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Groundwater is subsurface
water that completely fills
(saturates) the pore spaces of
soil or rock formations below
the water table, which is the
upper surface of the saturated
zone.
Soil moisture
Factors influencing
rainfall recharge to
groundwater :
• The properties of the
ground surface, ex.
texture
• Rainfall intensity and
duration.
• Gradient of the
ground.
• Vegetation (or other)
surface cover.
Groundwater – stream interactions
Interactions between
streams and
groundwater :
(a) losing stream;
(b) gaining stream;
(c) The stream
hydrograph
response showing
the baseflow
component due to
groundwater
discharges
AQUIFER
https://g360group.org/home/highlights/research-
topics/aquitards/
GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE
q dh
v= = k.i i=
A ds
where :
v is flow velocity
k is Hydraulic Conductivity
(konduktivitas hidraulik) with
Darcy's law dimensions of velocity (length/time).
The rate of flow of water q
(volume/time) through cross-sectional
area A is found to be proportional to
hydraulic gradient i according to Darcy
law:
GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE
Konduktivitas hidraulik: kemampuan batuan/tanah untuk memindahkan cairan
(air) per satuan waktu
K= v atau K = v m/hari = m/hari
dh/dl i m/m
https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_to_calculate_the_NET_RECHARGE_for_DRASTIC_method