Document No.

: FM-EEC-18-01
LABORATORY EXPERIMENT REPORT RUBRIC
Effective Date: July 1, 2017

NAME OF STUDENT: DATE SUBMITTED:

Guieb, Ian R. March 16, 2019

EXPERIMENT TITLE EVALUATOR:
Medium Length Line: Nominal π Method Engr. Senen Fenomeno

Poor Fair Good Very Good Excellent

Criteria Score
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
A. Completeness and The laboratory report is The laboratory report is The laboratory report is The laboratory report is The laboratory report
organization of the untidy, did not follow untidy, followed the given neat, followed the given neat, followed the given is very neat, well
the given format, some format, some parts are format, some parts are format, no missing parts, presented, followed
Experiment
parts are missing, most missing, most questions missing, mostly and only a few questions the given format,
Laboratory Report
questions are not are not answered. questions are not are not answered. organized, and the
answered. answered. required content is
complete.
The result, gathered The result is correct, The result and The result and The result, gathered
data, and answers to however, gathered gathered data were gathered data were all data, and answers to
questions were all data, and answers to correct, however, correct, and most of questions are all
incorrect. If data questions were all answers to questions the answers to correct. If data sheets
B.Correctness of the sheets are required in incorrect. If data sheets were all incorrect. If questions are all correct. If are required in the
the experiment, they are are required in the data sheets are data sheets are required in experiment, data
gathered data and
not used. experiment, data sheets required in the the experiment, data sheets are fully
answers to sheets are consulted
are used but experiment, data consulted and correct
questions. wrong data are used sheets are consulted data are used in the
in the computation or but some of the data but with few wrong tabulation or
tabulated. used are wrong. data used in the computation.
computation or
tabulation.

The interpretation of The interpretation of The interpretation of The interpretation of The interpretation of
data and discussion were data and discussion data and discussion data and discussion data and discussion
C.Interpretation of not based on the result were based on the were based on the were based on the were based on the
data and and data result and data result and data result and data result and data
discussion gathered during the gathered during the gathered during the gathered during the gathered during the
experiment. experiment, but does experiment, and experiment, and experiment and are
not present clarity. somehow presents mostly presents clarity. presented very clearly.
clarity.
The conclusion was The conclusion was The conclusion was The conclusion was The conclusion was
not based on the based on the based on the based on the based on the
D.Conclusion objectives and all objectives but not all objectives and few of objectives and most of objectives and all of
ideas are not coherent of the ideas are the ideas are coherent the ideas are coherent the ideas are coherent
or clear. coherent nor clear. but not too clear. and clear. and presented very
clearly.
The words used were The words used were The words used were The words used were The words used were
not appropriate, had somehow appropriate, appropriate, had good appropriate, had very appropriate, had
poor grammar, had had good grammar, grammar, had good good grammar, had excellent grammar,
E. Use of Language bad sentence had good sentence sentence construction very good sentence had excellent
construction and ideas construction and not and few of the ideas construction and sentence construction
were not clearly all ideas were clearly were clearly almost all of the ideas and all of the ideas
expressed. expressed. expressed. were clearly were clearly
expressed. expressed.
The laboratory report The laboratory report The laboratory report was The laboratory report The laboratory report
F. Promptness was submitted two or was submitted one week submitted three to six was submitted one to was submitted on
more weeks late. late. days late two days late. time.
 FINAL DATA SHEET
Experiment No. 3 – Medium Length Line: Nominal π Method

Group No.: B
Table 1A – Resistive Load (C = 4uF)

Trial VS IS PS VD IC1 IC2 I VR IR PR pfR %VR %η

25% 141.5 1.483 208.1 20.5 0.23 0.21 1.49 139 1.457 202.2 1 4.6763 97.1648
50% 140.4 2.73 379 39.06 0.21 0.2 2.57 130.55 2.76 360.5 1 11.4516 95.1187
75% 139.6 3.79 504.9 54.32 0.21 0.49 3.92 122.16 3.85 472 1 19.1061 93.4839
100% 139.2 4.69 591.5 67.1 0.21 0.189 4.9 114.5 4.77 544 1 27.0742 91.9696
125% 138.6 5.45 651 77.3 0.21 0.16 5.7 106.6 5.564 592 1 36.4916 90.9370
150% 138.4 6.09 685.2 85.9 0.21 0.12 6.4 99.2 6.22 618 1 46.6734 90.1926

VRNL = 145.5

Table 1B – Resistive Load (C = 8uF)

Trial VS IS PS VD IC1 IC2 I VR IR PR pfR %VR %η
25% 145.55 1.69 229.62 21.2 0.44 0.48 1.52 145.06 1.5809 220.85 1 2.9919 96.1807
50% 143.08 2.86 409.25 41 0.44 0.42 2.898 136.02 2.8762 391.59 1 9.8368 95.6848
75% 142.4 3.92 545 56.76 0.44 0.4 4.04 127.02 4.02 511.4 1 17.6193 93.8349
100% 142.41 4.81 637 69.9 0.44 0.38 4.97 118.71 4.97 590.3 1 25.8529 92.6688
125% 141.55 5.56 687.9 80.2 0.44 0.34 5.77 110.23 5.77 636.1 1 35.5348 92.4698
150% 140.2 6.15 717.3 88.4 0.44 0.31 6.4 111.57 6.39 649.51 1 33.9070 90.5493

VRNL = 149.4
 Table 2A – Resistive and Inductive Loads (C = 4uF)

Trial VS IS PS VD IC1 IC2 I VR IR PR pfR %VR %η

25% 143.42 1.64 183.42 24.91 0.23 0.19 1.78 124.6 1.89 175.8 0.74 16.4526 95.8456
50% 143.32 2.69 328.78 39.69 0.23 0.19 2.82 119.01 2.88 311.24 0.91 21.9225 94.6651
75% 142.47 3.68 441.7 53.09 0.2 0.18 3.8 112.72 3.84 412.8 0.95 28.7260 93.4571
100% 142.15 4.53 527.5 65.1 0.2 0.17 4.652 106.63 4.69 485.56 97 36.0780 92.0493
125% 141.64 5.28 589.3 75 0.2 0.15 5.41 100.13 5.44 534.75 0.98 44.9116 90.7433
150% 141.59 5.93 631.5 83.9 0.2 0.14 6.067 94.19 6.09 566.46 0.99 54.0503 89.7007

VRNL = 145.10

Table 2B – Resistive and Inductive Loads (C = 8uF)

Trial VS IS PS VD IC1 IC2 I VR IR PR pfR %VR %η
25% 143.59 1.47 188.46 23.81 0.44 0.39 1.701 126.7 1.93 181.59 0.74 17.6796 96.3547
50% 143.12 2.59 337.62 39.27 0.45 0.38 2.789 120.66 2.99 319.31 0.91 23.5704 94.5767
75% 142.21 3.59 452 53.27 0.45 0.35 3.804 114.06 3.89 423.1 0.95 30.7207 93.6062
100% 141.57 4.44 537.6 65.3 0.45 0.33 4.675 107.7 4.74 496.56 0.97 38.4401 92.3661
125% 141.3 5.19 597.8 75.7 0.45 0.3 5.43 101.15 5.49 545.68 0.98 47.4048 91.2814
150% 140.83 5.82 638.8 84.1 0.45 0.28 6.077 94.76 6.13 572.5 0.99 57.3449 89.6212
Sample Computations:

For Table 1A:

%VR:
141.5 − 139
𝑎𝑡 25%: 𝑥 100 = 1.80%
139
%Efficiency
202.2
𝑎𝑡 25%: 𝑥 100 = 97.16%
208.1
For Table 1B:
%VR:
141.3 − 142.1
𝑎𝑡 25%: 𝑥 100 = −0.56%
142.1
%Efficiency
211.8
𝑎𝑡 25%: 𝑥 100 = 97.74%
216.7
For Table 2A:
%VR:
141.7 − 122.9
𝑎𝑡 25%: 𝑥 100 = 15.30%
122.9
%Efficiency
171.3
𝑎𝑡 25%: 𝑥 100 = 96.18%
178.1
For Table 2B:
%VR:
141.2 − 124.7
𝑎𝑡 25%: 𝑥 100 = 14.03%
124.7
%Efficiency
175.5
𝑎𝑡 25%: 𝑥 100 = 96.16%
182.5
Graphs:

Load percentage vs Voltages

160

140

120

100
Axis Title

Vr
80
Vs
60 Vd
40

20

0
25% 50% 75% 100% 125% 150%

Load percentage vs Currents

7

5
Ir
Axis Title

4 Is
Ic1
3
Ic2
2
I
1

0
25% 50% 75% 100% 125% 150%
 Load percentage vs Power
700

600

500
Axis Title

400
Pr
300 Ps

200

100

0
25% 50% 75% 100% 125% 150%
Answers to Questions and Problems
1. Explain why the receiving end voltage of a nominal Pi circuit at no load is no longer equal
to its sending end voltage.

This is due to the fact that there are capacitive reactances present parallel to both
the sending end and receiving end, and impedance in between them.

2. What is the voltage across each of the shunt capacitance of a nominal Pi circuit?

The voltage across each of the shunt capacitance is equal to the sending end and
receiving end voltages, respectively.

3. How is the power loss determined in a Nominal Pi circuit?

The power loss is determined by the current flowing through the transmission line
impedance Z.

4. A 120 km three-phase transmission line has a series impedance of 15 + j50 ohms and shunt
susceptance to neutral of j10 x 10-4 siemens. It is supplying a balanced three-phase load of
30MVA at 115 kV and 80% lagging power factor. What is the percent regulation and
efficiency of the line? (Use the nominal Pi equivalent circuit).

2
𝑉𝑅𝑁𝑁𝐿 = 𝑉𝑆 [ ]
2 + 𝑍𝑌
2
𝑉𝑅𝑁𝑁𝐿 = (115 𝑘𝑉) [ ]
2 + (15 + 𝑗10)(𝑗10 𝑥 10−4 )
𝑉𝑅𝑁𝑁𝐿 = 115.5764∠ − 0.4319 kV

115.5764 − 115
%𝑉𝑅 = 𝑥 100% = 4.987%
115.5764
Interpretation of Results

This experiment simulates the medium length line, but unlike the last experiment

performed, this experiment uses the nominal pi method. This method employs the use of pi

configuration, which consists of capacitive reactances parallel to the sending end and receiving

end, and the transmission line impedance in between them.

The first part of the experiment uses only resistive loads, with varying shunt capacitances

(4uF and 8uF) at the “legs” of the pi configuration. One noticeable difference of this method is

that the receiving end voltage is much lower than the sending end voltage, especially when the

percentage of resistive load is increased. Also, the voltage regulation is higher compared to the

previous experiment, even with the same values for the loads. As for the different shunt

capacitances, there is not much difference, as shown on tables 1A and 1B.

The second part of the experiment uses both resistive and inductive loads, with shunt

capacitances the same as the ones used in the first part. Just like the previous experiment, the trends

are almost similar when comparing the second part and first part of the experiment, like the lower

power factor and power delivered to the sending end. Also, comparing the values obtained from

the last experiment, the sum of the two voltage drops across the transmission line in a nominal T

is equal to the voltage drop at the nominal pi configuration.

Conclusion

 The power loss in a nominal pi circuit is dependent on current I at the impedance Z at

the transmission line.

 The receiving end voltage is much lower compared to the sending end voltage.

 Just like in nominal T configuration, the capacitance has shown to have an effect in the

transmission line configuration as conductance is still negligible due to the low current

flowing through it. Its current is lower than the current flowing at the capacitor.

 Having higher capacitance is better since we arrived with higher efficiency and voltage

regulation.

 The current flowing through the capacitor is decreasing as the current flowing through

at the sending and receiving end are increasing as we increase the percentage resistance

of load.

 Power factor at resistive loads is at unity since the load is fully resistive. When the

inductance is involved, the power factor is increasing as the load increases.

 The efficiency is decreasing when the load increases for all trials of this experiment.

 The voltage drop is increasing when the load increase for all trials.
Phasor Diagram:

VS = 141.5 V

VD = 20.5 V

IR = 1.457 A VR = 139 V
pfR = 1; ϴ = 0

TRIAL 1 for Table 1A: 25% Load Resistance

VS = 141.7 V

VD = 24.5 V

IX
pfR = 0.748; ϴ = 41.58 VR = 122.9 V
IR
VR = 122.9 V
IR = 1.75 A

TRIAL 1 for Table 2A: 25% Load Resistance