Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The Assembly was created by the 1902 Philippine Organic Act of the United
States Congress, which established the Insular Government of the Philippines.
In 1916, the Jones Act replaced the Philippine Organic Act and the Assembly
became the current House of Representatives of the Philippines
Jones Law 1916
The law was enacted by the 64th United States Congress on August 29, 1916
and contained the first formal and official declaration of the United States Federal
Government's commitment to grant independence to the Philippines.[1] It was a
framework for a "more autonomous government", with certain privileges reserved
to the United States to protect its sovereign rights and interests, in preparation for
the grant of independence by the United States. The law provides that the grant
of independence would come only "as soon as a stable government can be
established", which was to be determined by the United States Government itself.
1. The provisions affecting the trade relations between the United States and the
Philippines would seriously imperil the economic, social and political institutions of
the country and might defeat the avowed purpose to secure independence for the
Philippines at the end of the transition period.
2. The immigration clause was objectionable and offensive to the Filipino people.
3. The powers of the High Comm issioner were too indefinite
4. The military, naval and other reservations provided for in the act were inconsistent
with true independence, violated dignity and were subject to misunderstanding
Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law 1932
In 1934, Filipino politician Manuel L. Quezon led the "Philippine independence mission" in
Washington, D.C. who succeeded in enacting Congress in this law. Among the provisions of
Manuel Quezon's independence mission were the military base presence in the Philippines;
the unconditional power of the High Commissioner assigned to the Philippines; and the
limitations related to the entry of Filipinos in the U.S.A ..
Constitutional Convention 1935
The Constitutional Convention of the Philippines of 1935 was the gathering of elected
delegates to formulate the constitution for the government to be established by the
Philippine Islands Commonwealth pursuant to the Tydings-McDuffie Act and the Law No.
4125 of the Philippine Legislature. The 202 delegates formed the convention that was
elected on 10 July 1934 .
Pamahalaang Komonwelt
During its more than a decade of existence, the Commonwealth had a strong executive and
a Supreme Court. Its legislature, dominated by the Nacionalista Party, was at first
unicameral, but later bicameral. In 1937, the government selected Tagalog – the language
of Manila and its surrounding provinces – as the basis of the national language, although it
would be many years before its usage became general. Women's suffrage was adopted and
the economy recovered to its pre-Depression level before the Japanese occupation in 1942.