DIESEL ENGINE:

The main parts of the diesel engine are:

1. Cylinder block
2. Cylinder head
3. Cylinder liner
4. Piston
5. Crank case
6. Connecting rod
7. Alternator
8. Exciter
9. Actuator
10. Motor
11. Pump
12. Turbo supercharger
13. Radiator
14. Compressor
15. Valve

Cylinder Block:

• Cylinder block is a group of cylinders which can be arranged in V-type , H-type etc.
• In railway locomotives diesel engines are of mainly V-type with 12 or 16 cylinders.

Cylinder liner:

• A cylinder liner is a cylindrical part fitted into an engine block to form a cylinder.
• It serves as inner wall of cylinder.
• The cylinder liner receives combustion heat through the piston and piston rings and
transmits the heat to the coolant.

Cylinder head:

Cylinder head is the one which sits above the cylinders on top of the cylinder block.

Piston:

Its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a
piston rod or connecting rod.

Crank case:

The crankcase is the housing for the crankshaft.

Connecting rod:

• The connecting rod or conrod connects the piston to the crank or crankshaft.
• With crank, it is simple mechanism that converts linear motion into rotating motion.

Alternator:

• An alternator is an electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to

electrical energy in the form of alternating current.
• Most alternators use a rotating magnetic field with a stationary armature but
occasionally, a rotating armature is used with a stationary magnetic field; or a linear
alternator is used.

Alternator use Rectifier:

• It is a device which is a combination of diode in forward and backward connection.

• Alternator will give AC output.
• In Railways full wave bridge rectifier is used.

Exciter:

• Gives Electric field to generate Power to Alternate.

• It is also used for Speed Control.

Auxiliary:

• Used for better feeding purpose.

• Auxiliary and Exciter both act as motor & operate Alternate motor and the power
form Alternate motor used to generate Engine which is used for the strokes.
• And from alternate motor again the power is sent back to exciter and auxiliary to
run.

Motor:

It is a device used to convert Electrical Energy into Mechanical Energy.

Traction Motor:

• In which Electric supply to both rotor and stator as the induced emf repel each other
the motor will rotates.
• Here Reverser is used to change the direction of supply voltage.

Pump: Used to suck from the tank the fuel.

Radiator: Used to cool the water and air by using atmosphere air through filters.
Turbo supercharger:

• Another way to make an engine more powerful is to add a turbocharger to the

engine.
• Very simply, a turbocharger has two wheels connected by a shaft.
• One of the wheels is a turbine, which is turned at a high speed by the heated exhaust
gases coming out of the engine.
• The turbine spins the second wheel, which is called a compressor.
• After turbocharger through volute casing (decreasing volume) air is send to After
Cooler where the air is cooled and sent to engine cylinder chamber and from there
to fuel injection system.

Compressor:

• The compressor pressurizes the fresh air that is going into the cylinders, squeezing
the air molecules together.
• The pressurized air has some physical properties like high temperature and more
density.
• We have vacuum and air compressors used express locomotives, and only air
compressors used in passenger locomotives.

Valves:

1. Relief Valve: To safe guard for pump.

2. Regulating Valve: To maintain the pressure.

There are many systems that comprise the entire locomotive.

The main systems are:

• Fuel injection system

• Lube oil system (lubrication)
• Cooling system
• Turbo charging
• Air expressor