FRAC Code List ©*2018: Fungicides sorted by mode of action

(including FRAC Code numbering)

INTRODUCTION
The following table lists commercial fungicides, mainly for use in plant protection, according to
their mode of action and resistance risk. The most important bactericides are also included.
Grouping is considering the biochemical mode of action, but a main driver is to identify cross-
resistance patterns between chemistries.

The Table headings are defined as:

MOA Code
Different letters (A to I, with added numbers) are used to distinguish fungicide groups according to
their biochemical mode of action (MOA) in the biosynthetic pathways of plant pathogens. The
grouping was made according to processes in the metabolism starting from nucleic acids synthesis
(A) to secondary metabolism, e.g. melanin synthesis (I) at the end of the list, followed by host plant
defence inducers (P), recent molecules with an unknown mode of action and unknown resistance
risk (U, transient status, until information about mode of action and mechanism of resistance
becomes available), and chemical multi-site inhibitors (M). Fungicidal compositions of biological
origin are grouped according to the main mode of action within the respective pathway categories.
A newly introduced category “Biologicals with multiple modes of action” (BM) is used for agents
from biological origin showing multiple mechanisms of action without evidence of a dominating
mode of action.

Target Site and Code

If available, the biochemical mode of action is given. In several cases the precise target site may not
be known, however, a grouping within a given pathway / functional cluster is still possible.
Grouping can also be made due to cross resistance profiles within a group or in relation to other
groups.

Group Name
The Group Names listed are based on chemical relatedness of structures which are accepted in
literature (e.g. The Pesticide Manual). They are based on different sources (chemical structure, site
of action, first important representative in group).

FRAC Code List© 2018 Page 1 of 14

Chemical Group
Grouping is based on chemical considerations. Nomenclature is according to IUPAC and Chemical
Abstract name.

Common name
BSI/ISO accepted (or proposed) common name for an individual active ingredient expected to
appear on the product label as definition of the product.

Comments on Resistance
Details are given for the (molecular) mechanism of resistance and the resistance risk. If field-
resistance is known to one member of the Group, it is most likely but not exclusively valid that
cross resistance to other group members will be present. There is increasing evidence that the
degree of cross resistance can differ between group members and pathogen species or even within
species. For the latest information on resistance and cross resistance status of a particular pathogen /
fungicide combination, it is advised to contact local FRAC representatives, product manufacturer’s
representatives or crop protection advisors. The intrinsic risk for resistance evolution to a given
fungicide group is estimated to be low, medium or high according to the principles described in
FRAC Monographs 1, 2 and 3. Resistance management is driven by intrinsic risk of fungicide,
pathogen risk and agronomic risk (see FRAC pathogen risk list).

Similar classification lists of fungicides have been published by T. Locke on behalf of FRAG – UK
(Fungicide Resistance, August 2001), and by P. Leroux (Classification des fongicides agricoles et
résistance, Phytoma, La Défense des Végétaux, No. 554, 43-51, November 2002).

FRAC Code
Numbers and letters are used to distinguish the fungicide groups according to their cross resistance
behaviour. This code should be used to define the GROUP Number on product labels. The numbers
were assigned primarily according to the time of product introduction to the market. The letters
refer to P = host plant defence inducers, M = chemical multi-site inhibitors, U = unknown mode of
action and unknown resistance risk, and BM = biologicals with multiple modes of action.
Reclassification of compounds based on new research may result in codes to expire. This is most
likely in the U – section when the mode of actions gets clarified. These codes are not re-used for
new groups; a note is added to indicate reclassification into a new code.

Last update: February 2018

Next update decisions: January 2019

* Disclaimer
The FRAC Code List is the property of FRAC and protected by copyright laws. The FRAC Code
List may be used for educational purposes without permission from FRAC. Commercial use of this
material may only be made with the express, prior and written permission of FRAC. Inclusion to the
FRAC Code List is based on scientific evaluation of the mode of action of the active ingredients; it
does not provide any kind of testimonial for the use of a product or a judgment on efficacy.

FRAC Code List© 2018 Page 2 of 14

 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE CODE
benalaxyl
benalaxyl-M Resistance and cross resistance
(=kiralaxyl) well known in various
acylalanines furalaxyl Oomycetes but mechanism
A1 PA – fungicides metalaxyl unknown.
4
A: nucleic acids metabolism

(PhenylAmides) metalaxyl-M
RNA polymerase I (=mefenoxam) High risk.
See FRAC Phenylamide
oxazolidinones oxadixyl Guidelines
for resistance management
butyrolactones ofurace
Medium risk. Resistance and
A2
hydroxy- bupirimate cross resistance known in
hydroxy-
(2-amino-)
(2-amino-) pyrimidines
dimethirimol powdery mildews. 8
adenosin- pyrimidines ethirimol Resistance management
deaminase required.
A3 isoxazoles hymexazole
DNA/RNA synthesis heteroaromatics Resistance not known. 32
(proposed) isothiazolones octhilinone
A4 Bactericide. Resistance known.
Risk in fungi unknown.
carboxylic acids carboxylic acids oxolinic acid
Resistance management
31
DNA topoisomerase
type II (gyrase) required.

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 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE CODE
Resistance common in many
benomyl
fungal species. Several target
carbendazim
benzimidazoles site mutations, mostly
fuberidazole
E198A/G/K, F200Y in β-tubulin
MBC - thiabendazole
gene.
B1 fungicides
Positive cross resistance
ß-tubulin assembly (Methyl
between the group members.
1
in mitosis Benzimidazole
Negative cross resistance to N-
Carbamates) thiophanate
thiophanates Phenylcarbamates.
thiophanate-methyl
High risk. See FRAC
Benzimidazole Guidelines
for resistance management.
Resistance known. Target site
B2 N-phenyl mutation E198K. Negative cross
B: Cytoskeleton and motor protein

N-phenyl
ß-tubulin assembly carbamates
carbamates diethofencarb resistance to benzimidazoles. 10
in mitosis High risk. Resistance
management required.
benzamides toluamides zoxamide
B3 Low to medium risk.
ß-tubulin assembly Resistance management 22
thiazole ethylamino-thiazole- required.
in mitosis ethaboxam
carboxamide carboxamide
B4
cell division phenylureas phenylureas pencycuron Resistance not known. 20
(unknown site)
B5
delocalisation of pyridinylmethyl-
benzamides
benzamides
fluopicolide Resistance not known. 43
spectrin-like
proteins
Resistance known in Fusarium
graminearum. Target site
mutations in the gene coding for
cyanoacrylates aminocyanoacrylates phenamacril myosin-5 found in lab studies. 47
Medium to high risk.
Resistance management
B6
required.
actin/myosin/fimbrin Less sensitive isolates detected
function in wheat powdery mildew.
benzophenone metrafenone
Medium risk.
aryl-phenyl-
ketones
Resistance management 50
required.
benzoylpyridine pyriofenone
Reclassified from U8 in 2018

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 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE CODE
pyrimidinamines pyrimidinamines diflumetorim
C1 pyrazole-5-
complex I NADH pyrazole-MET1
carboxamides
tolfenpyrad Resistance not known. 39
Oxido-reductase
quinazoline quinazoline fenazaquin
benodanil
phenyl-benzamides flutolanil
mepronil
phenyl-oxo-ethyl
isofetamid
thiophene amide
pyridinyl-ethyl-
fluopyram
benzamides
furan- carboxamides fenfuram
oxathiin- carboxin
Resistance known for several
carboxamides oxycarboxin
fungal species in field
thiazole- populations and lab mutants.
thifluzamide
carboxamides Target site mutations in sdh
benzovindiflupyr gene, e.g. H/Y (or H/L) at 257,
bixafen 267, 272 or P225L, dependent
C2 SDHI fluindapyr on fungal species.
complex II: (Succinate- fluxapyroxad Resistance management 7
succinate-dehydro- dehydrogenase pyrazole-4- furametpyr required.
genase inhibitors) carboxamides inpyrfluxam
isopyrazam Medium to high risk.
penflufen
penthiopyrad
C. respiration

See FRAC SDHI Guidelines

sedaxane for resistance management.
N-cyclopropyl-N-
benzyl-pyrazole- isoflucypram
carboxamides
N-methoxy-(phenyl-
ethyl)-pyrazole- pydiflumetofen
carboxamides
pyridine-
boscalid
carboxamides
pyrazine-
pyraziflumid
carboxamides
azoxystrobin
coumoxystrobin
enoxastrobin
methoxy-acrylates
flufenoxystrobin
picoxystrobin Resistance known in various
pyraoxystrobin fungal species. Target site
mutations in cyt b gene (G143A,
methoxy-acetamide mandestrobin
C3 F129L) and additional
pyraclostrobin
mechanisms.
complex III: methoxy-carbamates pyrametostrobin
cytochrome bc1 QoI-fungicides triclopyricarb
Cross resistance shown
(ubiquinol oxidase) (Quinone outside oximino-acetates kresoxim-methyl between all members of the QoI
11
at Qo site (cyt b Inhibitors) trifloxystrobin group.
gene) dimoxystrobin
fenaminstrobin High risk.
oximino-acetamides
metominostrobin
orysastrobin See FRAC QoI Guidelines
oxazolidine-diones famoxadone for resistance management.
dihydro-dioxazines fluoxastrobin
Imidazolinones fenamidone
benzyl-carbamates pyribencarb

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 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE CODE
Resistance risk unknown but
cyano-imidazole cyazofamid assumed to be medium to high
C4 (mutations at target site known
QiI - fungicides in model organisms).
complex III: (Quinone inside sulfamoyl-triazole amisulbrom Resistance management
cytochrome bc1 Inhibitors) required.
21
(ubiquinone
reductase) at Qi site No spectrum overlap with
picolinamides fenpicoxamid Oomycete fungicides
cyazofamid and amisulbrom
binapacryl
dinitrophenyl- Resistance not known.
meptyldinocap
C5
C: respiration (continued)

crotonates Also acaricidal activity.

dinocap
uncouplers of Low risk. However, resistance 29
oxidative phos- 2,6-dinitro-anilines fluazinam
claimed in Botrytis in Japan.
phorylation
(pyr.-hydrazones) (ferimzone) Reclassified to U 14 in 2012.
C6
inhibitors of fentin acetate
organo tin tri-phenyl tin Some resistance cases
oxidative phos- compounds compounds
fentin chloride
known. Low to medium risk.
30
phorylation, ATP fentin hydroxide
synthase
C7
thiophene- thiophene-
ATP transport carboxamides carboxamides
silthiofam Resistance reported. Risk low. 38
(proposed)
C8 Not cross resistant to QoI
complex III: QoSI fungicides fungicides.
cytochrome bc1 (Quinone outside Resistance risk assumed to
(ubiquinone Inhibitor, triazolo-pyrimidylamine ametoctradin be medium to high 45
reductase) at stigmatellin (single site inhibitor).
Qo site, stigmatellin binding type) Resistance management
binding sub-site required.
Resistance known in Botrytis
D1 and Venturia, sporadically in
methionine Oculimacula.
AP - fungicides cyprodinil
biosynthesis anilino-pyrimidines
(Anilino- mepanipyrim 9
D: amino acids and protein synthesis

(proposed) Medium risk.

Pyrimidines) pyrimethanil
(cgs gene) See FRAC Anilinopyrimidine
Guidelines
for resistance management.
D2 Low to medium risk.
protein synthesis enopyranuronic enopyranuronic acid
acid antibiotic antibiotic
blasticidin-S Resistance management 23
(ribosome, required.
termination step)
Resistance known in fungal
D3 and bacterial (P. glumae)
protein synthesis hexopyranosyl hexopyranosyl
antibiotic antibiotic
kasugamycin pathogens. Medium risk. 24
(ribosome, initiation Resistance management
step) required.
D4 Bactericide. Resistance
protein synthesis glucopyranosyl glucopyranosyl known. High risk.
antibiotic antibiotic
streptomycin
Resistance management
25
(ribosome, initiation
step) required.
D5 Bactericide. Resistance
protein synthesis tetracycline known. High risk.
antibiotic
tetracycline antibiotic oxytetracycline
Resistance management
41
(ribosome,
elongation step) required.

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 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE CODE
Resistance to quinoxyfen
aryloxyquinoline quinoxyfen
known. Medium risk.
E1 Resistance management
signal transduction aza-
naphthalenes
required. Cross resistance 13
(mechanism found in Erysiphe (Uncinula)
unknown) quinazolinone proquinazid
necator but not in Blumeria
graminis.
E: signal transduction

E2 Resistance found sporadically,

MAP/Histidine- mechanism speculative.
PP-fungicides fenpiclonil
Kinase in osmotic (PhenylPyrroles) phenylpyrroles
fludioxonil
Low to medium risk. 12
signal transduction Resistance management
(os-2, HOG1) required.
Resistance common in Botrytis
and some other pathogens.
Several mutations in OS-1,
E3 chlozolinate mostly I365S.
dimethachlone
MAP/Histidine- dicarboximides Cross resistance common
dicarboximides iprodione
between the group members.
2
Kinase in osmotic procymidone
signal transduction vinclozolin
(os-1, Daf1) Medium to high risk.
See FRAC Dicarboximide
Guidelines
for resistance management.

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 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE CODE
F1 formerly dicarboximides
edifenphos
F2 phosphoro-
phosphoro-thiolates iprobenfos (IBP)
Resistance known in specific
thiolates fungi. Low to medium risk.
pyrazophos
phospholipid Resistance management 6
biosynthesis, required if used for risky
dithiolanes dithiolanes isoprothiolane
methyltransferase pathogens.
biphenyl
AH-fungicides
chloroneb
(Aromatic Resistance known in some
aromatic hydrocarbons dicloran
F3 Hydrocarbons) fungi.
F: lipid synthesis or transport / membrane integrity or function

quintozene (PCNB)
(chlorophenyls, Low to medium risk.
nitroanilines)
tecnazene (TCNB)
Cross resistance patterns
14
cell peroxidation tolclofos-methyl
(proposed) complex due to different
activity spectra.
heteroaromatics 1,2,4-thiadiazoles etridiazole

F4
iodocarb Low to medium risk.
cell membrane carbamates carbamates propamocarb Resistance management 28
permeability, fatty prothiocarb required.
acids (proposed)
F5 formerly CAA-fungicides
Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens synonyms for Bacillus
strain QST 713 amyloliquefaciens are Bacillus
subtilis and B. subtilis var.
Bacillus
F6 amyloliquefaciens
amyloliquefaciens (previous
Bacillus sp. and the taxonomic classification).
microbial strain FZB24
microbial disrupters (Bacillus sp.) fungicidal lipopeptides
Bacillus Resistance not known.
44
of pathogen cell produced
amyloliquefaciens
membranes strain MBI600 Induction of host plant defence
Bacillus described as additional mode
amyloliquefaciens of action for strain QST 713
strain D747 and FZB24
extract from
F7 terpene hydrocarbons,
Melaleuca alternifolia
cell membrane (tea tree)
plant extract terpene alcohols and
plant oils (mixtures):
Resistance not known. 46
disruption terpene phenols
(proposed) eugenol, geraniol,
thymol
amphoteric macrolide
antifungal antibiotic Resistance not known
F8 polyene from Streptomyces
natamycin
agricultural, food and topical 48
ergosterol binding (pimaricin)
natalensis or medical uses.
S. chattanoogensis
OSBPI Resistance risk assumed to be
F9 oxysterol binding
piperidinyl-thiazole-
medium to high (single site
lipid homeostasis protein
isoxazolines
oxathiapiprolin inhibitor). Resistance 49
and transfer/storage homologue management required.
inhibition (Previously U15).

FRAC Code List© 2018 Page 8 of 14

 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE CODE
piperazines triforine
pyrifenox
pyridines
pyrisoxazole
fenarimol
pyrimidines
nuarimol
imazalil There are big differences in the
oxpoconazole activity spectra of DMI
imidazoles pefurazoate fungicides.
prochloraz
triflumizole Resistance is known in various
fungal species. Several
azaconazole
resistance mechanisms are
bitertanol
known incl. target site mutations
bromuconazole
in cyp51 (erg 11) gene, e.g.
cyproconazole
V136A, Y137F, A379G, I381V;
difenoconazole
cyp51 promotor; ABC
G1 DMI-fungicides
diniconazole
transporters and others.
epoxiconazole
(DeMethylation
C14- demethylase etaconazole
Inhibitors)
fenbuconazole
Generally wise to accept that 3
in sterol cross resistance is present
biosynthesis fluquinconazole
(SBI: Class I) between DMI fungicides active
(erg11/cyp51) flusilazole
G: sterol biosynthesis in membranes

against the same fungus.

flutriafol
triazoles hexaconazole
DMI fungicides are Sterol
imibenconazole
Biosynthesis Inhibitors (SBIs),
ipconazole
but show no cross resistance to
metconazole
other SBI classes.
myclobutanil
penconazole
Medium risk.
propiconazole
simeconazole
See FRAC SBI Guidelines
tebuconazole
for resistance management.
tetraconazole
triadimefon
triadimenol
triticonazole
triazolinthiones prothioconazole
aldimorph Decreased sensitivity for
G2 dodemorph powdery mildews.
morpholines
fenpropimorph Cross resistance within the
14-reductase amines tridemorph group generally found but not to
and (“morpholines”) other
87- piperidines
fenpropidin
SBI classes.
5
isomerase piperalin
(SBI: Class II)
in sterol Low to medium risk.
biosynthesis spiroketal-amines spiroxamine See FRAC SBI Guidelines
(erg24, erg2) for resistance management.
G3 KRI fungicides
(KetoReductase hydroxyanilides fenhexamid Low to medium risk.
3-keto reductase, Inhibitors) Resistance management 17
C4- de-methylation amino-pyrazolinone fenpyrazamine required.
(erg27) (SBI: Class III)

G4 Resistance not known,

thiocarbamates pyributicarb
fungicidal and herbicidal activity.
squalene-epoxidase (SBI class IV)
18
in sterol
biosynthesis naftifine
allylamines Medical fungicides only.
(erg1) terbinafine

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 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE CODE

H3 formerly glucopyranosyl
reclassified to U18 26
antibiotic (validamycin)
H: cell wall biosynthesis

Resistance known.
H4 peptidyl pyrimidine Medium risk.
polyoxins
nucleoside
polyoxin
Resistance management
19
chitin synthase required.
dimethomorph Resistance known in
cinnamic acid amides flumorph Plasmopara viticola but not in
pyrimorph Phytophthora infestans.
H5 CAA-fungicides
Cross resistance between all
(Carboxylic Acid benthiavalicarb 40
valinamide members of the CAA group.
cellulose synthase Amides) iprovalicarb
carbamates Low to medium risk.
valifenalate
See FRAC CAA Guidelines for
mandelic acid amides mandipropamid resistance management.

I1 MBI-R isobenzo-furanone fthalide

(Melanin
I: melanin synthesis in cell wall

Resistance not known.

reductase in Biosynthesis pyrrolo-quinolinone pyroquilon 16.1
melanin Inhibitors –
Reductase) triazolobenzo-
biosynthesis tricyclazole
thiazole
cyclopropane-
I2 MBI-D carboxamide
carpropamid
Resistance known.
(Melanin
Medium risk.
dehydratase in Biosynthesis carboxamide diclocymet
Resistance management
16.2
melanin Inhibitors –
required.
biosynthesis Dehydratase) propionamide fenoxanil

I3 MBI-P
(Melanin
trifluoroethyl-
polyketide synthase Biosynthesis
in melanin Inhibitors –
carbamate tolprocarb Resistance not known. 16.3
biosynthesis Polyketide
synthase)

FRAC Code List© 2018 Page 10 of 14

 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE CODE

benzo-
P1 thiadiazole
benzo-thiadiazole acibenzolar-S-
Resistance not known. P01
salicylate-related (BTH) methyl
(BTH)

probenazole
P2 benzisothiazole benzisothiazole
(also antibacterial
Resistance not known. P02
P: host plant defence induction

salicylate-related and antifungal

activity)

P3 thiadiazole- thiadiazole- tiadinil

Resistance not known. P03
salicylate-related carboxamide carboxamide isotianil

P4 natural
polysaccharide compound
polysaccharides laminarin Resistance not known. P04
elici0tors
complex mixture, extract from
P5 ethanol extract Reynoutria
anthraquinone plant extract
(anthraquinones, sachalinensis
Resistance not known. P05
elicitors resveratrol) (giant knotweed)

P6 microbial Bacillus cereus group

Bacillus mycoides
Resistance not known. P06
microbial elicitors isolate J

ethyl phosphonates fosetyl-Al Few resistance cases reported

P7 in few pathogens. P07
phosphonates
phosphonates phosphorous acid Low risk. (33)
and salts Reclassified from U33 in 2018

FRAC Code List© 2018 Page 11 of 14

 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE CODE
Resistance claims described.
cyanoacetamide- cyanoacetamide- Low to medium risk.
unknown
oxime oxime
cymoxanil
Resistance management
27
required.
formerly phosphonates (FRAC code 33), reclassified to P 07 in 2018

teclofthalam
unknown phthalamic acids phthalamic acids
(Bactericide)
Resistance not known. 34
(U numbers not appearing in the list derive from reclassified fungicides)

unknown benzotriazines benzotriazines triazoxide Resistance not known. 35

benzene- benzene-
unknown
sulfonamides sulphonamides
flusulfamide Resistance not known. 36

unknown pyridazinones pyridazinones diclomezine Resistance not known. 37

U: Unknown mode of action

formerly methasulfocarb (FRAC code 42), reclassified to M 12 in 2018

Resistance in Sphaerotheca.
phenyl-
unknown
acetamide
phenyl-acetamide cyflufenamid Resistance management U06
required
Resistance known in
cell membrane Venturia inaequalis.
disruption guanidines guanidines dodine Low to medium risk. U12
(proposed) Resistance management
recommended.
cyano-methylene-
unknown thiazolidine
thiazolidines
flutianil Resistance not known. U13

pyrimidinone- pyrimidinone- Resistance not known

unknown
hydrazones hydrazones
ferimzone
(previously C5).
U14
Not cross resistant to QoI.
complex III:
Resistance risk unknown but
cytochrome bc1, 4-quinolyl-
unknown binding acetate
4-quinolyl-acetates tebufloquin assumed to be medium. U16
Resistance management
site (proposed)
required.
Resistance not known.
Unknown tetrazolyloxime tetrazolyloximes picarbutrazox Not cross resistant to U17
PA, QoI, CAA.
Resistance not known.
Unknown
glucopyranosyl glucopyranosyl Induction of host plant defense
(Inhibition of
antibiotic antibiotics
validamycin
by trehalose proposed
U18
trehalase)
(previously H3).

FRAC Code List© 2018 Page 12 of 14

 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE CODE
NC: mineral oils,
not organic oils,
clas- unknown diverse diverse inorganic salts, Resistance not known. NC
si- material of
biological origin
fied
inorganic copper
(electrophiles)
inorganic
(different salts)
M01

inorganic
(electrophiles)
inorganic sulphur M02
ferbam
mancozeb
maneb
dithiocarbamates metiram
dithio-carbamates
and relatives
and relatives
propineb M03
(electrophiles) thiram
zinc thiazole
zineb
ziram
M: Chemicals with multi-site activity

captan
phthalimides
(electrophiles)
phthalimides captafol M04
folpet
chloronitriles Generally considered as a low
(phthalonitriles) chloronitriles risk group without any signs of
(unspecified (phthalonitriles)
chlorothalonil resistance developing to the M05
mechanism) fungicides.
multi-site
contact sulfamides dichlofluanid
(electrophiles)
sulfamides
tolylfluanid
M06
activity
bis-guanidines
(membrane guazatine
disruptors,
bis-guanidines
iminoctadine
M07
detergents)
triazines
(unspecified triazines anilazine M08
mechanism)
quinones
quinones
(anthraquinones)
(anthra-quinones)
dithianon M09
(electrophiles)

quinoxalines chinomethionat /
(electrophiles)
quinoxalines
quinomethionate
M10

maleimide
(electrophiles)
maleimide fluoroimide M11

thiocarbamate
(electrophiles)
thiocarbamate methasulfocarb Reclassified from U42 in 2018 M12

FRAC Code List© 2018 Page 13 of 14

 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
CODE
multiple modes of action multiple effects on
extract from the
cell wall, ion polypeptide
BM: Biologicals with

cotyledons of Resistance not known

membrane (from polypeptide (lectin)
lupine plantlets (previously M12).
BM01
transporters; plant extract)
(“BLAD”)
chelating effects

competition,
mycoparasitism, microbial Trichoderma spp. and Trichoderma
antibiosis, lytic (Trichoderma the fungicidal atroviride strain Resistance not known BM02
enzymes and spp.) metabolites produced SC1
induced resistance

FRAC Code List© 2018 Page 14 of 14