Sci.
51(2): 18-20.
Waduraj, N.T. and G.B. Singh 1997. Herbicide resistance in P. minor -An
emerging problem. Indian Fmg. 47(2): 20-25.

Yenish, J.P. et al. 1992. Effects of tillage on vertical distribution and

viability of weed seeds in soil. Weed Sci. 40(3): 429-433.

Yeo R.R. & R.J. Dow. 1978. Germination of seed of Dwarf spikerush
(Eleocharis coloradoenis). Weed Sci. 26 (5): 425-431.

Zafar, R., M.A.A. Siddique, B.L. Sapru & P. Kachroo 1986. Studies in
weeds of rabi crops of Kashmir Valley. Ind. J. Weed Sci. 17: 1-13.