Plant and Animal Cells

Which 2 organelles do you only find in plant cells?

Cell Wall and Chloroplast

 Plant and Animal Cells

Which organelle do you only find in animal cells?

Centriole
 Plant and Animal Cells

What other differences are there?

• Animal cells are any shape, plant cells are square
• Animal cells have small vacuoles, plant cells have a large
central vacuole
 Specialized Animal Cells
• All animal cells begin as Stem Cells which are
unspecialized cells that have the ability to
differentiate (change) into any type of cell.

• The cells in your body

all have a specific job,
so they specialize
(form specific
structures/features) in
order to do this
 Specialized Animal Cells - Types
1) Red Blood Cell (Erythrocytes)

• Transports gases using hemoglobin (protein)

• Does not have a nucleus so it can carry more
 Specialized Animal Cells - Types
2) White Blood Cell (Leukocytes)

• Fights off infections and foreign cell in the

body
 Specialized Animal Cells - Types
3) Neuron (Nerve Cell)

• Transmits electrical signals to and from the

brain
 Specialized Animal Cells - Types
4)Epithelial Cell (Skin and Tissue Cell)

• Cover, protect and line the body. Also allow

for absorption in intestines/lungs
 Specialized Animal Cells - Types
5) Muscle Cell – contract (become shorter) to
create movement, there are 3 types:

a) Skeletal

b) Cardiac (Heart)

c) Smooth
 Specialized Plant Cells
• Plant cells have their own type of
unspecialized cells also, they are called
Meristem Cells.

They can also

change into any
type of cell.
 Specialized Plant Cells - Types
1) Root Hair Cell

• Found in the roots of plants

• Increase surface area so the plant can absorb
more water/nutrients
 Specialized Plant Cells - Types
2) Palisade Cell (Leaf Cell)

• Found in the leaves of plants

• Have a lot of chloroplasts so they can perform
photosynthesis
 Specialized Plant Cells - Types
3) Xylem Vessel

• Found in the stem of plants (the vascular

portion)
• Transports water/minerals from soil into the
plant
 Specialized Plant Cells - Types
4) Phloem Vessel

• Found in the stem of plants (the vascular

portion)
• Transports food (sugar from photosynthesis) up
and down the rest of the plant
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What is the purpose of

hemoglobin?

To carry Oxygen
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What type of biomolecule

is Hemoglobin?

Protein
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What is the function of

a white blood cell?

Fight infections
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What does it mean when

muscles ‘contract’?

They get shorter to create

movement
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What is the function of

a neuron?

To transmit electrical signals

to and from the brain
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What cells to all animal

cells come from?

Stem Cells
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What type of cell creates

the linings in the body?

Epithelial Cells
 Review Time

How do root hair cells

help plants survive?

They increase surface area to

absorb more water/nutrients
 Review Time

What are the two

vascular cells in plants?

Xylem and Phloem

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What is the difference

between xylem and phloem?

Xylem transports water/minerals

up the stem
Phloem transports food (sugars)
up and down the stem
 Review Time

What is the name of the

stem cells in plants?

Meristem Cells