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ABBREVIATION

PID- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease


AP - Anteroposterior MI- Myocardial Infarction
PA- Posteroanterior CVA- Cerebrovascular Accident
LAT- Lateral CVD- Cerebrovascular Disease
RAO- Right Anterior Oblique DNR- Do not resuscitate
RPO- Right Posterior Oblique CHF- Congested Heart Failure
LAO- Left Anterior Oblique
LPO- Left Posterior Oblique ER- Emergency Room
RUQ- Right Upper Quadrant OPD- Out Patient Department
RLQ- Right Lower Quadrant DR- Delivery Room
LUQ- Left Upper Quadrant OR- Operating Room
LLQ- Left Lower Quadrant RR- Recovery Room
NPO- Nonper orem ICU- Intensive Care Unit
STAT- immediately/ at once N- Natal
PRN- as needed P- Pediatric
Rx- therapy N- Medical
L- liter S- Surgical
mL- milliliter US- Ultrasound
cm- centimetre CT- Computerized Tomography
cc- cubic centimeter MRI- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
gtt- drop PET- Positron Emission Tomography
gr- grain ECG/EKG- Electrocardiogram
cap- capsule EEG- Electroencephalogram
tab- tablet GI- Gastrointestinal
caplet- capsule and tablet
VS- Vital Signs TYPES OF CONTRAST MEDIUM
RR- Respiratory Rate
CR/HR/PR-Cardiar Rate/Heart Rate/Pulse Rate 1. DIRECT- It goes to the organ being studied
BP- Blood Pressure 2. INDIRECT- passes through other system first
T- Temperature before the target organ
q- every
c- with ROUTES FOR CM
s- without 1. IV - most common
OD- once a day 2. ORAL
BID- twice a day 3. IM
TID- thrice a day 4. ID
QID- four times a day 5. SCLERAL
WC- wheel chair
DC- discontinue TWO MAIN TYPES OF CM
Gy- gray
RAD- radiation absorb dose 1. POSITIVE CM- appears radiopaque
RED- radiation equivalent dose a. Barium Sulfate- used for GIP
ID- intradermal b. Iodinated Compounds- mainly
IM- intramuscular used in ID
IV- intravenous 2. NEGATIVE CM- appears radiolucent
Kg- kilogram a. Air
CNS- Central nervous system
PNS- Peripheral Nervous system FLOUROSCOPY- imaging modality where a continuous
ANS- Anatomic Nervous system low power x-ray beam is passed through the patient to
GB- Gall Bladder produce a dynamic image that can be viewed on the TV
UB- urinary bladder Monitor.
KUB- kidney, ureter, bladder
GUT- genitor-urinary tract CONTRAST MEDIA/ CONTRAST MATERIAL
-substance that assist in the visualization of
UTI- Urinary tract infection structures
BARIUM SULFATE LOCA
- Soft metallic element of the alkaline earth
group mainly used on GIT. Utravist
Iopamiro
TWO FORMS OF BARIUM Optiray
1. THIN- the barium sulphate is 40% and 60% Omnipaque
Telepaque
water
2. THICK- 85% Barium sulfate
Minor Reaction
1. Nausea
CONTRIBUTION OF BARIUM SULFATE
2. Vomiting
1. BOWEL OBSTRUCTION
3. Rushes
2. BOWEL
4. Headache
3. ASPIRATION PNEUMONITIS
4. ALLERGIC REACTION
Intermediate reaction
1. Asthma/Dyspnea
IODINATED COMPOUNDS
2. Hypotension
- Consist of iodinated benzene ring derivatives
and ionic agents (sodium or meglumine salts)
Major reaction
1. Conbulsion
TWO CLASSES
2. Cardiac Arythmias
1. HOCA (HIGH OSMOLAR CONTRAST
3. Cardiac arrest
AGENT)
4. Pulmonary edema
-organic acids containing radio dense
5. Seizure
iodinated benzoic derivative of sodium
6. Urticaria- paele evanessent wheal
or meglumide.
PATIENT WITH HIGH RISK ALLERGIC REACTION
TWO MAJOR IONIC AGENTS
A. DIATRIZOATE
1. History of allergy
B. IOTHALAMINE
2. Previous contrast material reaction
3. Cardiac Disease
2. LOCA ( LOW OSMOLAR CONTRAST
4. Elderly
AGENT)
5. Neonates
-low incidence of allergic reaction
6. Diabetes
-more expensive
7. Multiple Myeloma- connective tissue disease
EXCRETION
Medical Asepsis
1. Liver
- is the state of being free from disease causing
2. Renal
microorganisms.

HOCA Contamination
-is the presence of a minor and unwanted
constituent (contaminant) in a material, in physical body,
Uroviscom in the natural environment
Uromino
Hypoque Pathogens
Angiovist -is anything that causes a disease
Conray
Renovist Disease
Resovist -is a particular abnormal, pathological condition
Gastrograpin that affects part or all of an organism
Sinograpin
Infection
-The invasion and multiplication of
microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites
that are not normally present within the body
STERILIZATION
Nosocomial Infection - is a term referring to any process that
-are infections are acquired in hospitals and eliminates (removes) or kills all forms of life,
other healthcare facilities including transmissible agents (such as fungi,
bacteria, viruses, spore forms, etc.) present on a
Carriers surface, contained in a fluid, in medication, or in a
-a person or animal that harbours and spread a compound such as biological culture media.
disease-causing organism without becoming ill.
AUTOCLAVING
Fungi -is a device used to sterilize equipment and
-exits in to forms, yeasts and molds supplies by subjecting them to high pressure
saturated steam
Protozoa
-often parasitic and are able to move from one
place to place pseudo pod formation

Bacteria
-they are classified according to their shape,
which may be either spherical (cocci), oblong (bacilli), or
spiral. Classified according to their divisional grouping as
diplococcic (group of two), streptococci (chains), or
staphylococci. (grapelike bunches).

Virus
-microorganisms that cannot be visualized under
an ordinary microscope. They are the smallest
organisms that are known to produced disease
in man.

STAGES OF INFECTION

Stage 1 / LATENT PERION


-pathogenic microorganisms enter the body and
lies dormant. The dormant period ends when the
microbe begins to shed. At this point, the disease
becomes communicable.

Stage 2/ INCUBATION PERIOD


-During this phase, the microbe reproduces and
the disease process begins.

Stage 3/ THE ACTUAL DISEASE PERIOD


-signs and symptoms of the disease may reach
their fullest extent. The disease is most communicable
during this phase

Stage 4/ THE PERIOD OF CONVALESCENCE


-symptoms begin to diminish and eventually
disappear.

DISINFECTION
-are antimicrobial agents that are applied to
non-living objects to destroy microorganisms that are
living on the objects

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