8 R. Esposito and M.

Pulvirenti

1

N

ζd+1,β (x, t) = δ xi (t) − x (2.6)
N
i=1

 
1 2 1
 −1  
β
× vi (t) vi (t) + 
φ ε xi (t) − xj (t) 
2 2
j
=i

1


N d
 −1   1  γ γ
+ Ψγ ,β ε xi (t) − xj (t) v (t) + vj (t) ,
2 2 i
j =1 γ =1

with

Ψα,β (z) = −zβ (∂α φ)(z). (2.7)

The first equation of (2.6) is immediate and actually O0 (ε) vanishes. We now show
how to obtain the second one, dropping the time dependence for sake of shortness. For
α = 1, . . . , d, we have:

1


N d
d α β
If = (∂β f )(xi )viα vi
dt N
i=1 β=1

1


N
 
− f (xi )ε−1 (∂α φ) ε−1 (xi − xj ) . (2.8)
N
i=1 j
=i

Because of the symmetry of the potential, the second term can be written as

1


N
 
− f (xi )ε−1 (∂α φ) ε−1 (xi − xj )
N
i=1 j
=i

1
1
N
  
=− f (xi ) − f (xj ) ε −1 (∂α φ) ε −1 (xi − xj ) .
N 2
i,j =1

Since the potential has finite range, say R, only the terms such that |xi − xj | < εR survive
in the last expression. This means that the particles interacting with the ith particle are in
a microscopically finite region and hence they are a finite number because of our previous
assumption ensuring small fluctuations of the density. Moreover, we have

 

d
 
ε −1 f (xi ) − f (xj ) = ε −1 (∂β f )(xi )(xi − xj ) + O εR 2 ,
β=1

so that we obtain the second equation (2.6). The third one is obtained in the same way.