Alternating Current

Chapter 7
Alternating Current
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions
1. Hot wire ammeters are used for measuring
(1) Both AC and DC. (2) Only AC (3) Only DC (4) Neither AC nor DC
Sol. Answer (1)
2. In alternating current circuits, the a.c. meters measure

(1) r.m.s. value (2) Peak value (3) Mean value (4) Mean square value
Sol. Answer (1)
3. The mean value of current for half cycle for a current variation shown by the graph is
i
i0
O t
T T 3T
2 2
i0 i0 i0
(1) (2) i0 (3) (4)
2 3 3
Sol. Answer (1)
T
2
∫ Idt
I mean  0
T
2
T i0 2i
.t  0 t
 
From 0 to graph is straight line so the function (I) will be =
2 T T
2
T T
2 2
2i 0 2 ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ t 2 ⎞ 2
So I mean  ∫ tdt  ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ i 0 ⎜ ⎟
T T T T ⎝ 2⎠0
0
4 ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ T 2 ⎞ i
 i ⎜ ⎟⎜ – 0⎟  0
T 2 0 ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ 2
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82 Alternating Current Solution of Assignment (Set-2)
4. A 110 V d.c. heater is used on an a.c. source, such that the heat produced is same as it produces when
connected to 110 V dc in same time-intervals. What would be the r.m.s. value of the alternating voltage?
(1) 110 V (2) 220 V (3) 330 V (4) 440 V
Sol. Answer (1)
Given that HAC = HDC
l 2 rmsRt  l 2Rt
V 2 rms V 2

R R
Vrms = V
so Vrms = 110 V
1
5. The peak value of an alternating e.m.f. E = E0 sin t is 10 volt and its frequency is 50 Hz. At a time t  ,
600 s
the instantaneous value of the e.m.f. is
(1) 1 volt (2) 5 3 volt (3) 5 volt (4) 10 volt

Sol. Answer (3)
E = E0 sint, E0 = 10 V
1
 = 50 Hz, t 
600
1
E  10sin  2  50 
600
 ⎛ 1⎞
 10 sin  10 ⎜ ⎟  5 volt
6 ⎝ 2⎠
6. The time required for a 50 Hz sinusoidal alternating current to change its value from zero to the r.m.s. value
(1) 1.5 × 10–2 s (2) 2.5 × 10–3 s (3) 10–1 s (4) 10–6 s
Sol. Answer (2)
I  I 0 sin t
I0
I rms 
2
I0
So  I 0 sin t
2

sin  sin  2   50 t
4

 2  50 t
4
1
t s
400
t  0.25  10 –2 ⇒ 2.5  10 –3 s
Solution of Assignment (Set-2) Alternating Current 83
7. There is no resistance in the inductive circuit. Kirchhoff 's voltage law for the circuit is
V = V0 sin  t
L
di di di
(1) V  L 0 (2) V L (3) V  L2 0 (4) None of these
dt dt dt
Sol. Answer (2)
+
+
V = V0sin t –
–
Using Kirchhoff's voltage law
–Ldi
V  0
dt
Ldi
⇒V 
dt
8. A sinusoidal supply of frequency 10 Hz and r.m.s. voltage 12 V is connected to a 2.1 F capacitor. What is
r.m.s. value of current?
(1) 5.5 mA (2) 20 mA (3) 26 mA (4) 1.6 mA
Sol. Answer (4)
f = 10 Hz, Vrms = 12 V, C = 2.1 F
V rm s 1
I rm s  XC 
XC , C
 = 2f
Putting all values
I rms  1.6 mA
9. An inductive circuit contains a resistance of 10 ohms and an inductance of 2 henry. If an alternating voltage of 120
V and frequency 60 Hz is applied to this circuit, the current in the circuit would be nearly
(1) 0.32 A (2) 0.80 A (3) 0.48 A (4) 0.16 A
Sol. Answer (4)
R = 10 , L = 10 H, Vrms = 120 V, f = 60 Hz
Vrms
I rms 
Z
Z  R 2   2L2  10  2   2  60  2 2
⇒ Z  753.6 
120
I rms   0.16 A
753.6
10. A coil and a bulb are connected in series with a 12 volt direct current source. A soft iron core is now inserted
in the coil. Then
(1) The intensity of the bulb remains the same (2) The intensity of the bulb decreases
(3) The intensity of the bulb increases (4) Nothing can be said
Sol. Answer (1)
Intensity of bulb remains the same because source is DC, so steady state current will be independent of the
inductance of the inductor for DC circuit,
E source
i steady 
R bulb
11. When 100 volt d.c. is applied across a solenoid, a current of 1.0 A flows in it. When 100 volt a.c. is applied
across the same coil, the current drops to 0.5 A. If the frequency of a.c. source is 50 Hz the impedance and
inductance of the solenoid is
(1) 200 ohm and 0.55 henry (2) 100 ohm and 0.86 henry
(3) 200 ohm and 1.0 henry (4) 100 ohm and 0.93 henry
Sol. Answer (1)
When there is direct current,  = 0
XL = 0, so only R is there
So, V = IR
100 = 1(R)  R = 100 
When, f  50 Hz, Z X L2  R 2
V  IZ X L2  100 2
200 
100   0.5 2 40000  X L2  10000
Impedance z  200  X L2  30,000
X L  100 3 
Also XL = L
100 3  2fL
100 3 1.73
L   0.55 H
2  3.14  50 3.14
12. In an LCR series circuit R = 10 , XL = 8  and XC = 6  The total impedance of the circuit is
(1) 10.2  (2) 17.2  (3) 10  (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)
R = 10 , XL = 8  and XC = 6 
Z  R 2   XL – XC 
2
 10  2  2 2
 104  10.2 
13. In a series RLC circuit, potential differences across R, L and C are 30 V, 60 V and 100 V respectively as shown in
figure. The e.m.f. of source (in volts) is
30 V 60 V 100 V
R L C
(1) 190 (2) 70 (3) 50 (4) 40

Sol. Answer (3)
emf  Vrms  VR2  VL – VC 

2
  30  2  100 – 60  2
  30  2   40  2  50 V
14. In a series RLC circuit, the r.m.s. voltage across the resistor and the inductor are respectively
400 V and 700 V. If the equation for the applied voltage is   500 2 sin t , then the peak voltage across
the capacitor is
R L C
 = 500 2sint
(1) 1200 V (2) 1200 2 V (3) 400 V (4) 400 2 V

Sol. Answer (4)
  500 2 sin t
VR = 400 V, VL = 700 V
0 500 2
 rms   = 500 V
2 2
 rms  VR2  VL – VC 

2
 500 2   400 2  VL – VC 

2
250000 – 160000  V L – VC 
2
90000  V L – VC 
2
VL – VC  300
VC  700  300
VC  400 V
V0  Vrms 2  400 2 V
15. In the following circuit the emf of source is E0 = 200 volt, R = 20 , L = 0.1 henry, C = 10.6 farad and
frequency is variable then the current at frequency f = 0 and f =  is
R L C
(1) Zero, 10 A (2) 10 A, zero (3) 10 A, 10 A (4) Zero, zero

Sol. Answer (4)
E0 = 200 volt, R = 20 , L = 0.1 henry,C = 10.6 F
When f = 0, XL = L = 2fL
XL = 0
When f =  XL = , XC = 0
In both case at least one component has value infinite. So in both cases current will be zero as they are
connected in series.
16. In series LCR circuit, the phase difference between voltage across L and voltage across C is

(1) Zero (2)  (3) (4) 2
2
Sol. Answer (2)
IN LCR circuit  angle between VL and VC = 180° (rad).
17. With increase in frequency of an a.c. supply, the impedance of an LCR series circuit
(1) Remains constant
(2) Decreases
(3) Increases
(4) Decreases at first, becomes minimum and then increases
Sol. Answer (4)
1
X L  2fL, XC 
2fC
When f is increased, XL will increase

, XC will decrease
So XL – XC will increase, hence z will increase
18. Mark the incorrect statement

(1) In any AC circuit, the applied instantaneous voltage equals to the algebraic sum of the instantaneous
voltages across the series elements of the circuit.
(2) For circuits used for transporting electric power, a low power factor implies large power loss in transmission
(3) Power factor can often be improved by the use of a capacitor of appropriate capacitance in the circuit
(4) The use of a capacitor is avoided in the circuit of an induction coil
Sol. Answer (4)
19. The reading of ammeter in the circuit is
A
XC = 2 
V 110 V
XL = 2  R = 55 
(1) 2 A (2) 3A (3) Zero (4) 1A

Sol. Answer (1)
A
XC = 2 
V 110 V
XL = 2  R = 55 
Z  R 2   XL – XC 
2
  55  2  55 
V=IZ
110
I ⇒I 2 A
55
20. In an LCR circuit, the resonating frequency is 500 kHz. If the value of L is doubled and value of C is decreased
1
to times of its initial values, then the new resonating frequency in kHz will be
8
(1) 250 (2) 500 (3) 1000 (4) 2000
Sol. Answer (3)
f1 = 500  103 Hz
1
L '  2L, C '  C
8
1 1
f  ⇒f 
2 LC CL
1
 2L  ⎛⎜ C ⎞⎟
f1 L2C 2 ⎝8 ⎠
 
f2 L1C1 LC
f1 1
 ⇒ f 2  1000 kHz
f2 2
21. In an LCR circuit L = 8.0 henry, C = 0.5 F and R = 100 ohm are in series. The resonance angular frequency
is
(1) 500 rad/s (2) 600 rad/s (3) 800 rad/s (4) 1000 rad/s
Sol. Answer (1)
L = 8.0 henry, C = 0.5 F and R = 100  in series
1 1
 
LC 8   0.5  10 –6
1 10 3
 
4  10 –6 2 = 500 rad/s
22. In series LCR circuit voltage leads the current when (Given that 0 = resonant angular frequency)
(1)  < 0 (2)  = 0 (3)  > 0 (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (3)
1
X L  L, XC 
C
If voltage leads  X L  X C , for this condition
 > 0
So it will be an inductive circuit with voltage leading current by 90°.
23. Power factor of an ideal choke coil (i.e., R = 0) is

(1) Near about zero (2) Zero (3) Near about one (4) One
Sol. Answer (2)
R
cos   0
Z
24. At resonance, the value of the power factor in an LCR series circuit is
1
(1) Zero (2) 1 (3) (4) Not defined
2
Sol. Answer (2)
At resonance, Z = R
R
cos    1 = Power factor.
Z
25. In an a.c. circuit, the instantaneous values of e.m.f. and current are E = 200 sin 314 t (volt) and
i = sin (314 t + /3) A. The average power consumed in watts is
(1) 100 (2) 200 (3) 50 (4) 25
Sol. Answer (3)
P  E rmsI rms cos 
E I ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛  ⎞
 ⎜ ⎟ ⎜⎝∵ cos   here⎟⎠
2 2 ⎝ 2⎠ 3
1 1
 200  1  
2 2
100
 W
2
= 50 W
26. An a.c. of frequency f is flowing in a circuit containing only an ideal choke coil of inductance L. If V0 and i0
represent peak values of the voltage and the current respectively, the average power given by the source to
the choke coil is equal to
1 1 2 1
(1) iV (2) i (2fL) (3) Zero (4) V (2fL)
2 0 0 2 0 2 0
Sol. Answer (3)

For an ideal choke coil cos = 0
so, P = ErmsIrmscos
P=0
27. When a voltage V = V0 cos t is applied across a resistor of resistance R, the average power dissipated per
cycle in the resistor is given by
V0 V0 V02 V02
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2R 2R 2R 2R
Sol. Answer (3)
P = ErmsIrmscos
R
cos =
Z
cos = 1 for resistor
V0
Vrms 
2
V0 V0 ⎛ V V ⎞
P , 1 ⎜∵ I rms  rms  0 ⎟
2 R 2 ⎝ R R 2⎠
V02
P
2R
28. In a series L-C circuit, if L = 10–3 H and C = 3×10–7 F is connected to a 100 V-50 Hz a.c. source, the
impedance of the circuit is
10 5 10 5 
(1)  10  (2) 0.1 – 3 × 10–5 (3)  (4) None of these
3 3 10
Sol. Answer (3)
L = 10–3 H and C = 3×10–7 F
f = 50 Hz, V = 100 V
Z  XL – XC 2
1
  X L – XC   L –
C
Putting , L & C
⎛ 10 5 ⎞
Z⎜ –
⎝ 3 10 ⎟⎠
29. Switch is in position A for long time. At time t = 0 it is shifted to position B. Find the maximum charge that
will accumulate on capacitor
E R
A
B
X
C Y
E E ⎛ L ⎞E ⎛ C ⎞E
(1) ( LC ) (2) (3) ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ (4) ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
R ( LC )R ⎝ C ⎠R ⎝ L ⎠R
Sol. Answer (1)

lmax = 0qmax

lmax =
R
1
0 
LC
E
R E
q max  ⇒ q max  ( LC )
1 R
LC
30. In Q.29, which of the following graphs best represents the current flowing from X to Y?
I I
(1) t (2) t
I I
(3) t (4) t
Sol. Answer (2)
At first, current will start charging the capacitor and then it will start oscillating between maximum and minimum
value.
or at t = 0, l = imax
so, l = l0cost
Hence graph will be as per cost with time t.
31. In oscillating LC circuit, the total stored energy is U and maximum charge upon capacitor is Q. When the
Q
charge upon the capacitor is , the energy stored in the inductor is
2
U U 4 3U
(1) (2) (3) U (4)
2 4 3 4
Sol. Answer (4)
Q2
Initial energy = total energy = U
2C
Q2 ⎛ Q⎞
U'  ⎜⎝ as Q'= ⎟⎠
4  2C  2
Q2

8C
Uinductor = Utotal – Ucapacitor
Q2 Q2
 –
2C 8C
3Q 2 3
  U
8C 4
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions
1. The virtual current of 4 A and 50 Hz flows in an AC circuit containing a coil. The power consumed in the coil is 240
W. If the virtual voltage across the coil is 100 V, then its resistance will be
1 1 1
(1)  (2)  (3) 15  (4) 
3 5 
Sol. Answer (3)
Vrms = IrmsZ
100 = 4 Z
Z = 25 
P = VIcos
240 = (100)(4)cos
3 R
cos   
5 Z
3 R

5 25
R = 15 
2. For an AC circuit the potential difference and current are given by V  10 2 sin t (in V) and I  2 2 cos t (in A)
respectively. The power dissipated in the instrument is
(1) 20 W (2) 40 W (3) 40 2 W (4) Zero

Sol. Answer (4)

Here phase difference  
2

So, P  VrmsI rms cos 0
2
1 1
3. If the power factor in an AC circuit changes from to then by what percent reactance will change (approximately),
3 9
if resistance remains constant?
(1) Increase by 200% (2) Decrease by 200% (3) Increase by 100% (4) Decrease by 100%
Sol. Answer (1)
R
Power factor cos  
Z
R 1
 ...(1)
R X
2 2 3
R 1
 ...(2)
R   X '
2 2 9
Using (1) and (2)
X R 8
X '  R 80
X'
 10
X
X '– X
  10 – 1
X
so percentage change   10 – 1  100
 200%
4. A step-up transformer operates on 220 V line and supplies 2.2 A. The ratio of primary and secondary winding is
11 : 50. The output voltage in the secondary is
(1) 220 V (2) 100 V (3) 1000 V (4) 0V
Sol. Answer (3)
N P VP

N S VS
N SVP
VS 
NP
50
  220  1000 V
11
5. An alternating power supply of 220 V is applied across a series circuit of resistance 10 3  , capacitive reactance
40  and inductive reactance 30 . The respective currents in the circuit for zero and infinite frequencies are
1
(1) 2 A, A (2) 0 A, 10 A (3) 10 A, 0 A (4) 0 A, 0 A
2
Sol. Answer (4)
For f = 0, XL = 0 and f  , XC = 0
6. In L-C oscillation, maximum charge on capacitor can be Q. If at any instant, electric energy and magnetic energy
associated with circuit is equal, then charge on capacitor at that instant is
Q Q Q 3Q
(1) (2) (3) 3 (4)
2 2 2 2
Sol. Answer (1)
Total energy
Magnetic energy =
2
Total energy
Electric energy =
2
1 ⎛ Q 2 ⎞ Q ' 
2
⎜ ⎟
2 ⎝ 2C ⎠ 2C
Q
Q' 
2
7. A series LCR circuit consists of an inductor L a capacitor C and a resistor R connected across a source of emf 
1
= 0 sin t. When  L  the current in the circuit is I0 and if angular frequency of the source is changed to
C
I0 1
, the current in the circuit becomes , then the value of  ' L  is
2  'C
L C R
 = 0 sin t
(1) R (2) 3R (3) 15 R (4) Zero
Sol. Answer (2)
E0
I0 
R
I0 E0
  ...(i)
2 ⎛ 1 ⎞
2
R  ⎜W ' L –
2
⎟
⎝ W 'C ⎠
E0
R
I0
So in (i)
⎛ 1 ⎞
R 2  ⎜W ' L – ⎟⎠  4R
2
⎝ W 'C
2
⎛ 1 ⎞
⎟  3R
2
⎜⎝ W ' L –
W 'C ⎠
1
W 'L – R 3
W 'C
8. A direct current of 10 A is superimposed on an alternating current I = 40 cos t (A) flowing through a wire. The
effective value of the resulting current will be
(1) 10 2 A (2) 20 2 A (3) 20 3 A (4) 30 A
Sol. Answer (4)
2
⎛ 40 ⎞
I net  10 2  ⎜
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
I net  100  800
 900  30 A
9. The sinusoidal potential difference V1 shown in figure applied across a resistor R produces heat at a rate W. What
is the rate of heat dissipation when the square wave potential difference V2 as shown in figure is applied across the
resistor?
V1 V2
V0 V0
t t
–V0 –V0
W
(1) (2) W (3) 2W (4) 2W
2
Sol. Answer (4)
2
Vrms
Power (P) =
R
According to the problem
2
⎛ V0 ⎞
⎜⎝ ⎟
2⎠
w
R
for square wave Vrms = V0
V02
W'
R
W'
 2, W '  2W
W
10. In the circuit shown in figure, if both the bulbs B1 and B2 are identical then
B1
C = 600 µF
B2
L = 12 mH
(1) Both bulbs have equal brightness

(2) B2 will be brighter than B1
(3) As the frequency is increased, brightness of B1 will increase and that of B2 will decrease
(4) As the frequency is decreased, the brightness of B1 will increase and that of B2 will decrease
Sol. Answer (3)
As frequency is increased, XC will decrease and XL will increase, so brightness of B, will increase and that
of B2 will decrease.
11. In the following circuit rms current through inductor is 0.8 A, the rms current through capacitor is 0.4 A and
rms current through resistor is 0.3 A, the current delivered by a.c. source is
L
R
C
(1) 0.7 A (2) 1.5 A (3) 0.5 A (4) Approximately 1 A

Sol. Answer (3)
I  I R2   I L – I C 
2
  0.3  2   0.8 – 0.4  2
  0.3  2   0.4  2  0.5 A
12. The output current versus time curve for a rectifier is shown in the figure. The average value of output current
in this case is
I
I0
t
I0 2I0
(1) 0 (2) (3) (4) I0
2 
Sol. Answer (3)
I avg 
∫ Idt
∫ dt
2I 0
So I avg 

13. If reading of voltmeter V shown in the figure at resonance is 200 V, then the quality factor of the circuit is
V
50 V
~
(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 1 (4) 3
Sol. Answer (2)
L X L ⎛i⎞
Q  ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
R R i
VL 200
So Q can be written as Q   4
VR 50
14. In the given A.C. circuit, the instantaneous current through inductor and capacitor are 0.8 A and 0.4 A
respectively. The instantaneous current through resistor is
L
R
~
(1) 1.2 A (2) 0.6 (3) 0.4 (4) 0.8 A
Sol. Answer (3)
l R  i L – iC
IR = 0.4
15. A capacitor of capacitance C has initial charge Q0 and connected to an inductor of inductance L as shown.
At t = 0 switch S is closed. The current through the inductor when energy in the capacitor is three times the
energy of inductor is
Q0
+ + + +
L
– – – – C
Q0 Q0 2Q0 4Q0
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 LC LC LC LC
Sol. Answer (1)
Q 02
E total  E i  E c 
2C
Q 02
4E i 
2C
Q 02 1 2
Ei   Li
8C 2
Q 02
i2 
4LC
Q0
i
2 LC
16. An inductor L and a capacitor C ac connected in the circuit as shown in the figure. The frequency of source
is equal to resonance frequency of the circuit. Which ammeter will read zero ampere?
A1
A2
A3 ~
E = E0 sin t
(1) A1 (2) A3 (3) A2 (4) None of these

Sol. Answer (2)
1
Given that L 
C
So net current lL – lC = 0 ∵ l L  l C 
So A3 reads zero ampere.
17. Average energy loss due to inductance (L) of circuit is (symbols have their usual meaning)
2
Vrms
2
(1) i rms (2)
XL
(3) i 02 X L (4) Zero
Sol. Answer (4)

No energy will be lost as there is no resistor (inductor only stores energy).
18. The virtual current of 4 A and 50 Hz flows in an ac circuit containing a coil. The power consumed in the coil is 240
W. If the virtual voltage across the coil is 100 V, then its resistance will be
1 1 1
(1)  (2)  (3) 15  (4) 
3 5 
Sol. Answer (3)
P  VI cos 
240  4 100 cos 
3 R
 cos   ...(i)
5 Z
and 4Z = 100  Z = 25 
3 R
So in (i)  ⇒ R  15 
5 25
19. Different alternating voltages are given below. In which case the peak value and rms value are same?
V V
V0 V0
(a) 0 (b) 0
t t
–V0 –V0
V V
V0 V0
(c) 0 (d) 0
t t
–V0 –V0
(1) (c) only (2) (d) only (3) (a), (b) & (c) (4) (b) & (c)
Sol. Answer (2)
For square pulse
Vrms = Vpeak
20. Two cables of copper are of equal lengths. One of them has a single wire of area of cross-section A, while
A
other has 10 wires of cross-sectional area each. Give their suitability for transporting A.C. and D.C.
10
(1) Only multiple strands for A.C, either for D.C.
(2) Only multiple strands for A.C, only single strand for D.C.
(3) Only single strand for D.C, either for A.C.
(4) Only single strand for A.C, either for D.C.
Sol. Answer (1)
21. An AC source is rated 222 V, 60 Hz. The average voltage is calculated in a time interval of 16.67 ms. It
(1) Must be zero (2) May be zero (3) Is never zero (4) Is ( 111 2 ) V
Sol. Answer (1)
2 2
T    16.67 ms
W 2  60
 for time interval 16.67 ms (which is time period) average volatge will always be zero.
22. In India electricity is supplied for domestic use at 220 V. It is supplied at 110 V in USA. If the resistance of
a 60 W bulb for use in India is R, the resistance of a 60 W bulb for use in USA will be
R R
(1) R (2) 2R (3) (4)
4 2
Sol. Answer (3)
V2
R
P
 220  2
R
60
110 2
R' 
60
R R
 4 ⇒ R' 
R' 4
150
23. An electric bulb of 100 W – 300 V is connected with an AC supply of 500 V and Hz . The required

inductance to save the electric bulb is
1 1
(1) 2 H (2) H (3) 4H (4) H
2 4
Sol. Answer (3)
V
0
50
300
V   300   500 2
2 2
V 2   400 2
V = 400
100 1
and l   A
300 3
V  lX L
⎛ 1⎞
400  ⎜ ⎟ X L
⎝ 3⎠
X L  1200 
 2f  L  1200 
So L = 4 H
24. In a RLC circuit capacitance is changed from C to 2C. For the resonant frequency to remain unchanged, the
inductance should be changed from L to
L L
(1) 4 L (2) 2L (3) (4)
2 4
Sol. Answer (3)
1
W 
LC
LC  L ' 2C
L L
⇒ L'  ⇒ L' 
2 2
SECTION - C
Previous Years Questions
1. A series R-C circuit is connected to an alternating voltage source. Consider two situations
(a) When capacitor is air filled.
(b) When capacitor is mica filled.
Current through resistor is i and voltage across capacitor is V then [Re-AIPMT-2015]
(1) Va = Vb (2) Va < Vb (3) Va > Vb (4) ia = ib
Sol. Answer (3)
R C
Z= R 2 + XC2
V
i=
Z
If C increases, XC decreases, current will increases hence voltage across resistance increases, so voltage
across capacitor decreases.
2. Across a metallic conductor of non-uniform cross- section a constant potential difference is applied. The quantity
which remains constant along the conductor is [AIPMT-2015]
(1) Electric field (2) Current density (3) Current (4) Drift velocity
Sol. Answer (3)
Across a metallic conductor of non-uniform cross section the rate of flow of charge through every cross section
is constant hence. Current is constant.
3. A transformer having efficiency of 90% is working on 200 V and 3 kW power supply. If the current in the secondary
coil is 6 A, the voltage across the secondary coil and the current in the primary coil respectively are
[AIPMT-2014]
(1) 300 V, 15 A (2) 450 V, 15 A (3) 450 V, 13.5 A (4) 600 V, 15 A
Sol. Answer (2)
90
Power ouput = 3kW   2.7 kW
100
Ib  6 A
2.7 kW
VS   450 V
6A
3 kW
IP   15 A
200 V
4. In an electrical circuit R,L,C and an a.c. voltage source are all connected in series. When L is removed from the

circuit, the phase difference between the voltage and the current in the circuit is . If instead, C is removed
3

from the circuit, the phase difference is again . The power factor of the circuit is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
3
3 1 1
(1) 1 (2) (3) (4)
2 2 2
Sol. Answer (1)
Magnitude of phase difference is constant  XL = XC
R R
So cos    1
Z R
5. The instantaneous values of alternating current and voltages in a circuit are given as
1
i= sin(100t) A
2
1 ⎛ ⎞
e= sin ⎜ 100t  ⎟ V
2 ⎝ 3⎠
The average power in watts consumed in the circuit is [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
1 3 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 4 2 8
Sol. Answer (4)
P  VrmsI rms cos 
l0 1 1
I rms   
2  2  2  2
V0 1 1
Vrms   
2  2  2  2
1 1  1 1 1
So, P  ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ cos  ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟  W
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ 3 ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ 8
6. In an ac circuit an alternating voltage e  200 2 sin100t volts is connected to a capacitor of capacity 1 F.
The rms. value of the current in the circuit is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) 20 mA (2) 10 mA (3) 100 mA (4) 200 mA
Sol. Answer (1)
10 6
XC   10 4
100  1
Vrms
I rms 
XC
200
I rms  = 0.02 A = 20 mA
10 4
7. An ac voltage is applied to a resistance R and an inductor L in series. If R and the inductive reactance are
both equal to 3 , the phase difference between the applied voltage and the current in the circuit is
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
  
(1) Zero (2) (3) (4)
6 4 2
Sol. Answer (3)
R 3
cos   ⇒ cos  
R  XL 2 2
3 2 , So  = 45°
8. The rms value of potential difference V shown in the figure is [AIPMT (Mains)-2011]
V0
t
O T/2 T
V0 V0 V0
(1) (2) (3) V0 (4)
2 3 2
Sol. Answer (4)
∫ I dt
2
I rms 
∫ dt
∫ V dt
2
Vrms 
∫ dt
T T
from O  , V = V0 and T , V = 0
2 2
V02 T
So Vrms  2  V0
T 2
9. A coil has resistances 30  and inductive reactance 20  at 50 Hz frequency. If an ac source, of
200 V, 100 Hz is connected across the coil, the current in the coil will be [AIPMT (Mains)-2011]
20
(1) A (2) 2.0 A (3) 4.0 A (4) 8.0 A
13
Sol. Answer (3)

20 = 100 L
1
L
5
⎛ 1⎞
X L  L  2 100  ⎜ ⎟  40 
⎝ 5 ⎠
and R = 30 
 Z  R 2  X L 2   30 2   40 2  50 
200
So l  4A
50
10. A 220 V input is supplied to a transformer. The output circuit draws a current of 2 A at 440 V. If the efficiency
of the transformer is 80%, the current drawn by the primary windings of the transformer is
(1) 5.0 A (2) 3.6 A (3) 2.8 A (4) 2.5 A
Sol. Answer (1)
Pout
 0.8  given
Pinput
VoutI out
 0.8
VinputI input
2  440
 0.8
 220 I
4
I  5.0 A
0.8
11. In the given circuit the reading of voltmeter V1 and V2 are 300 volts each. The reading of the voltmeter V3 and
ammeter A are respectively: [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
L C R = 100 
V1 V2 V3
A
~
220V, 50 Hz
(1) 150 V, 2.2 A (2) 220 V, 2.2 A (3) 220 V, 2.0 A (4) 100 V, 2.0 A
Sol. Answer (2)

Potential drop on L & C is same  Circuit is at resonance
So V3 = 220 V
220 220
and l    2.2 A
R 100
12. Power dissipated in an LCR series circuit connected to an a.c source of emf  is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
⎡ 2
⎛ 1 ⎞
2
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎤
2 R 2  ⎜ L   2 ⎢ R 2  ⎜ L  ⎥
⎝ C  ⎟⎠ ⎢⎣ ⎝ C  ⎠⎟ ⎥
⎦
(1) (2)
R R
2R 2R
(3) (4) 2
2 ⎡ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎤
2⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎢ R 2  ⎜ L  ⎥
R  ⎜ L  ⎟
⎝ C  ⎟⎠ ⎢⎣ ⎝ C ⎠ ⎥
⎦
Sol. Answer (4)
⎛V 2 ⎞
P  ⎜ rms ⎟ cos 
⎝ Z ⎠
now in problem
 2 R  2R  2R
P .  2 
Z Z Z 1 ⎞
2
R 2  ⎛⎜ L – ⎟
⎝ C ⎠
13. In an a.c. circuit the e.m.f. (e) and the current (i) at any instant are given respectively by
e = E0 sint
i = l0 sin(t – )
The average power in the circuit over one cycle of a.c. is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
E0 l 0 E0 l 0 E0 l 0
(1) E0I0 (2) (3) sin (4) cos
2 2 2
Sol. Answer (4)

E 0I 0
Pavg = cos 
2
14. The primary and secondary coils of a transformer have 50 and 1500 turns respectively. If the magnetic flux
linked with the primary coil is given by  = 0 + 4t, where  is in webers, t is time in seconds and 0 is a
constant, the output voltage across the secondary coil is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
(1) 30 V (2) 90 V (3) 120 V (4) 220 V
Sol. Answer (3)
d
 4
dt
N P VP

N S VS
50 1500
 ⇒ V = 120 V.
4 V
15. A transformer is used to light a 100 W and 110 V lamp from a 220 V (Mains). If the main current is 0.5 A, the
efficiency of the transformer is approximately [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
(1) 10% (2) 30% (3) 50% (4) 90%
Sol. Answer (4)
100 = 110 I
10
I A
11
16. A transistor-oscillator using a resonant circuit with an inductor L (of negligible resistance) and a capacitor C in
series produce oscillations of frequency f. If L is doubled and C is changed to 4C, the frequency will be
f f f
(1) (2) 8f (3) (4)
4 2 2 2
Sol. Answer (3)
17. A coil of inductive reactance 31  has a resistance of 8 . It is placed in series with a condenser of capacitative
reactance 25 . The combination is connected to an a.c. source of 110 V. The power factor of the circuit is
(1) 0.56 (2) 0.64 (3) 0.80 (4) 0.33
Sol. Answer (3)
R
cos  
Z
Z  R 2   XL – XC 
2
XL = 31 , XC = 25 
So Z  8 2   31– 25  2  10
8 4
So cos    0.8
10 5
18. The core of a transformer is laminated because [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]

(1) Energy losses due to eddy currents may be minimised
(2) The weight of the transformer may be reduced
(3) Rusting of the core may be prevented
(4) Ratio of voltage in primary and secondary may be increased
Sol. Answer (1)
19. In a circuit, L, C and R are connected in series with an alternating voltage source of frequency f. The current
leads the voltage by 45°. The value of C is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
1 1 1 1
(1) 2f  2fL  R  (2) f  2fL  R  (3) 2f  2fL  R  (4) f  2fL  R 
Sol. Answer (1)
R
cos 45 
2
⎛ 1 ⎞
R 2  ⎜ L – ⎟
⎝ C ⎠
2
⎛ 1 ⎞
R 2  ⎜ L – ⎟  2R
2
⎝ C ⎠
1
L – R
C
1
C 
L – R
1 1
C  
   L – R  2  f  2  fL – R 
20. In an ac circuit an alternating voltage e  200 2 sin100t volts is connected to capacitor of capacity 1 F. The
r.m.s. value of the current in the circuit is
(1) 20 mA (2) 10 mA (3) 100 mA (4) 200 mA

Sol. Answer (1)
21. In an A.C. circuit, Irms and /0 are related as
I0 I0
(1) Irms = I0 (2) Irms  2 I 0 (3) Irms  (4) Irms 
 2
Sol. Answer (4)
22. The electric current in a circuit is given by i = 3 sin t + 4 cos t. The rms current is
5 4 3
(1) (2) 5 (3) (4)
2 2 2
Sol. Answer (1)
l  3 sin t  4 cos t
⎛ ⎞
 3 sin t  4cos ⎜ t  ⎟
⎝ 2⎠

l 0  l 12  l 22  2l 1l 2 cos
2
l1 is max of l1 = 3
and l2 = 4

l 0   3 2   4 2  2  3  4 cos
2
=5
l0 5
l rms  
2 2
23. An L-C-R circuit is connected to a source of A.C. current. At resonance, the phase difference between the
applied voltage and the current in the circuit, is
 
(1)  (2) Zero (3) (4)
4 2
Sol. Answer (2)

 = 0 at resonance
24. The value of quality factor is
L 1 L
(1)
R
(2)
 RC2 (3) LC (4)
R
Sol. Answer (1)
L
Q
R
25. A capacitor of capacity C has reactance X. If capacitance and frequency become double then reactance will
be
X X
(1) 4X (2) (3) (4) 2X
2 4
Sol. Answer (3)
1 1
X  , X'
2fC 2  2f   2C 
X X
  4, So X ' 
X' 4
26. For a series LCR circuit the power loss at resonance is
2
V
V 2
(1) ⎡  L – 1 ⎤ (2) I2L (3) I2R (4)
⎢⎣  C ⎥⎦ C
Sol. Answer (3)

Power loss = l2R
27. A capacitor and a bulb are connected in series with a source of alternating emf. If a dielectric slab is inserted
between the plates of the capacitor, then
(1) The brightness of the bulb decreases (2) The brightness of the bulb increases
(3) The brightness of the bulb remains same (4) The brightness of the bulb becomes zero
Sol. Answer (2)
E
i
2
⎛ 1 ⎞
R2  ⎜
⎝ C ⎟⎠
1
will decrease, so i will increase. Hence the brightness of the bulb increases.
C
28. The primary winding of a transformer has 500 turns whereas its secondary has 5000 turns. The primary is
connected to an A.C. supply 20 V, 50 Hz. The secondary will have an output of
(1) 2 V, 50 Hz (2) 2 V, 5 Hz (3) 200 V, 50 Hz (4) 200 V, 500 Hz
Sol. Answer (3)
N P VP

N S VS
500 5000

20 V
V = 200 V, no change in frequency.
29. What is the value of inductance L for which the current is maximum in a series LCR circuit with
C = 10 F and  = 1000 s–1?
(1) 1 mH (2) Cannot be calculated unless R is known
(3) 10 mH (4) 100 mH
Sol. Answer (4)
XL = XC for maximum current
1
WL 
WC
10
1000L 
1000  10
L  100 mH
30. A step-up transformer operates on 220 V line and supplies 2.2 A. The ratio of primary and secondary winding is
11 : 50. The output voltage in the secondary is
(1) 220 V (2) 100 V (3) 1000 V (4) Zero
Sol. Answer (3)
N P VP

NS VS
11 220
 ⇒ V  1000 V
50 V
31. A coil of self inductance L is connected in series with a bulb and an A.C. source. Brightness of the bulb decreases
when
(1) Number of turns in the coil is reduced
(2) A capacitance of reactance XC = XL is included in the same circuit
(3) An iron rod is inserted in the coil
(4) Frequency of the A.C. source is decreased
Sol. Answer (3)
E2
i ...(1)
R 2  WL  2
An iron rod is inserted in the coil, L will increase hence i will decrease.
32. A condenser of capacity C is charged to a potential difference of V1. The plates of the condenser are then
connected to an ideal inductor of inductance L. The current through the inductor when the potential difference
across the condenser reduces to V2 is
1/ 2 1/ 2
⎛ C(V1  V2 )2 ⎞ C (V12  V22 ) C (V12  V22 ) ⎛ C(V12  V22 ) ⎞
(1) ⎜
⎝ L ⎟⎠ (2) (3) (4) ⎜⎝ L ⎟⎠
L L
Sol. Answer (4)
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. A : Direct current is more dangerous than Alternating current of same value.

R : An electrocuted person sticks to direct current line. while alternating current repels the person from the
line.
Sol. Answer (4)
2. A : AC can be transmitted over long distances at high voltage without much power loss.
R : The average value of AC is defined over any half cycle.
Sol. Answer (3)
3. A : An inductor and a capacitor are called low pass filter and high pass filter respectively.
R : Reactance of an inductor is low for low frequency signals and that of a capacitor is high for high frequency
signals.
Sol. Answer (3)
4. A : The chief characteristic of series resonant circuit is voltage magnification.

R : At resonance the voltage drop across inductance (or capacitance) is Q times the applied voltage.
Sol. Answer (1)
5. A : Wires of the transmission lines carrying A.C. are made of multiple strands.
R : A.C. flows on surface of the conductor.
Sol. Answer (1)
6. A : The ammeters and voltmeters used for measuring alternating current and voltages have non-uniform divisions
on their scales.
R : The instruments used for measuring alternating current and voltage are based on heating effect of current.
Sol. Answer (1)
7. A : A series resonant circuit is also known as an acceptor circuit.

R : For large value of Ohmic resistance, the quality factor of a series resonant circuit is high.
Sol. Answer (3)
8. A : For a practical choke coil the power factor is very small.

R : In a practical choke coil the power dissipation reduces if frequency of the a.c. is increased.
Sol. Answer (2)
9. A : If a current has both ac and dc components, then a dc ammeter used to measure this current will measure
the average value of the total current.
R : The scale of a dc ammeter is uniformly divided.
Sol. Answer (2)


Alternating Current

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Alternating Current

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Chapter 7

2. In alternating current circuits, the a.c. meters measure

(1) 1 volt (2) 5 3 volt (3) 5 volt (4) 10 volt

Using Kirchhoff's voltage law

(1) 190 (2) 70 (3) 50 (4) 40

emf  Vrms  VR2  VL – VC 

(1) 1200 V (2) 1200 2 V (3) 400 V (4) 400 2 V

 rms  VR2  VL – VC 

 500 2   400 2  VL – VC 

(1) Zero, 10 A (2) 10 A, zero (3) 10 A, 10 A (4) Zero, zero

When f is increased, XL will increase

18. Mark the incorrect statement

(1) 2 A (2) 3A (3) Zero (4) 1A

If voltage leads  X L  X C , for this condition

23. Power factor of an ideal choke coil (i.e., R = 0) is

P  E rmsI rms cos 

Sol. Answer (3)

Sol. Answer (3)

cos = 1 for resistor

Sol. Answer (1)

(1) 20 W (2) 40 W (3) 40 2 W (4) Zero

Using (1) and (2)

so percentage change   10 – 1  100

Sol. Answer (4)

Sol. Answer (1)

(1) R (2) 3R (3) 15 R (4) Zero

Sol. Answer (2)

(1) 10 2 A (2) 20 2 A (3) 20 3 A (4) 30 A

Sol. Answer (4)

I net  100  800

(1) Both bulbs have equal brightness

(1) 0.7 A (2) 1.5 A (3) 0.5 A (4) Approximately 1 A

  0.3  2   0.8 – 0.4  2

  0.3  2   0.4  2  0.5 A

(1) A1 (2) A3 (3) A2 (4) None of these

So A3 reads zero ampere.

Sol. Answer (4)

240  4 100 cos 

Sol. Answer (3)

P  VrmsI rms cos 

Sol. Answer (3)

Sol. Answer (2)

Sol. Answer (4)

Sol. Answer (4)

18. The core of a transformer is laminated because [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]

Sol. Answer (1)

(1) 20 mA (2) 10 mA (3) 100 mA (4) 200 mA

21. In an A.C. circuit, Irms and /0 are related as

Sol. Answer (4)

Sol. Answer (2)

24. The value of quality factor is

Sol. Answer (1)

Sol. Answer (3)

26. For a series LCR circuit the power loss at resonance is

Sol. Answer (3)

V = 200 V, no change in frequency.

Sol. Answer (4)

1. A : Direct current is more dangerous than Alternating current of same value.

4. A : The chief characteristic of series resonant circuit is voltage magnification.

7. A : A series resonant circuit is also known as an acceptor circuit.

8. A : For a practical choke coil the power factor is very small.

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