ρOSCO

E&C
Explanation of
B0Ⅱer strength calculation
TOTAL23PAGE

(1ncluding coveo

E旦[R9旦旦
. PROJEC丁 CODE : A80385EA
口 FO"nformation
. PROJECT NAME : COCHRANETHERMOELECTRIC POWERPLANT
口 ForReview
. DOCUMENT NO.: 0、WD110、EM300-00004
. For c0ηStrucuon
. TITLE : EXPLANATION OF BOILERSTRENGTH CALCULATION
口 For{
. PAC1くAGE : BOILER

. OWNER : EMPRESA ELECTRICA COCHRANE S.A

Jun.10, 、,
For construotion M.S.Han B.C.Lee Y.H.Joeng
2014 ^
門
'

PREPARED REVIEWED APPROVED CHECKED REV正WED APPROVED

Rev.
DATE DESCRIPTION
NO.
IHl corporation POSCOE&C

Owner

t為且6Ctrica cochrane
Una empreSヨAEs cener

C0ηtractor Sub.contractor

ρOSCO
E&C
IH夏
 (1-2/)

COCHRANE THERMOELECTRIC POVVER PLANT

266MVVX I UNIT + 1 0PTIONAL UNIT
PULVERIZED COAL FIRED BOILER

RECORD ON REVISION

Title Explanation of Boiler strength calculation Dwg. NO.; 0・VVD110・EM300-00004

REV REF.
DESCRIPTION DATE SIGN
NO. NO.
f

0 Issued for construotion 14/6門0

 注意 CAUTION
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(1)複製(方法を問わず) 〔1)11S 郎肌ODⅡCT1側 BY ANΥ柵ANS,
(2)第三者ヘの開示 (2)1TS DISCLOSⅡ詑 TO A TH1即 P肌TY. OR
(3)供与目的以外ヘの使用 (3)1TS USE F侃駅Y PURPOSE OTH殴丁IW THOSE 印R 冊{1CH IT IS SUP?L1即.

CODESTAMPED
ASME WORK (S)
配布先 ASME CODE SEO.12010 EDITION
客先殿
UP TO AND INOLUDING ADDENDA 2011

エネス ASME CODE SEC.Ⅱ 2010 EDITION

ネボPJ UP TO AND INCLUDING ADDENDA 2011

エネ肌SG
ネボ基設
ネボ本体 Note
ネボ配鉄 1. This calculation is based on ASME Boiler and pressure
エネボ技品
エネ材部
Vessel code section l(formula) and section Ⅱ
(materiaD (2010 edition up to and including addenda 2011)
and ASME B31.1-2007 (includin宮 addenda B31.1b-2009)
ネプ制電
エネプ1ンジ
エネ燃焼部
ネ建工計
エネ調達
エネ品管

相生調ロジ
相工務
相生技設
Jun.10 Issued for con$truction,
相品管 C
2014 H,N H) ^

相工技

Dec.27 確定図として出図する(変更はなし)
B M.T M丁永御 H.N如面 H.S価皿記痴
2014

May.30 Revi$ed.
A M.T M1心御 HNa血M H.SM皿山
2013

NOV.13 Fir5t issued.

0 M.T M1心暗i H.N脚i虹 S.saitoh
2012

N DAT RIPTI N RAWN E I NED 椛K APPR VE

SCALE
COCHRANE THERMORELECTRICPOVVER PLANT PROJECT
IPC ボ建 N/A 266MVV X I + 1 0PTIONALPULVERIZED COAL FIRED BOILER

現地
IST ANGLE
PROJECTION CCRO
控 3RD ANG Explanation of Boiler stren宮'ヒh calculauon
10N
合計
」OB NO. C0旺 NO REV.
Boiler Gr.
5411,C46 K092,174 C
Boiler Engi舵erin8 Dept.
肌AWING NO,
Energy ODerations
23

A4表紙A_0
 ( 3 /

0ONTENTS

Page

1. SCOPE .盾...冨盾.
4

4
2. CODE, STANDARD AND MATERIAL 写.......

5
3. PROCEDURE TO ROUND THE FIGURES .....圏,.

6
4. CALCULATION OFAVERAGED DIAMETER OF ........

TUBE HOLES

7
5. CALCULATION OF EFFICIENCY ..=.....

9
6. DESIGN STRENGTH AT DESIGN TEMPERATURE ........

。
フ. MIMMUM REQUIREDTHICKNESS OF SEPARATOR, ..圏宅.帥.冨

HEADERS,1NTEGRAL PIPES AND TUBES

8. MIMMUM REQUIRED THICKNESS OF ....,...

15
END PLATES (UNPIERCED)

1 2
9 4
9. R日NFORCEMENT OF OPENINGS .....言..

10. ORITERIA OF TOLERANCE ........

 ( 4/

SCOPE

This shovvs the design oriteria for pressure part$ of B0Ⅱer proper,

2. CODE , STANDARD AND MATERIAL

2,1 Code and standard

Aooording to RG. PG-583.1 0f

Section l (Rules for construction of power 日oiler$) 0十 the Boiler and
Pressure vessel code 0十 the American society
Of Mechanical EngineerS 2010 Edition up to and includi"g 日ddend白 2011,
(A什er this,it is oa11ed ASME sec. 1 in sh0此),
FORCED-FLOVV STEAM GENERA丁ORs sha11include as f0110WS
'日oi1巳r proper

Boiler proP引 includes DRUM, HEADERS,1NTEGRAL PIPES, TUBEs and NOZZLEs etc.

Streng'ヒh caloulations 0十 Boiler proper conforms in a11respeot to ASME sec. 1

2.2 Material

Material for Boiler proper subiect to stress due to pressure

Con十orms to one of the speoifiC白tion
giverlin ASME seotion Ⅱ and are limited to those that are listed
in the Tables of section Ⅱ, part D 2010 Edition up t0 ヨnd including addenda 2011.
(A什er this,it is ca11ed ASME sec.矼 Pヨrt D in sh0此)
Material of c.C2328 0onforms to ASME Boiler and pressure vessel code 2328-2

2.3 Unit

The sl units is used for thi$ calculations,

2.4 Notes

In this explanati0Π, pressure in formula $how$ maximum a110vvable vvorkin宮

Pressure (MAVVP), But in actual calculation, formula applies design
Pressure which shovvS ⅧMAVVP + static he日d 井 to oalcU1白tion of
minimum required thiokness.
 (S/

3. PROCEDURE TO ROUND THE FIGURES

3.1Boiler strength 0ヨ1Culations are ヨPplied t0 千0110wing rounded the "宮Ures.

32Prooedure to round the "宮Ure$.

血
DeS1Ξn pr8Ssure IndiC日ted to one P1ヨCe of declm且l by MPヨ(b且r).

D邑SiΞn ter"perature Indi0日ted the lnte言er by de宮ree celslus (゜C).

Nominal dimension$ In principle, indiCヨted toone P1ヨC邑 of decimals
by mⅢlmet引(mm).

Maximum a110wable $tress Vヨ1Ue Indicated 士o two P1ヨCes of deoimals by Mpa.

at deS1Ξn temper日ture

Minlmum required thickness Indi0ヨted to twoP1ヨ0邑S 0十 deoir口als by mi11imeter (nlm).

(Rounded ヨt three P1ヨCe$ 0十 decimals,)

Aotual thiokness IndiCヨted to twoplaces 0十 deolmals by m111imeter (mm).

(Rounded ヨt thr巳8 P1ヨCes of decimal$.)

T01巳ranoe of thickness Indicated to twoP1ヨ0e$ of deoir"al$ by mi11imeter (mm).

(Rounded up t0 土WO P1ヨCe$ 0十 deolmals,)

L1宮ameht e仟icienoy Indicated to three plaoe 0チ deolmals(dirnensionless)

(To round ヨ土 four plaoes of deoimals.)

Maximum d1ヨmeter 0千 Indicated 士o two P1ヨCes of deoimals by mi111meter (mm),

Unrelnforced openin宮 (To round ヨt three P1且C8S 0十 decimals.)

Requlred area of compen5日tion Indi0ヨted to tvvo P1ヨCes 0十 decim日Is by mi11ir罰eter (岬lm).

十or openin宮 (To round up a士 three P1ヨ0邑S 0十 decimヨ1S.)

Ava11able area of oompenS日tion 1"diC日ted to two P1ヨCes 0十 decimヨ1S by mi11imeter (mm).

(To round down at 土hree P1ヨCes of declmals.)

Others To round as occasion demands.

 6 /

4. CALCULATION OF AVERAGED DIAMETER OF TUBE HOLES

For boiler proper, in weldin宮 tubes or nozZ1巳S 白nd other connections to headers,
aver日ged diameter is used in the calculation of li宮ament e怖Cienoy.

dxtl+d2Xt2
dα
r

4.1 Averヨ宮ed diarneter applies to the oonnection defined in

Pa此ial penetration type (FU1卜Strength type) stub$ a$ ASME seo. 1 FIG. PW-16.1 (y) and (Z).

d2
N一

卜・

4.2 Averaged di臼meter ヨPplie$ to the connection defined in

FU11-penetrauon type stubs aS ASME sec.1 FIG. PW-16.1(ヨ)
d

仁一、「
t

( in this oase, tl=0 )

g

d2 卜一

Vvhere
da averaged diヨmeter of hole (mm)
Out$ide diameter of tube (mm)
nominal thiokness of she11 (mm)
depth from $he11 SUげ日Cethat tube is burled (mm)
t2 thickness of dri11ed hole in she11 (mm)
t nominal thickrless of tube (mm)
d2 dri11ed hole diameter in she11 (mm)
 「 (フ/)

5. OALOULATION OF EFHCIENCY

Forboi1巳rproper, e仟iclenoy sh且11 be caloulated ln acoordanoe with ASME sec.1 PG-52

5.1 Lon宮itud1Π日1 1igament effioiency(equa11yspaoed)

E怖Cienoy sha11 be oalcU1ヨted in ヨCcordanoe wlth ASMEseo.1 PG-522.1

(dl + d2)
dη1
2

ル (P d挽)
E1
P
Where
dl, d2 ; averaged diameter of openings fortube, mm
P
dm : mean di白meter of openin底S, mm
P 10n倉itudinal pitch, mm
EI ; 10ngitudina11滄ament e仟icienoy
(dimenslonless)

5.2 Ciroumferentia11igament e仟icienoy

E作oienoy sha11 be oalcU1ヨted in 日Ccordance wlth ASMEsec.1 PG-52.3

The required streng'ヒh of circumferentiaU喰aments is twice

the required strengヒh of lon宮itudinanig日ments.
dl+ d2
d1π
2
D↑π D -T
T
π. D11ι.θ
勺 PC
360
d
d
2(PC - d挽)
ΞC
PC
合
Vvhere
dl, d2 :ヨVer8Ξ巳d diameter of openingS 十ortube, mm
dm : mean diヨmeter of openings, mm
D ; outside diameter of shen, mM
T : nominヨ1 thickness of she11, mm
DmPp。θ

: mean diameter of she11, mm

: circumferentiヨ1 Pitch, mm
Clrcumferential angle (de宮ree)
EC : oircumferenti丑11iΞ且ment e缶Ciency
(dimensionless)
 (曾/

5. OALCULATION OF EFHOIENCY

Forboilerproper, e仟iciency sha11 be caloulated in aocordance with ASME sec. 1 PG-52

53 Dia宮ona11喰ament e州oienoy

Effioiency sha11 be calculated in aocordance with ASMEsec,1 PG-533

dl+ d2
d↑π P' ^

(
)
2

Aθ
T
C

1
t
α
Longitudinal D1π D -T θ2
d

d axls
π・ D1π・θ1

=
PC
360
P
9、
SeC2θ2 + 1
(π一)循〒系抗 /10{
=
Ed
0.015 + 0.005SeC2θ2

Where
dl, d2 : aV8raΞed diameter of openings for tube, mm θ1 Ciroumferential angle (de宮ree)
dm ; mean d治meter of openin宮S, mm P' d1且Ξonal pitch, mm
D : outside diarneter of she", mm θ2 diagonal angle (de宮ree)
T : nomlnalthickness of she11, rnm Ed dia客ona11喰ament e仟icienoy
Dm : mean di日meter of she11, mm (dimensionless)
P :10ngitudln日Ipitoh, mm
PC : circumferentialpitoh, rnm
 ( 9 /

6 ALLOWABLE STRESS VALUE AT DESIGN TEMPERATURE

6.1 For Boiler proper, a110W白ble $tre$$ value at desiΞn temperature for ASME materials sh白11 be
in ヨ0cordance with ASME sec.Ⅱ Parヒ D (SI UNITS)

6.2 A110wable stress value at desi宮n temperature of ヨbove code$ are indicated
by Ne側:on per square miⅡimeter ( Mpa),
and it is used for rninimum thickness oalculation.

63 An eXヨrnple of conversi0Π(ASME sec.Ⅱ Parヒ D)

Material SA210MC
De$i宮n temperature : 364 (゜C)

Looking up the stre$$ value ( Mpa ) in the design temperature (゜C)

from Table lA in ASME section Ⅱ Parヒ D.
Stress value and design temperature ヨre in proportion to hi宮h and lowvalue
in Table

SA210MC (ASME sec.Ⅱ Pa此 D)

desi n tem erature(゜C) 350 375
Stre$$ value ( Mpa ) 135 123
((

)
1 3

1
3 7
5 5

2
3

=
Stress Vヨ1Ue (Mpa)= ( 123 + X ( 375 364 )) 12828
350 )
 ({0/

7. MIMMUM REQUIREDTHICKNESS OF DRUM, HEADERS, 1NTEGRAL PIPES, TUBEseto.

フ.1 Minimum requiredthiokness of Drum, Headers, 1nte宮ralpipes and Nozzles

Minimum requiredthickness sha11 be C白10U1且ted in aocordance with ASMEseo.1 PG-2722

フ.1.1 The mi"imum required thiokness 0日10ulation exoept

thickness caloulation oome under the condition indicated in clause 7.12
(1n aocordance with ASME sec.1 PG-27.22 )

Calculated minimum required thickness are as f0110WS.

フ.1.1.1 Based on outside diameter of cylinder.

( He日ders, 1ntegralpipe$ and Nozzles )
PD
t 十C
2SΞ十 2yp
フ.1.12 Based on inside r日dius of cylinder.
( Drum )

PR
t 十C
SΞ a -y)P
Where
t

minimum required thickness, mm

p

de$ign pressure, Mpa

D

Outside diameter of cylinder, mm

R

jnside radius 0十 Cylind引, mm

E

e仟iciency ( dimensionless, see ASME seo. 1 PG-27.4.1)

S

maximum a110wable stress value 白t the de$ign temperature

Of the metal, Mpa
($ee Table lA of ASME seo.Ⅱ Part D, ASME seo. 1 PG-23 and pG-27.42)
C (=0) minimum a110wance for threading 白nd $tructural stabⅡity
( see ASME sec.1 PG-27.4.3)
y temperature coefncient ( dimensionless, see ASME sec. 1 PG-27.4.6)
 (、、/

An example of caloulation;
/'ー'一>＼△
P
D
E
29.9 ( Mpa )(= 299bar))
609.6 (rnm )＼ーー'ー・^'
1.000
y

0.400
c

0.00 ( mm )
M日terial SA335MP12
DesiΞn temperature 444(゜C)

SA335MP12 (ASME seo.Ⅱ Paん D)

desi n tem erヨture(゜C) 425 450
Stre$$ Value ( Mpa ) 106 103

((

))
3 5
1 4
0 5
6 0

1 4
0 2

=
Stre$$ value (Mpa)= ( 103 + X ( 450 - 444 )) 10372

( 29.9 × 609.6 )

=
+0 =78.78 (mm)
( 2 × 103.72 × 1.000 + 2 × 0.400 × 29.9 )

(1ndicated to two plaoes of deoimal,

rounded at three place$ of decimal.)

J01Πt P且rt GENERALPART

」0INTPART
ifpipe thichless
is sm且11er

(Eく 1) (E く D
J0ⅨTPART
(E =1)

(E=1)
End plate

P叩e CylinddC丑Isheelor header

 ハ2/

フ.1 2 The rninimum required thickness caloulati0η in the ca$e of satisfied aS 十0110WS;
'the resulting thiokness exceed$ one-half the inside radius
.design t白mperature is up t0 374.1゜C
an aocordanoe with ASME seo.1 PG-272.3 and APPENDIX A-125 )

フ,12.1 Based on outside diameter of oylinder.

←(ξ券一
フ.12,2 Ba$ed on inside diameter of cylinder.
(
伍
t

Vvhere
tP

minimum thickne$$ of she11 Plates in weakest oourse, rnm

maximum a110wable working pressure, MPヨ
R inside radius of the ゛1eヨkest cour$e 0十 the she11, mm
R0 Outside radiu$ ofthe weakest course ofthe she11, mm
ES

ef斤Ciency ( dimensionless, see ASME seo. 1 PG-27.4.1)

maximum a110wable working unit $tress, Mpa
( see Tヨble lA of ASME sec.Ⅱ Part D, ASME seo. 1 PG-23 and pG-27.42)
SE十P
Z1 ZI =

a tication of formula
deS喰n temp.(゜C )
formula a Iied in wa11 thickness <=374.1 374.1<
not exoeed one-half Clause
nominal wa11 the inside radius フ.1.1
thiokness rηm exceed one-haげthe Clau$e
inside rヨdiu$ フ.12

An eX日mple of caloulation;
〆一>一 、△
P

謁1隔命ミ兜ご)
R
E

1.000
M日teriヨ1 SAI05M
Design temperature 354(゜C)

SAI05M (ASME sec.Ⅱ Pa此 D)

desi n tem erature(゜C) 350 375
Stress value ( Mpa ) 122 117

(122- 117)
)
(

0
3
7
5

3
5

Stress value (Mpa)= (117+ X ( 375 354 )) 12120

( 12120 × 1.000 + 327 )

=

Z 1.739
( 12120 × 1.000 32.フ)
=

i ( fl.739 - 1 )" 35 11.15 ( mm )

 (、3 /

72 Minimum required thickness 0十 tubing

( up t0 白nd includiΠ宮 125 mm outside dlameter)

Minimum requlred thickne$$$ha11 be calculated in aocordanoe with ASMEseo.1 PG-272.1

PD
t 十 0.005D 十 e
2SW+P

Where
t : minimum required thickη巳SS, mm
P : desi宮npressure,Mpa
D : outside diameter 0十 Cylinder,mm
S : rnaximum a110vvable stress value at the design temperature at the desi倉n temperature
Of the metal, Mpa
( see Tヨble lA of ASME sec.Ⅱ Part D, ASME sec.1 PG-23 and pG-27.42)
e :(=0 ) thiokness faotor for exP白nded tube ends, mm
( see ASME sec. 1 PG-27.4)
W :(=1) weldjoint strenΞ'ヒh reduotion factor per pG-26

An example of oaloulation;
PD

((

/}一ー ー＼△
M
P
白

)(=327bar))
CJ.L)
)

mm
Materi白1: SA210MC
DesiΞn temperature 358(゜C)

SA210MO (ASME sec.Ⅱ Pa此 D)

de$i n tem erature(゜C) 350 375
Stress value ( Mpa ) 135 123
((

))
1 3
3 7
5 5

1 3
2 5
3 0
=

$tress value ( Mpa ) ( 123 + X ( 375 358 )) 131.16

ー(ー・・00-
32.フ
=

508 ×( + 0.005 ) 十0
2 × 131.16 × 1 + 327
=

588( mm
 (11/

フ.3 Minimum requiredthiokness 0十打せin宮 etc

Minimum requiredthickness sh日11 be oalculated in accordance

With ASME B31.1, 104.1.2.(A) formula (3) or (3A)

フ.3.1 Based on outside diameter 0十 Cy11nder.

PD。
t挽 十A
2(SΞ十Py)
フ.3.2 Based On inside diameter of cylinder

Pd +2SEA + 2ypA
t机 十A
2(S五十Py-P)
Where
tm : minimum required wa11thickness, mm
internal design pressure, Mpa
D0 Outside diameter of cylinder, mm
E (=1)e怖oiency ( dimensionless, see ASME B31.1 TABLE I02.43 )
maximum a110wable stress value at the desi宮n temperature
Of the metal, Mpa
($ee APPENDⅨ A ofASME B31.1)
A :(=の additionalthickness, mm (corrosion aⅡOvvance)
y : temper丑ture coefncient ( dimensionless, ASME B31.1 TABLE I04,1.2(A))
d : in$ide diameterofcylinder, mm

An example o+ oalculation (based on outside diameter of oylind6r);

P
/フー ー＼ム
32.フ( Mpa )(=327bar ))
D0 609.6 ( mm )＼ーーーーーノ
E 1.000
0.400
A 0 ( mm )
Ma加rial SAI06MC
Design temperature 350(゜C)

SAI06MC (ASME B31.1)

desi n tem erature(゜C) 325 350
Stress Value ( Mpa ) 138 135
))
((

1 3
3 5
8 0
1 3

3 2
5 5
=

Stress value (Mpa) ( 135 十 X ( 350 - 350 )) 135.00

( 327 × 609.6 )
=

i1π +0 =6731(mm)
( 2 × 135.00 × 1.000 + 2 × 32.フ× 0.400 )
 (15ン

8.脚MMUM REQUIRED THICKNESS OF END PLATES (UNP正ROED)

8.1 Minimum required thickness o「 blank unstayed 員」Ⅱ一hemispheriC日l heads.

For boi18r proper, the minlmurn requlred thickness sha11 be calculated

in aocordヨnce with ASME seo. 1 PG-29.11

8.1.1 The minlrnum requlred thickness calculation in the oase 0十兪」1打Ⅱin宮 f0110win留 Conditions.
'heヨds are inte倉ra11y 十ormed on seamless seP且rヨtors or are a廿ached by 丑」sion welding,
and do not require st白yin宮
'the requlred thlckness of head 宮Iven by this formU1ヨS does not exceed
35.6% of the inside r日dius
(1n this oase,in ヨ0cord白nce with 8.12)

Pι
t
2SW 0.2P

Where
t : minimum required thlckness ofhead, mm
P : deslgnpressure, MPヨ
S : m日Ximunl a110wable stress value at the desi宮n temperature
Of the metal, Mpa
( see Table lA ofASME sec.Ⅱ Parヒ D, ASME seo. 1 PG-23)
L : calculatlon radius to whioh the head was formed. measured on concave
Side ofthe head, mm
(=1 ) weldjolnt strenΞ'ヒh reduction fヨCtor per pG-26

An example of calculation;

29,4 ( Mpa
L 225.5 ( mm )ξミ!^
Material: SA182MF22CL.1
Design temperature 544(゜C)

SA182MF22CL.1(ASME seo.Ⅱ Pa此 D)

desi n tem er日ture(゜C) 525 550
Stress Value ( Mpa ) 64.0 47.フ

( 64.0 - 47.フ)
=

Stress value (Mpa) ( 47.フ+ X ( 550 斜4 )) 51.61

( 550 525 )

( 29.4 × 225.5 )
=

=68.11 ( mm )
( 2 × 51.61 0.2 × 29.4 )
 (16/

8.1.2 The minimum requlred thlckness calculation in the oase o「"」1打ⅢnΞ f0110wing conditlons.
'headS 白re integra11y 千ormed on seamless separator or are att白Ched by fuslon weldin宮,
且nd do not require stayinΞ
'the requlred thickness of head glven by this formulas exceeds
356% 0十 the 1ηSlde radius
(1n accordance with ASME seo. 1 PG-29.11 )

・・ー・→
Where
Tr : mlnimum required thlckness of head(mm)
PS

design pressure, MP日

maximum ヨ110Wヨble stress value at the desiΞn temperature
Of the metal, Mpa
( see Table lA ofASME sec.Ⅱ Parヒ D, ASME sec, 1 PG-23)
L desi名n r白diU5 to Yvhioh the head vvas formed, measured on the
OonC且Ve side of the head (mm)

Y γ一
2(SW-P)
2SW-P

YV ;(=1) Yveldjoint strengヒh reduotion f白otor per pG-26

An eX白mple o+ oalcU1日tion;
とb
PL

20.37 ( Mpa )(
42.5 ( mm )
203.7 b日r ))
M白teri日1 SAI05M
Temperature 365 (゜ C)
S 119.49 ( MP且 X refer to page 12 )

2 ×( 119.49 + 2037 ) 279.72

=

=
=

Y 1.280
2 × 119.49 - 2037 218.61

(1ndicated to three places of decimal, rounded down at

four places of decimal.)
=

rr 42.5 ×( 12801/3 - 1 )= 3.65

(1ndiC日ted to two places of deoimal, rounded down 白t

three places of decimal.)
 (、フ/

82 Minimurn required thlckness of semieⅡipsoidal heads.

For boi1巳r proper, the minimum requlred thickness sha11 be calculated

in 日Ocordヨnce wlth ASME sec. 1 PG-29.フ
'heads are inte倉ra11y formed on seamless separator or are atヒached by "Jsion welding,
and do not require stayin冨
'the required thickness of head Ξiven by this formulas.
The minimum required thlckneS5 0alculation in the case of兪』1打Ⅱin宮 f0110wing conditions.

82.1 Based on outside dlameter of oylinder.

PD
+C
2S五+ 2yp

8.2.1 Based 0n iηSide diameter of oylinder.

PR
十C
SΞ一(1-"P
Where
t : minimum re口Uired thlckness ofh巳且d, mm
P : designpressure, Mpa
S : mヨXimum a110wable stress value at the desi即 temperature
Of th8 metal. Mpa
( see Table lA ofASME sec.Ⅱ Parヒ D, ASME sec. 1 PG-23)
R : inside radius ofcylinder, mm
E : effioiency ( dlmensionless, see ASME sec. 1 PG-27.4.1)
y : temperature coefncient ( dimensionless, see ASME seo.1 PG-27.4.6)
C :(=0) mlnimum a110wance forthreading and struoturヨ1 St日bility
( see ASME sec. 1 PG-27.43)

An example of C且Iculation (based on inside daiameter 0十 Cylinder);

P:/1一)一ー＼血
32.フ(MPO)(=327bar)ι分
L: 220.5(mm)
E 1.000 ( dirnension1巳SS )
y 0.400 ( dimensionless )
M日teriヨ1: SAI05M
Design temperature 354(゜C)

SAI05M (ASME sec.Ⅱ Pa此 D)

desi n tem erature(゜C) 350 375
Stress Vヨ1Ue ( Mpa ) 122 117

(122-117)
)
3
5
0
=

Stress value (Mpa) (117十 X ( 375 354 )) 121.20

( 375

( 32.フ× 220,5 )
=

t +0 70.98 ( mm )
( 121.20 × 1.000 -(1-0.4)× 32.フ)
 (19/

8.3 Minimum re口Uired thlckness of unstayed flatheads (unpierced).

For b0Ⅱer proper, the minimum required thickness sha11 be calcU1ヨted

in aooordance with ASME sec, 1 PG-31.3.2

CP
t

Where,
=====
t

minimum required thickness of head, mm

d

diameter, measured as indi0日ted in F喰. PG-31, mm

p

desi即 Pressure,Mpa
s

maximum a110Wヨb1巳 Stress value, Mpa

c

a f且Ctor dependin宮 on the method of 白tヒachment of head

( see F喰Ure pG-31 0fASME sec, 1)

An example of oaloulatlon.; /ー ー ー^ と△
P

19.6 ( Mpa ) (=196bar ))

d

85.0 ( mm ) 、ーー、ーーヘ^
c

0.10 ( dimensionless )
Material SAI05M
Design temper且ture 362(゜C)

SAI05M (ASME seo.Ⅱ Pa此 D)

desi n tem erature(゜C) 350 375
Stress value Mpa) 122 117

(122-117)
)
3
5
0

Stress value (Mpa)= (117+ X ( 375 362 )) 11 9.60

( 375

0.10 × 19.6
=

85.O X 10,88 ( mm )
11 9.60
 (、9/

9. R日NFORCEMENT OF OPENINGS

9.1 UrlcornpenS日ted opening$

Foy boiler proper, the r"axirnum di白meter 0十 any uncompensated openin宮(=Dm白X)

$ha11 be determined from ASME sec. 1 FIG. PG-32.1.2 (sl units), PG-32.1.4 and pG-32.1.5

D,*8.08{D.'(1一κ"山
K is the 十actor 宮iven by b巳10W十ormula.
(see ASME S8C. 1 PG-32.1.1)

PD
κ (where K sh白11 not exoeed o.990 ; K S O,99の
1.82S t

D2 : the smヨ11er o+ orle-+ourth the inside di且meter 0十 the she11 0r heヨder or 60mm
Where

Dmax : the rnaximurn permissible finished opening diameter for an uncompen$ated openi町g, mm
the Vヨ1Ue 0十 Drnax is the 宮re白ter Dl or D2
D : the outside diヨmeter of the $h巳11, header, or dished head containing the openin宮, mm
t : the nominal thiokness of the she11, heヨder, or dished head, mm
P : design pre$sure, Mpa
S: m日Ximum a110W且ble stre$$ value at 士he d巳5i宮n temper日ture
0十 the metヨ1, MP白
( see Table lA of ASME seo.Ⅱ Parヒ D, ASME sec. 1 PG-23)

9,2 Limits 0十 met白1 日V日i1日ble 十or oornpenSヨtion.

For boiler proper, compen$ation areas and Iimit$ 0十 OpenlnΞS sha11 be determined from
ASME sec. 1 PG-36 and ASME sec. 1 FIG. PG-33.1
 (20/

9.3 Area required

ForboilerproP引, the total cross-section日l area 0十 Compensatlon sha11 be C白Icula士ed in

ヨ0cordance with ASME sec, 1 PG-33.2 and ASME sec. 1 FIG. PG-33.1

'=dxtrxF

In this CヨSe, a correotion 十actorⅧF" 5ha11 be taken 日S I.oo because

ASME seo.1 PG-33.3 Provide$ as a value of l.oo sha11 be used 〒or ヨ11Configuratlons.
Vvhere
d : the diameter in 宮iven P1白ne 0千 the 打nished ope"1ng, r"m
tr : the minimum required thlckness 0十 theshe11 0rthe heヨd computed
by the r口1巳S 0十 the oodefor the designated preS5Ure, mm
F :(= 1) factorfronlASME seo. 1 PG-33 ヨnd nG. PG33-3

The ヨbove 十ormU1ヨ is tr日rlsformed a$ f0110ws in this Cヨ10ulation.

且=d、ぜrxF

Where
d': d/COSθ (θ: a"gle between the $he11 0r the head arld t卜te nozzle, r日d)
 (2し

9.4 Rein千orolnΞ metal

For boiler proper, rei"foroin宮 are白S Sh日11 be determined from Equations

in ASME sec. 1 PG-36.4 and ASME Seo. 1 FIG. PG-33.1.

In this oase, a oorrection factor 井F" Shヨ11 be taken as l,oo in

accordヨnce with ASME seo.1 PG-333

Where lower stren宮ヒh materi日lis used for the branch or ヨS 白dded

reinforce『"en土, the area 0十 reinforcement sha11 be increased in inverse
Proportlon to the ratlo 0十 the deS喰n strengヒh 0千士Wo materiヨ1S
to oompenSヨte 千or th巳 10wer design strengヒh of the rein十oroemen土.

The ヨreヨ 0十 Ve$$el wa11 available as conlpenS日tlon is the 1ヨrΞer 0十

A1 宮Iven by the 十ormU1ヨS in ASME sec. 1 PG-36.4.1:

a.=d('-F',)
0r

』,* 2('H,X'一凡)
The above formU1ヨ is tran$formed aS 十0110ws in thi$ calculation.

",・("。ー',×2χ一 d')
X = the greater 0十 d' Ord/,""'+ i + t "0

but in no CヨSe 宮reat8r than the half of pitch between openings

Where
thickness of the vessel wa11, mm
tr : the mi"imurn requlred thickness 0十 the she11 0rthe heヨd computed
by the rule5 0千 the codefor 土he d8Sign日ted preS5Ure, mm
tn : nomina1 土hiokness 0十 nozzle wa11, mm
tsa : aot口al thickrless 0十the she11 0r the heヨd, r"m
tna : aotU白l thickne$S 0千 the nozzle wan, mm
d/COSθ(θ: an宮le between the she11 0r the he且d ヨnd 土he nozzle, rad)
d : the diヨmeter i訂倉iven plane of the 十inished opening, mm
(= 1)〒白Ctorfrom ASME sec. 1 PG-33 a"d HG. PG33-3
 R之/

For boiler proper,the rη丑Xlmum area ln the nozzle wa11 aV日ilable ヨS Compen$ation
i$ the sma11er of the Value A2 given by the formulas in ASME seo. I PG-36.4.2:

0r
'.= 2(t,-t,,f2-・t・つ1)
4・X',・',{2・',・り・血
The ヨbove 十ormula is transforrned a$ f0110ws in this Cヨ1Culation.

'.・2(',ー',)・託0θ・γ・血 (where sn/ss sha11 not exceed l.000 ; sn/SS S I.00の

Y =土he sma11er of 2.5ts or 25tn

Vvhere
tn : nominal thickness 0十 the nozzle wa11, rnm
trn : re口Uired thickne$$ ofthe seamless nozzle wa11, mm
thickness 0十 the vessel W白11, rnm
te : (= 0)士hiokness of ヨ杜ached reinforcin宮 P白d or height 0十 the largest 60 deg
ri8ht tr1ヨn宮le supported by the vessel and nozzle outside d恰meter
Projected surFaces and lying comP1巳tely within the area of
integralrein十orcement (S8e ASME sec. 1 FIG. PG-332)
Sれ mヨXimum a110VYab1巳 Stress Vヨ1Ue of 土he nozZ1巳 at the design temperature
Of the metal, Mpa ( 5ee Table lA 0〒 ASME sec.Ⅱ Parヒ D, ASME seo. 1 PG-23 )
SV : maxlmum a110Wヨble stress value 0十 the she11 0rthe heヨder 丑t the design ternperature
Of the metal, Mpa ( see Tヨble lA of ASME seo.Ⅱ Pヨrt D, ASME seo. 1 PG-23 )
frl $tre"宮ht reduction fヨCtor, sn/SV .(sn/SV S I.000)
tna : aotual thickness 0十 nozzle, r"m
ts : minirnum required thlckness of the she110rthe heヨd, rnm
 (ユ3/

9.5 ゛udgment of rein十orcing S白tiS十actory

For boiler proper, if rei"forcing area (AI +A2) C白10U1日ted ln chapter 9.4 is lar筈er than
area required (A) calculated ln chapter 9.3, it ls sati5+ied with
requirement of ASME seo. 1 PG-33.1.

'二喜"+且

9.6 Lar宮er opening

For boilerproper, i十 Openi"g iS 1白r宮er than provided dimenslon i罰 ASME sec. 1PG-32.2.2,
tw0→hird5 0千 required compensatlon shヨ11 be provided withi" a di$tance
Of one-ourth 0十 the nozzle diヨmeter on eaoh side 0十 the finished
Openin宮 in accordanoe with ASME seo. 1PG-32.3.3.

9.7 Stren宮ヒh 0十 Compensa士ion

For boiler proper, i十 the strength o+ 10ad A & B calcU1ヨted f0110wlng is

Iar8er th白rl required l0日d vv, it i$ satlsfied with requirement of ASME sec.1PG-37.

. Load to be Cヨrried by the weld

W =( A - AI)SV

. stress V白IueS 千or weld metヨ1

Groove vveld $hear = 60% (see ASME sec. 1 PW-15,2)

' strength of load - carrying path

⑳⑥

)
0
6

1
d

t
十
r

n
X
n

X
X

2X π Xfr
巳
W
e

" s ear = ( d + tn ) x tn x ( 0.6 X SV ) X ν2 X π X frl + 1/2 X π X Don x L X O.6 X SV X斤.1

000
m
The sm011ef of
ι h'irnj
irn
2.5t$ or 2.5tn
?÷巴

A2
4 θ
A

>号
B
﹂

の上

A1 A' 1 A
の00

m区

d' 4 d'
X

丁he 9reoter of
d or d/2 +tS十tn
Where
the diameter jn given plane 0十 the fin15hed opening, mm
tn : n0げ11"al thickness 0十 the nozzle wa11, mm
Don : Outside diar"eter 0十 the nozzle, mm
L Ieg length of weldln且, rnm
SV : m日Xlmum 且110Wヨble stress value 0十 the she11 0r什
Of the metal, Mpa ( see Table lA 0〒 ASME seo.Ⅱ Parヒ D. ASME seo. 1 PG-23 )
十rl Strenght reduction factor, sn/'SV .(sn/SV S I.000)
 (殴'/E )

10. ORITERIA OF TOLERANCE

We expect and use tolerance f0110WS.

10.1 Vva11 thickness to!erance

The tolerance of wa11 thlckness ls d邑Cided by rnanU十aoture of parts.

丁olerヨnoe of
WaⅡ thickness Exam le 0十 mat引ials Reason
Forged SAI05M
-0% SA182MF12 CI.2 adiuS土ed by m日ohining
(no mlnus SA182MF22 CI.1
tolerance) SA182MF91
Welding pipe SA299MB
V日rlous decided by dravvinΞ

S巳ヨmless Plpe SAI06MC

-12.5% of wa11
SA335MP12 defined by ASME SA530M
thickness (*1)
SA335MP22
-1.6mm SA335MP91 decidedb drヨWin
Tube SA210MO
-0% SA209MTla defined by ASME SA450M
(no r罰inus SA213MT12
tolerヨnce) SA213MT22
SA213MT91
C02328-2
SA192M

*1:丁he toleranoe 0十 Secondヨry superheater A壮emper日tor and Final superheヨt8rlnlet

H巳日der is -1.6r"m.

10.2 Actual thickness

Tube or Pヨrts made 十rom 千or宮ed: t日= T

Seヨmless pipe: ta = T - Tolerance

土a :ヨCtUヨ1 thicknes$
T : nominalthioknes$

103 0utslde diヨmeter tolerance

The toler丑nce o+ outslde di日meter is deoided by manU十ヨCture of Pヨrts.

0.D,: outslde Diameter

Tolerヨnoe 0〒
Out$ide diameter EX日m le 0十 materiヨ1S Reason
For目8d SAI05M
-0% SA182MF12 01.2 ヨdjusted by machinln宮
(no miηUS SA182MF22 CI.1
tolerヨnoe) SA182MF91

Weldin" pipe SA299MB

Varlous deoided by drawin宮

Se日mless pipe SAI06MC

SA335MP12 defined by ASME SA530M
-0.80r罰m
SA335MP22
SA335MP91
Tube SA210MO
di仟巳r 十rom o.D. SA209M丁la defined by ASME SA450M
SA213Mτ12
SA213MT22
SA213MT91

In princlple, nomin且1 0utside djameter is used ln C日10U1ヨtion.