International Journal of Computer Networks &

Communications (IJCNC)
(Scopus, ERA Listed)
ISSN 0974 - 9322 (Online); 0975 - 2293 (Print)
http://airccse.org/journal/ijcnc.html

Current Issue: May 2019, Volume 11,

Number 3 --- Table of Contents

http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2019.html
 PAPER -01

IMPLEMENTATION OF A CONTEXT-AWARE
ROUTING MECHANISM IN AN INEXPENSIVE
STANDALONE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR
DISASTER SCENARIOS
Regin Cabacas and In-Ho Ra

School of Computer, Information and Communication Engineering, Kunsan National

University, Gunsan, South Korea

ABSTRACT
Natural disasters often destroy and disrupt communication infrastructures that hinder the
utilization of disaster applications and services needed by emergency responders. During these
circumstances an implementation of a standalone communication system (SCS) that serves as an
alternative communication platform for vital disaster management activities is essential. In this
study, we present a design and implementation of an SCS realized using an inexpensive
microcontroller platform. Specifically, the study employed Raspberry Pi (RPi) devices as rapidly
deployable relay nodes designed with a context-aware routing mechanism. The routing
mechanism decides the most efficient route to send messages or disseminate information in the
network by utilizing a context-aware factor (CF) calculated using several context information
such as delivery probability and link quality. Moreover, with the use of this context information,
the proposed scheme aims to reduce communication delay and overhead in the network
commonly caused by resource contention of users. The performance of the proposed SCS was
evaluated in a small-area case-scenario deployment using a messaging application and web-based
monitoring service. Additionally, a simulation-based performance analysis of the proposed
context-aware routing mechanism applied to an urban area map was also conducted. Furthermore,
in the simulation, the proposed scheme was compared to the most commonly used Flooding and
AODV schemes for SCS. Results show a high delivery probability, faster delivery time (low
latency) and reduced message overhead when using the proposed approach compared with the
other routing schemes.

KEYWORDS
Standalone communication systems, disaster communication systems, context-aware routing

For More Details: http://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V11N3/11319cnc01.pdf

Volume Link: http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2019.html

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November 2018

AUTHORS
Regin Cabacas Received the B.S. degree in Information Technology from West
Visayas State University, Iloilo, Philippines, and his Masters of Engineering
from Kunsan National University, South Korea in 2010 and 2015, respectively.
He is currently working toward the Doctor’s degree with the School of
Computer, Information and Communication Engineering, Kunsan National
University, Gunsan, South Korea. His current research interests include energy
efficient routing in delay tolerant networks, mobile opportunistic sensor
networks, wireless networks for disaster, and authentication access control in block chain systems

In-Ho Ra Received the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in computer engineering from
Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea, in 1991 and 1995, respectively. He is
currently a Professor with the Department of Electronic and Information
Engineering, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Korea. From 2007 to 2008,
he was a Visiting Scholar with the University of South Florida, Tampa. His
research interests include block chain and micro grid, mobile wireless
communication networks, sensor networks, middleware design, cross-layer
design, quality-of-service management integration of sensor networks and social networks.
 PAPER -02

CONTEXT-AWARE ENERGY CONSERVING ROUTING

ALGORITHM FOR INTERNET OF THINGS
D. Kothandaraman1, C. Chellappan2, P. Sivasankar 3 and Syed Nawaz Pasha1
1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, S R Engineering College,
Warangal, TS, India
2
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CEG, Anna University,
Chennai, TN, India
3
Departmentof Electronics Engineering, NITTTR, Chennai, TN, India

ABSTRACT
Internet of Things (IoT) is the fast- growing technology, mostly used in smart mobile devices
such as notebooks, tablets, personal digital assistants (PDA), smart phones, etc. Due to its
dynamic nature and the limited battery power of the IoT enabled smart mobile nodes, the
communication links between intermediate relay nodes may fail frequently, thus affecting the
routing performance of the network and also the availability of the nodes. Existing algorithm does
not concentrate about communication links and battery power/energy, but these node links are a
very important factor for improving the quality of routing in IoT. In this paper, Context-aware
Energy Conserving Algorithm for routing (CECA) was proposed which employs QoS routing
metrics like Inter-Meeting Time and residual energy and has been applied to IoT enabled smart
mobile devices using different technologies with different microcontroller which resulted in an
increased network lifetime, throughput and reduced control overhead and the end to end delay.
Simulation results show that, with respect to the speed of the mobile nodes from 2 to 10m/s,
CECA increases the network lifetime, thereby increasing the average residual energy by 11.1%
and increasing throughput there by reduces the average end to end delay by 14.1% over the
Energy-Efficient Probabilistic Routing (EEPR) algorithm. With respect to the number of nodes
increases from 10 to 100 nodes, CECA algorithms increase the average residual energy by16.1 %
reduces the average end to end delay by 15.9% and control overhead by 23.7% over the existing
EEPR.

KEYWORDS
Energy conserving, smart mobile devices, Routing, Residual energy, Inter-meeting time.

For More Details: http://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V11N3/11319cnc02.pdf

Volume Link: http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2019.html

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 PAPER -03

FAST PACKETS DELIVERY TECHNIQUES FOR

URGENT PACKETS IN EMERGENCY APPLICATIONS
OF INTERNET OF THINGS
Fawaz Alassery

Department of Computer Engineering, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT
Internet of Things (IoT) has been receiving a lot of interest around the world in academia,
industry and telecommunication organizations. In IoT, many constrained devices can
communicate with each other which generate a huge number of transferred packets. These
packets have different priorities based on the applications which are supported by IoT technology.
Emergency applications such as calling an ambulance in a car accident scenario need fast and
reliable packets delivery in order to receive an immediate response from a service provider.
When a client sends his request with specific requirements, fast and reliable return contents
(packets) should be fulfilled, otherwise, the network resources may be wasted and undesirable
circumstances may be counted. Content-Centric Networking (CCN) has become a promising
network paradigm that satisfies the requirements of fast packets delivery for emergency
applications of IoT. In this paper, we propose fast packets delivery techniques based on CCN for
IoT environment, these techniques are suitable for urgent packets in emergency applications that
need fast delivery. The simulation results show how the proposed techniques can achieve high
throughput, a large number of request messages, fast response time and a low number of lost
packets in comparison with the normal CCN.

KEYWORDS
Internet of Things, Content-Centric Networking, emergency applications, data delivery, real-time
packets.

For More Details: http://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V11N3/11319cnc03.pdf

Volume Link: http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2019.html

REFERENCES
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[16] Y. Jin, U. Raza, A. Aijaz, M. Sooriyabandara and S. Gormus, Content Centric Cross-Layer
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[17] Y. Gao, T. Kitagawa, S. Ata, S. Eum and M. Murata, On the Use of Naming Scheme for
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[18] Z. Ren, M. A. Hail and H. Hellbrück, CCN-WSN - A lightweight, flexible Content-Centric

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AUTHOR

Fawaz Alassery received his M.E. in telecommunication engineering from

University of Melbourne, Australia. He also received his Ph.D. degree in
Electrical and Computer Engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology,
Hoboken, New Jersey, USA. Nowadays, Alassery is working as assistant
professor and the dean of E-learning and Information Technology at Taif
University in Saudi Arabia. His research interests include energy-efficient design
of Smart WSNs and the network design of Internet of Things (IoT).
 PAPER -04

THE PERFORMANCE OF CONVOLUTIONAL CODING

BASED COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATION: RELAY
POSITION AND POWER ALLOCATION ANALYSIS
Cebrail ÇIFLIKLI1, Waeal AL-OBAIDI2 and Musaab AL-OBAIDI2
1
Electronic Tech. Program/ Electronics and Automation,
Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
2
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

ABSTRACT
Wireless communication faces adversities due to noise, fading, and path loss. Multiple-Input
Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems are used to overcome individual fading effect by employing
transmit diversity. Duo to user single-antenna, Cooperation between at least two users is able to
provide spatial diversity. This paper presents the evaluation of the performances of the Amplify
and Forward (AF) cooperative system for different relay positions using several network
topologies over Rayleigh and Rician fading channel. Furthermore, we present the performances
of AF cooperative system with various power allocation. The results show that cooperative
communication with convolutional coding shows an outperformance compared to the non-
convolutional, which is a promising solution for high data-rate networks such as (WSN), Ad hoc,
(IoT), and even mobile networks. When topologies are compared, the simulation shows that,
linear topology offers the best BER performance, in contrast when the relay acts as source and the
source take the relay place, the analysis result shows that, equilateral triangle topology has the
best BER performance and stability, and the system performance with inter-user Rician fading
channel is better than the performance of the system with inter-user Rayleigh fading channel.

KEYWORDS
MIMO, AF cooperative, convolutional coding, path loss, power allocation, fading.

For More Details: http://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V11N3/11319cnc04.pdf

Volume Link: http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2019.html

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[15] Lei Xu, Hong-Wei Zhang, Optimum Relay Location in Cooperative Communication Networks
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 PAPER -05

QOS CATEGORIES ACTIVENESS-AWARE ADAPTIVE

EDCA ALGORITHM FOR DENSE IOT NETWORKS
Mohammed A. Salem1, Ibrahim F. Tarrad2, Mohamed I. Youssef 2 and
Sherine M. Abd El-Kader3
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Higher Technological Institute,
10th of Ramadan City, Egypt
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
3
Department of Computer Engineering, Electronics Research Institute, Giza, Egypt

ABSTRACT

IEEE 802.11 networks have a great role to play in supporting and deploying of the Internet of
Things (IoT). The realization of IoT depends on the ability of the network to handle a massive
number of stations and transmissions and to support Quality of Service (QoS). IEEE 802.11
networks enable the QoS by applying the Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) with
static parameters regardless of existing network capacity or which Access Category (AC) of QoS
is already active. Our objective in this paper is to improve the efficiency of the uplink access in
802.11 networks; therefore we proposed an algorithm called QoS Categories Activeness-Aware
Adaptive EDCA Algorithm (QCAAAE) which adapts Contention Window (CW) size, and
Arbitration Inter-Frame Space Number (AIFSN) values depending on the number of associated
Stations (STAs) and considering the presence of each AC. For different traffic scenarios, the
simulation results confirm the outperformance of the proposed algorithm in terms of throughput
(increased on average 23%) and retransmission attempts rate (decreased on average 47%)
considering acceptable delay for sensitive delay services.

KEYWORDS

IoT, IEEE 802.11, EDCA, CW, AIFSN, MAC, QoS

For More Details: http://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V11N3/11319cnc05.pdf

Volume Link: http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2019.html

REFERENCES

[1] A. Al-Fuqaha, M. Guizani, M. Mohammadi, M. Aledhari, and M. Ayyash, “Internet of Things: A

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 PAPER -06

A MIN-MAX SCHEDULING LOAD BALANCED

APPROACH TO ENHANCE ENERGY EFFICIENCY
AND PERFORMANCE OF MOBILE ADHOC
NETWORKS
K.Venkatachalapathy1 and D.Sundaranarayana2
1
Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
2
Professors, Department of Computer and Information Science,
Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India

ABSTRACT
Energy efficiency and traffic management in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is a complex
process due to the self-organizing nature of the nodes. Quality of service (QoS) of the network is
achieved by addressing the issues concerned with load handling and energy conservation. This
manuscript proposes a min-max scheduling (M2S) algorithm for energy efficiency and load
balancing (LB) in MANETs. The algorithm operates in two phases: neighbor selection and load
balancing. In state selection, the transmission of the node is altered based on its energy and packet
delivery factor. In the load balancing phase, the selected nodes are induced by queuing and
scheduling the process to improve the rate of load dissemination. The different processes are
intended to improve the packet delivery factor (PDF) by selecting appropriate node transmission
states. The transmission states of the nodes are classified through periodic remaining energy
update; the queuing and scheduling process is dynamically adjusted with energy consideration. A
weight-based normalized function eases neighbor selection by determining the most precise
neighbor that satisfies transmission and energy constraints. The results of the proposed M2SLB
(Min-Max Scheduling Load Balancing) proves the consistency of the proposed algorithm by
improving the network throughput, packet delivery ratio and minimizing delay and packet loss by
retaining higher remaining energy.

KEYWORDS
Energy Efficiency, Load Balancing, MANET, Packet Delivery Factor, Queuing and Scheduling.

For More Details: http://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V11N3/11319cnc06.pdf

Volume Link: http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2019.html

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 PAPER -07

OPTIMIZATION OF PACKET LENGTH FOR TWO WAY

RELAYING WITH ENERGY HARVESTING
Ghassan Alnwaimi1, Hatem Boujemaa2 and Kamran Arshad 3
1
King Abdulaziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
2
University of Carthage, Sup’Com, COSIM Laboratory, Tunisia
3
College of Engineering, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates

ABSTRACT
In this article, we suggest optimizing packet length for two way relaying with energy harvesting.
In the _rst transmission phase, two source nodes N1 and N2 are transmitting data to each others
through a selected relay R. In the second phase, the selected relay will amplify the sum of the
signals received signals from N1 and N2. The selected relay ampli_es the received signals using
the harvested energy from Radio Frequency (RF) signals transmitted by nodes N1 and N2.
Finally, N1 will remove, from the relay's signal, its own signal to be able to decode the symbol of
N2. Similarly, N2 will remove, from the relay's signal, its own signal to be able to decode the
symbol of N1. We derive the outage probability, packet error probability and throughput at N1
and N2. We also optimize packet length to maximize the throughput at N1 or N2.

INDEX TERMS
Cooperative systems, Optimal packet length, Rayleigh fading channels.

For More Details: http://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V11N3/11319cnc07.pdf

Volume Link: http://airccse.org/journal/ijc2019.html

REFERENCES

[1] Mahdi Attaran ; Jacek Ilow, “Signal Alignment in MIMO Y Channels with Twoway Relaying and
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