4.
1 Summarize the main ______________________________
thought of the topic in
paragraph form.
1. What are the main
arguments?
2. What is the point of this book
or article?
3. What topics are covered?
4. If someone asked what this
article/book is about, what
would you say?
5. The length of your
annotations will determine
how detailed your
summary is.
In summarizing, one can paraphrase.
•Paraphrasing is writing in one’s own
words ideas expressed by someone else.
 It is not directly quoting the
source material but one has
to state the source of the
information.
4.2 Assess:
1. Evaluate the authority or
background of the author.
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 2. What is the goal of this source?
3. Comment on the intended
audience.
4. Compare or contrast this work
with another you have cited.
5. Is this source biased or objective?
6. Is it a useful source? Is the
information reliable?
7. Lastly, explain how this work
illuminates your bibliography
topic.
4.3 Reflect :
 Once you've summarized and
assessed a source, you need to
ask how it fits into your
research.
 Was this source helpful to
you?
 How does it help you shape
your argument?
 How can you use this source in
your research project?
 Has it changed how you think
about your topic?
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 What is the applicability to
your own research?
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