Name Date CHAPTER 11, LESSON 1

Summary: The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution Begins
The Industrial Revolution began with textile machines. Find and underline each
vocabulary word.
These machines turned cotton into yarn. In 1793, Eli
Whitney invented the cotton gin, a machine that cleaned textile noun, cloth or fabric
cotton quickly. Cotton became America’s biggest export. interchangeable parts
noun, parts made by a
Then the government hired Whitney to make thousands of machine to be exactly the
guns. At that time guns were made by hand. Whitney same size and shape
thought of a way to make them quickly and cheaply. He used mass production noun,
interchangeable parts and mass production. Soon factories making many products at
once
began using his ideas. The nation’s productivity increased. productivity noun, the
amount of goods and
Machines Bring Change services made by a
Entrepreneurs used machines to change how people worked. worker in a certain
Francis Lowell built a mill that turned cotton into cloth. amount of time
Soon other factories opened. New inventions, like reapers entrepreneur noun, a
person who takes risks to
and steel plows, made farm work easier and faster. Before start a new business
the Industrial Revolution, people worked on farms or in
workshops. Now many people worked in factories.

Changes in Transportation REVIEW What did

In the 1800s, dirt roads could not be used in bad weather. Whitney do to manufacture
guns more quickly and
The government built a paved road from Maryland to Ohio. cheaply? Circle the
People built towns and opened businesses to sell goods. sentence that tells the
Robert Fulton invented a steamboat that could travel answer.
without wind or currents. Soon there were many steamboats. REVIEW In what ways did
In 1825, the Erie Canal opened. This canal made it easier to the workday change for
many people during the
ship goods between Lake Erie and the Hudson River. Many Industrial Revolution?
canals were built. Rivers and canals became the fastest and Underline two sentences that
cheapest way to ship goods. tell the answer.
Steam locomotive trains were even faster than REVIEW Why were steam
steamboats. Trips that took 32 hours by steamboat took only locomotives better than
other forms of
10 hours by train. Soon the United States had thousands of transportation? Underline 3
miles of railroad track. Factories and farmers sent their sentences that give reasons
goods faster to places all over the country. why.

Resources for Reaching All Learners

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