Principle of Architecture & Design Chapter 1

TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
Visual Training-
Practice
Prepared by:
Architect: Raed M. A. Elottol
M.Sc. In Building Technology
1- Basic Elements
Introduction
Point
Line
Plane
Volume
Combinations of elements
Examples & homework
© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary.
TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
From the moment we are born we gradually

become aware of our surroundings. At first
we can only focus on our mother's face and
then we begin to see further away, to the
room and to other members of the family .
Through this process of growing and

developing, through learning and accepting
or questioning what we are told, we become
partially shaped by our surroundings and our
experiences.
Introduction
What is
a beauty?

TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
* Basic Elements - Point

To aid the understanding of the
surrounding visual qualities, things can
be analyzed in a fundamental and
rational manner. The patterns we see
are formed from the arrangements of
different components.
A point marks a position in space.

Point Small objects can be seen as points
Initially, therefore, it can be indicated
by some secondary means such as
crossed or focusing lines or a point of
light.

TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
a) A point b) A point of density c) Crossed lines d) focused lines
In reality, a point needs some dimension to attract the attention and in the
lai1dscape small or distant objects may be regarded as points.
A bale of straw, a lone tree, a small distant building arecommon examples.
(a) a church or
similar
object on
the
horizon
(b) a point of
light such
as a star in
the sky.
(c) the point

where
parallel
lines
appear to
converge.
(d) lines and a

feature on
the Many features in the
horizon landscape can be
create a regarded as points.
focal point.

TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
* Basic Elements - Line

•* Extending a point in one dimension
creates a line.
•Lines can be implied by the location of
points.
•*Lines can be imaginary yet still exert

influence.
•Edges of planes can be seen as lines.
•*Lines can have their own properties.
Line
•Natural lines are common and important
in the landscape.
•*Man-made lines are also numerous.
• Lines as boundaries are used extensively.

• *Lines can act as defining elements in
architecture.
* Basic Elements - Line

•It needs thickness to register and can have specfic
properties in the way it is drawn or created:
•for example clean, fuzzy, irregular or discontinuous.
•The edge or edges of planes are also lines at certain

distances as are the boundaries between different
colors and textures.
•A line can be implied by the position of points or the

association of edges. !: can also have a distinct shape
and with that implv a direction an . force or energy .
Line

TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
Extending point
smooth line
Edge of planes
The boundary line Stiff line
A broken line
Variable width
A fuzzy line
Simple line
The sky line or horizon
Lines of communication - canals, railways, roads - also establish their own patterns.
Sometimes these different lines are in harmony; sometimes they cut across each other to
create discordance and conflict.

TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM

TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
* Basic Elements - Plane

*A one-
one-dimensional line is extended to produce a
two-
two-dimensional plane.
* Planes can be flat: curved or twisted.
*Planes can be implied as well as real.
* Planes in different positions may enclose space.
*Naturally perfect planes are few.

Plane
* The land surface is a plane.
* Faces of built forms are planes.
*Planes can be used as media for other treatment.
*Planes can be used for their inherent qualities

such as reflection.

TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
* Basic Elements - Plane

*Of itself it has no depth or thickness, only length and
width.
* A piece of paper or a thin wall can e regarded as more
or less pure planes for all practical purposes.
*Where planes enclose space they may assume a specific

function such as floor, wall or roof planes.
Plane
The plane can however be

used in its own right: the
reflecting pool is one classic
example.
The fields used for many

games -football, cricket,
bowls or tennis - depend on
precisely laid out plane
In design surfaces.
terms the
plane is best Some buildings feature
understood as horizontal planes to achieve
the medium specific effects such as the
for other emphasis of the ground plane
treatment such with a parallel, flat roof.
as the
application of The vertical planes forming
texture or the sheer glass facades on
color or as a some skyscrapers may
device to produce reflections of the sky
enclose space.
or surrounding buildings.

TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
* Basic Elements - Volume

*Volume is the three-
three-dimensional extension of a two
dimensional plane.
*Volume can be solid or open.
*Solid volumes can be geometric or irregular.
* Buildings, landforms, trees and woods are all solid

volumes -mass in space.
* Open volumes are defined by planes or other solid

Volume volumes -enclosed space.
*Interiors of buildings, deep valleys and the space

beneath the forest canopy are all open volumes.
volumes.

TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
* Basic Elements - Volume

*From two dimensions we move to three and so gain
volume.
*There are two types of volume:

* Solid volume - where the three-
three-dimensional element
forms a volume or mass in space.
*Open volume - where a volume of space is enclosed by
other elements such as planes.
*Solid volumes can be geometric., Euclidean solids such

as the cube, tetrahedron, sphere and cone are examples
Volume of this.
*In the landscape the Egyptian pyramids and other

ancient man-
man-made structures rank alongside more recent
examples of geodesic spheres and glass cubes as
examples of geometric volumes.

TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
A modern example of
a geometric solid
volume : a spherical
buildings (actual1y
composed of many
small planes)
Some of the most impressive urban spaces are the result of careful positioning of planes
(building facades) to create open volumes. These may interconnect and flow from one to
another in a carefully planned fashion.

TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
* Combination of Elements
* It is rare for one basic element to exist in isolation.
* Distinctions between elements may be blurred.
•Distance may change the perception of which element

is present .
A number of points may appear as a line or a plane while

at different distances planes may be seen as points or
lines (edges) and faces of solid or open volumes.
Combination of
Elements

TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM

TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM
Kuala Lumpur City Center ( KLCC )

TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM

TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM


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TechEd 2005 10/8/2007 12:29 PM

© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

From the moment we are born we gradually

Through this process of growing and

© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

* Basic Elements - Point

A point marks a position in space.

© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

a) A point b) A point of density c) Crossed lines d) focused lines

A bale of straw, a lone tree, a small distant building arecommon examples.

(c) the point

(d) lines and a

© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

* Basic Elements - Line

•*Lines can be imaginary yet still exert

• Lines as boundaries are used extensively.

* Basic Elements - Line

•The edge or edges of planes are also lines at certain

•A line can be implied by the position of points or the

© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

The boundary line Stiff line

The sky line or horizon

© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

* Basic Elements - Plane

* Planes can be flat: curved or twisted.

*Planes can be implied as well as real.

* Planes in different positions may enclose space.

*Naturally perfect planes are few.

* Faces of built forms are planes.

*Planes can be used as media for other treatment.

*Planes can be used for their inherent qualities

© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

* Basic Elements - Plane

*Where planes enclose space they may assume a specific

The plane can however be

The fields used for many

© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

* Basic Elements - Volume

*Volume can be solid or open.

*Solid volumes can be geometric or irregular.

* Buildings, landforms, trees and woods are all solid

* Open volumes are defined by planes or other solid

*Interiors of buildings, deep valleys and the space

© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

* Basic Elements - Volume

*There are two types of volume:

*Solid volumes can be geometric., Euclidean solids such

*In the landscape the Egyptian pyramids and other

© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

* Distinctions between elements may be blurred.

•Distance may change the perception of which element

A number of points may appear as a line or a plane while

© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Kuala Lumpur City Center ( KLCC )

© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

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