I.

INTRODUCTION
I.1 GENERAL
Soil investigation reports present the field data and technical analysis of the results
of the soil investigation at the site "Offshore Ground Investigation for Sengkang LNG
Export Terminal" with contract number 011-208/009/PTSI-PPK/GIW-XI-2012 is
based on PT. SLIPFORM INDONESIA demand. Where our Geotechnical
Investigation Team Leader by Andi Haikal, ST has investigated the soil in the form of
Core Drill test as many as 7 (seven) points on the 22 December to 15 January 2013
and laboratory testing on soil samples obtained from the drillings. The locations of the
investigated points are shown at Appendix A.
I. 2 LOCATION OF SOIL INVESTIGATION
Soil investigation is located in the Langkenna District Village, Keera, Wajo
Regency, Sengkang, South Sulawesi about 200 km to the north-east from Makassar,
the capital city of South Sulawesi Province. The project site can be reached by about
six-hour car driving from Makassar. The location of the project site is as shown in
Figure 1.
1200 1250

Note :
Project Offshore Ground
Investigation for Sengkang
00
LNG Export Terminal
at Langkenna District
Village, Keera, Wajo
Regency, Sengkang, South
Sulawesi.

50

Figure 1. Project Location

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 I.3 PURPOSE OF THE INVESTIGATION
The purpose of the investigation of the soil (Soil Investigation) is to conduct a
feasibility study of the early stages of preliminary studies and engineering 'Offshore
Ground Investigation for Sengkang LNG Export Terminal ".
The objectives of the investigation are:
a. To get an idea of the stratigraphy or basic soil profile at the site level plans
“Offshore Ground Investigation for Sengkang LNG Export Terminal".
b. Obtain an overview of the physical, mechanical and engineering as well as
characteristics of the soil material based on laboratory and field tests.
c. Make recommendations for the purpose of foundation design so that it can be
implemented safely and economically.
I.4 STANDARD METHODS OF SOIL INVESTIGATION AND LABORATORY
Table 1. Soil Investigation and Laboratory Standards
No. Type of Work Standard Purpose
I. Field Work
a. Core Drill ASTM D-1452-80 Knowing the soil type and structure visually
Knowing the strength of the soil by
ASTM D-1586-84 counting the number of collisions of the
standard hammer
b. S.P.T

ASTM D-1587-83 For the purposes of laboratory

II. Undisturbed soil sampling

III. Laboratory Test

1. Grain Size Distribution and Plasticity ASTM D422-63 For Soil Classification According
2. Unconfined Compression and or ASTM D2166-91 To Estimate Soil Share Strength
Direct Share Test ASTM D3080-90 Characteristics
3. Consolidation Test ASTM D 2435 – 89 Knowing the properties and behavior of soil
compaction under the working voltage
4. Triaxial Compression Test ASTM D 2850-95 To Estimate Soil Share Strength
Characteristics
5. Water Content and Unit Weight Test ASTM D-4643-93 Knowing the moisture condition of the
original soil sample and the weight of unity
volume

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No. Type of Work Standard Purpose
6. Soil Chemical and Organic Test Atomisasi To know the ingredients and organic
chemicals of the soil
7. Sulphate Content of Soil and Ground Spektrofotometri Knowing the sulphate content of the soil
Water and ground water
8. pH Value Test SNI 06-6989.11 -2004 Knowing the pH value of the soil
9. Carbonate Content Test Knowing the carbonate content of the soil
10. Chloride Content Test Titrimetri Knowing the chloride content of the soil
11. Soil Compaction Test ASTM D1157-91 To obtain optimum moisture content and
maximum dry weight
12. Dry Density and Moisture Content ASTM D4318-84 To know the dry density and moisture
Test content of the soil
13. Atterberg Limits ASTM D4318-93 Determine the plastic limit and liquid
& D427-93 limit, used for the classification of fine-
grained soil

All field tests were carried out in accordance to the ASTM standards. The results of
the site investigation as boring logs are presented in Appendix B and the results of the
laboratory tests are enclosed in Appendix C of this report and presented as tables and
graphs.

II. DESCRIPTION LAND INQUIRY

II.1 METHOD OF INQUIRY LAND

a. Core Drilling
Core drilling (core drilling) is done in order to get below the surface of the ground
state of the nature engineering, derived from visual descriptions and laboratories
(classification of rock / soil). Drilling carried out using rotary drilling machine (rotary
drilling) brands YBM type B1. The drill used is BX-size core barrel size. Drilling is
done by the system "Coring / Washing". Core sampling soil stratigraphy in accordance
with the progress / progress of drilling.

b. Soil Sampling
Taking undisturbed sample is intended to obtain a relatively original soil samples
(in-situ). Samples were taken with a thin tube, which is pressed on the desired depth of
the soil with tools used, the soil. Examples are drawn immediate "sealing" with
paraffin on both ends and immediately sent to the laboratory.

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 c. Laboratory
Laboratory experiment conducted primarily to determine the index properties and
engineering properties, in order to obtain soil parameters used in the design of
foundation construction (look at the table 2 summary labs).

II.2 SUMMARY OF INQUIRY LAND

Drill Core
Table 3 : Land Drilling Result
Point Drill Elev. MT Max Dept S.P.T. Sampling
Core (m) (m) (TEST) Undisturbed Disturbed
1.DH-J01 - -
2.DH-J02 - 0,71 -
3.DH-J04 - 0,15 -
4.DH-J07 - 0,80 30 15 1 -
5.DH-J09 - 30 14 1 2
6.DH-J11 - 0,17 60 15 1 -
7.DH-J12 - 60 10 1 -
8.DH-J13 - 60 14 1
9.DH-J15 - 60 15 1
10.DH-J16 - 0,26 30 12 1
11.DH-J17 - 0,385
12.DH-J21 0,12
13.DH-J24
Elev.BM = -2,728 m

III. SURFACE CONDITION

III.1 GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF SENGKANG AND SURROUNDING AREAS

Based on the data and information Geological Map, where the site is area, Deposits
of alluvium, swamps and beaches: Gravel, sand, clays, mud and limestone, coral, formed in
the environment of rivers, marshes, beaches and deltas. Around 1900, Bulukumba and s.
Otters mainly consist of sedimentary aluviumnya rocks rombakan gung battang Lompo
Mountain fire; on the West coast there is a vast swamp deposits.( see figure 02)
ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS :swamps and beaches: Pebble, sand, clays, mud and
limestone, coral, formed in the environment of rivers, marshes, beaches and deltas.
Around 1900, Bulukumba and s. Otters mainly consist of sedimentary aluviumnya
rocks rombakan gung battang Lompo Mountain fire; on the West coast there is a vast
swamp deposits.

FORMASI WALANAE : sandstone interspersed with silt stone, tufa, marl mudstone,
conglomerate and limestone and some crumbly; generally light-colored, white, gray,
brown and light gray. Fine grained sandstone to coarse generally tufa and calcareous,
consisting of mainly of igneous and partly contains many quartz.

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 Figure 2. Geology Map

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 III.2 CONDITIONS AND LAND STRATA SITE (SITE CONDITIONS)

The result of the ground investigation on the ground in the form of 7 (seven) Core
Drill and the profile of the soil strata estimates, it can be concluded about the state of the
soil below the surface (subsurface soil condition) in the location plan offshore Ground
Investigation for Sengkang LNG Export Terminal can be divided into 5 (five) unit of
layers, as if table:

Table 4. Summary Stratigraphy Site Location

Percutaneous
No. Land Unit Layer Thin Description of Voltage
Unit (Elevation) (m) Soil Types
N-SPT N-SPT
Unit Layer 1
Very Soft Black Organic
I
Top soil  2,00 Mud consist of Clay, Silty 3
Silty Clays
Organic
Elev-1,0 s/d – 3,0
Unit Layer II Stiff Brownish Gray Silty
II Silty, Sands  2,0 with some fine medium  40 ~  60
Elev. -3,0 s/d -5,00 Sands
Unit layer III Very Stiff gray Silty Clay
III Silty , Clay 5 with Occasional fine  60 ~  100
Elev. – 5,00 s/d – 10,0 medium Sands
Unit layer IV Hard Dark Gray Clay with
IV Hard Clay occasional Silty, slighty  100~ > 200
Elev. -10,0 s/d – 21,0 Cemented Hard
Unit layer V
Very Stiff Greenish Gray
V Hard Clay  100~ > 200
Clay
Elev. -21,0 s/d – 50,0
The results of the site investigation as Profile are presented in Appendix D

IV. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

IV.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL AT SITE

- Silty clay surface soil layer, soft density ± 1.0 m thick clay silt is organic while
the lower part is clay with sand inserts silt or sandy silt containing high plasticity
clay with a density of over increased steadily until layer below.
- Starting from depth of 3.0 m down N SPT > 60 kg / cm ² layer of hard soil over
clay dominant solid

IV.2 PLANNED CONSTRUCTION

According to the information an LNG terminal including its related facilities will be
constructed within the investigated site is "Offshore Ground Investigation for Sengkang
LNG Export Terminal"

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 IV.3 ELECTION STUDY FOUNDATION

Construction on the segment with Steel Pile, pile where the position of sitting on the
dock elevation assumes: - 15,00 meters. Structures with loads of foundation in hard soil
sits on the most secure to the decline, earthquake forces and so on, which can be the
foundation of the Steel-pile or bore-pile.

*Bore pile

Pekerjaan pemasangan tiang bor pada adhesi antara sisi tiang dan tanah di sekitarnya,
menunjukkan bahwa nilai adhesi lebih kecil dari pada nilai kohesi tak
terdrainase(undrained cohesion) tanah sebelum pemasangan tiang akibat dari pelunakan
lempung disekitar dinding lubang bor.

Pelunakannya terpengaruh dari bertambahnya kadar air lempung seperti air pada
pengecoran beton, pengaliran air tanah ke zona yang bertekanan lebih rendah di sekitar
lubang bor. Dapat dikurangi jika pengeboran dan pengecoran dilaksanakan waktu 1 atau 2
jam.

- Keuntungan dan kerugian tiang bore

Keuntungan Bore pile Kerugian bore pile

1. Pengecoran tiang bor dipengaruhi kondisi
1. Pemasangan tidak menimbulkan gangguan
cuaca
suara dan getaran yang membahayakan
2. Pengecoran beton agak sulit bila
bangunan sekitarnya.
dipengaruhi air tanah karena mutu beton
2. Mengurangi kebutuhan beton dan tulangan
tidak dapat dikontrol.
dowel pada pelat penutup tiang. Kolom
3. Mutu beton hasil pengecoran bila tidak
dapat secara langsung di letakkan di puncak
terjamin keseragamannya di sepanjang
tiang bore.
badan tiang bor mengurangi kapasitas
3. Kedalaman tiang dapat divariasikan.
dukung tiang bor, terutama bila tiang bor
4. Tanah dapat diperiksa dan dicocokkan
cukup dalam
dengan data laboratorium.
4. Pengeboran dapat mengakibatkan gangguan
5. Tiang bore dapat dipasang menembus
kepadatan, bila tanah berupa pasir atau
batuan
tanah berkerikil
6. Diameter tiang memungkinkan dibuat
5. Air yang mengalir ke dalam lubang bor
besar, bila perlu ujung bawah tiang dapat
dapat mengakibatkan gangguan tanah,
dibuat lebih besar guna mempertinggi
sehingga mengurangi kapasitas dukung
kapasitas dukungnya.
tiang
7. Penulangan tidak dipengaruhi oleh
tegangan pada waktu pengangkutan dan

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 pemancangan

- Prinsip pelaksanaan tiang bor sebagai berikut:

1) Tanah digali dengan mesin bor sampai kedalaman yang dikehendaki
2) Dasar lubang bor dibersihkan
3) Tulangan yang telah dirakit dimasukkan ke dalam lubang bor
4) Lubang bor diisi/di cor beton
Perhitungan dengan Metode Skempton
Tahanan ujung satuan
fb = µ Cb Nc
Tahanan ujung ultimitit
Qb=Ab fb or Qb = µ Ab Cb Nc
Dimana:
Qb = Tahanan ujung ultimitit (kN)
µ = factor koreksi, dengan µ =0,8 untuk d < 1 m, dan µ = 0.75 untuk d >1 m
Ab = luas penampang ujung bawah tiang (m2)
Cb = Kohesi tanah di bawah ujung tiang pada kondisi tak terdrainase
(undrained)(kN/m2)
Nc = factor kapasitas dukung (Nc = 9)
Kedalaman penembusan tiang pada lapisan pendukung disarankan paling sedikit 5 kali
diameter tiang. Jika tanah termasuk jenis tanah lempung retak-retak, maka Cb diambil
nilai minimum
Tahanan gesek ultimitit
Qs = 0,45 Cu As
Cu = Kohesi tak terdrainase di sepanjang tiang (kN/m2)
As = Luas selimut tiang (m2)
Kapasitas Dukung Tiang
Qu= µ Ab Nc Cb + 0.45 Cu As

V. RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the investigation of the soil in the field and the result of the above discussion
and analysis, for Offshore Ground Investigation for Sengkang LNG Export Terminal,
given the following recommendations:

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 1. Estimate using the Steel Pile where the position of sitting on the dock elevation
assumes: - 15,00 meter
2. bore pile foundation alternative uses
So The Final recommend is expected to assist in the implementation

Makassar, th 2013,

Djamaluddin Karim
Direktur CV. Primatama Prima Konsultama

Installation does not cause interference harmful noise and vibration surrounding buildings.
2. Reduce the need for concrete and reinforcing dowel pole on the cover plate. Columns can
be directly put on the top of the pile bore.
3. Depth of the pole can be varied.
4. Soil can be checked and compared with laboratory data.
5. Pole can be installed penetrate rock bore
6. Diameter of the pole allows made, if necessary, the lower end of the pole can be made
larger in order to enhance its carrying capacity.
7. Reinforcement is not affected by the voltage on the transport and erection time
1. Casting pile weather conditions affected

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2. Concrete casting a bit difficult when the ground water is affected due to the quality of the
concrete can not be controlled.
3. Casting concrete quality results if no guaranteed uniformity along the pile body and pile
bearing capacity reduces, especially when the pole drill deep enough
4. Drilling can cause interference density, when the soil in the form of sand or gravel
5. Water flowing into the wellbore can cause soil disturbance, thereby reducing the pile
bearing capacity

1.Perhitungan with Skempton method

Prisoners end unit
fb = μ Cb Nc
Prisoners end ultimitit
Qb = Ab fb or Qb = μ Ab Cb Nc
where:
Qb = Prisoners ultimitit end (kN)
μ = factor correction, with μ = 0.8 for d <1 m, and μ = 0.75 for d> 1 m
Ab = sectional area of the lower end of the pole (m2)
Cb = Cohesion of the soil under the pile tip was terdrainase conditions (undrained) (kN/m2)
Nc = bearing capacity factor (Nc = 9)
Penetration depth of the layer supporter suggested pole at least 5 times the diameter of the
pole. If the soil including clay soils cracked, then the minimum value of Cb is taken

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