Professional Documents
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Q11.1 : I want to specify the variation of the Elastic modulus as a function of the
deviatoric shear strain. I am told that this cannot be done directly but as has to
be done indirectly using field variables. How does one do it?
In the material properties under the keyword *MATERIAL for *ELASTIC
specify the range of values of E and the corresponding shear strain
values in the ascending order. Here use the deviatoric shear strain
values as Field variable 1.
*MATERIAL, NAME=SHEARDEPEND
*ELASTIC, DEPENDENCIES=1
1.2E5, 0.3, , 0.0001
1.5E5, 0.3, , 0.0010
2.0E5, 0.3, , 0.002
Include the above line in the ABAQUS input file prior to the first STEP
statement. This will invoke the call to the following subroutine which
could be in a file called sigini.f (for Linux system) and sigini.for (for
Windows XP).
SUBROUTINE SIGINI(SIGMA,COORDS,NTENS,NCRDS,NOEL,NPT,
+ LAYER KSPT LREBAR REBARN)
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+ LAYER,KSPT,LREBAR,REBARN)
C************************************************************
C
C In situ Effective stresses :
C SIGVET - Vertical Effective Top
C SIGVEB - Vertical Effective Base
C SIGHET - Horizontal Effective Top
C SIGHEB - Horizontal Effective Base
C************************************************************
INCLUDE 'ABA_PARAM.INC'
C
DIMENSION SIGMA(NTENS),COORDS(NCRDS)
C
CHARACTER*8 REBARN
C
SIGVET=-11.
SIGVEB=-60.
C
SIGHET=-6.
SIGHEB=-36.
C
HEIGHT=11.
C
SIGMA(1)=SIGHET + ((SIGHEB-SIGHET)/HEIGHT)*(HEIGHT-COORDS(2))
SIGMA(2)=SIGVET + ((SIGVEB-SIGVET)/HEIGHT)*(HEIGHT-COORDS(2))
SIGMA(3)=SIGMA(1)
C
RETURN
END
The above example is trivial and the same thing could have been
specified with the following statements without having to use user
subroutines.
*INITIAL CONDITIONS, TYPE=STRESS, GEOSTATIC
**
** element set YB SIGVB YT SIGVT KX KZ
ELSET, 0., 60., 11., 11., 0.6, 0.6
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Q11.4 : What is the difference between user subroutine USDFLD and UFIELD?
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Q11.5 : How does one submit jobs using user subroutines from the command
line?
abaqus j=analysis-id user=user
Q11.6 : What naming convention is to be followed for the files with user
subroutines?
In the Linux system create the file to be with extension .f and for
Windiws XP system it should be .for.
Q11.7 : How do I use more than one user subroutine in a single analysis?
All the subroutines are included in the same file, included one after the
other.
Q11.8 : I included a user subroutine called USDFLD and wrote out some stress
parameters to unit 6 but these did not appear in the dat file. What could be the
problem?
It is possible that the following statements may have been
inadvertently omitted in the definition of the material properties
*USER DEFINED FIELD
*DEPVAR
1,
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Q11.10 : I write out data to a file on unit 101 and specified the file name in an
open statement but could not find the file after the analysis was completed?
ENDIF
RETURN
END
Q11.11 : How can I sum up the reaction forces for a given set of Nodes?
It would help to create a NODE set with all the nodes for which the
Reactions need to be summed up.
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Create XY Data
In the dialogue box which appaers
(o) ODB field output
toggle this
Click on Continue ...
In the XY Data from ODB Field Output Dialog box, choose
Position : Unique Nodal
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Q11.13 : I tried to use the GETVM calls to extract some parameter values
which were not available in the UMAT subroutine namely the PORE
PRESSURE in a consolidation analysis but I could not. The values came out as
unspecified?
RVF Reaction fluid volume flux due to prescribed pressure. This is the
rate at which fluid volume is entering or leaving the model through the
node to maintain the prescribed pressure boundary condition.
A positive value for RVF means fluid entering the model.
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Q11.16 : How do I specify that no flow takes place across a boundary ie it has
to be impermeable?
Q11.18 : I am carrying out a tunnel excavation analysis and between the soil
excavation and the tunnel lining placed there is load relief. How do I model this?
When the soil is excavated in order to place the lining restrain the
nodes which lies in the interface for soils and lining in the step in which
the excavation takes place.
The reactions are equivalent to the support provided by the excavated
soil. If the lining was placed then these forces are then transmitted to
the lining.
Modify the input file to include the reactions as Nodal forces in the
same step in which the excavation is carried out.
Then in the next step reduce the reactions by the proportion by which
load relief is to be applied.
Then in the step where the lining is to be placed include the elements
which represent the lining using
*MODEL CHANGE, ADD
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In the same step remove the rest of the reactions loads along the
interface.
This is illustrated by the following Example 1.1.11 Stress free
Element Reactivation in the version 6.8 Examples Manual Of course
this is tedious that one first has to fix the nodes from moving when the
excavation is carried out in order to obtain the Reaction forces.
Then the input file has to be editted to include these reactions as nodal
forces. Then again the nodal forces are reduced to represent load
relief. Then the lining is added and the remainder of the nodal forces
removed to facilitate the transfer of these forces to the lining,
Q11.19 : I have a large structure which has a repeating pattern of a basic unit
and what is the best way to model this structure?
substructure modelling. Example 2.2.1 Analysis of Rotating Fan
using Substructures and cyclic symmetry in the ABAQUS Examples
manual (version 6.8)
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Edit/Inertia Dialogue Box In the dialogue box enter EndMass for name
and the type to be PointMass/Inertia and click on Continue....
Click at the point in the viewport to which the concentrated mass is to
be attached and then click on Done.
In the Edit Inertia dialogue box enter the magnitude of mass
for Mass and click on OK.
This completes the creation of a Mass and a cyan box should be
displayed representing the position of the mass.
Q11.24 : I have a problem instaling Fortran Compiler and getting the user sub
routines to work with ABAQUS on Windows XP computer?
See the following webpage for step-by-step instructions in installing
the compilers for ABAQUS to run user subroutines.
Instruction for installing FORTRAN Compiler
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*EL PRINT
SK1,SK2,SK3
This will print the radii of curvature at the integration points in the
*.dat file.
Sample output in the *.dat file :
THE FOLLOWING TABLE IS PRINTED FOR ALL ELEMENTS WITH TYPE S3R AT THE INTEGRATION PO
This will print the radii of curvature at the nodes of each element.
However for lower order elements it is likely to be the same value as
the element centroid.
*EL PRINT, POSITION=NODES
SK1, SK2, SK3
Include the following statements which will generate history plots for
the element set mid-span which will have to be defined.
**
** HISTORY OUTPUT: H-Output-1
**
*Output, history, variable=PRESELECT
*ELEMENT OUTPUT, ELSET=mid-span
SK1, SK2, SK3
*End Step
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Figure shows the mesh. In this example the fluid is modelled using 3
F3D4 elements. The nodes should be entered in the element definition
so that positive normal to the surface using the Right hand rule should
be pointing towards the fluid side of the mesh ie the interior of the
fluid.
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PCAV, CVOL
**
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**
*NODE, NSET=MFLUID
880, 0, 0.
*FlUID PROPERTY, NAME=VENT,ELSET=FLUID,REF NODE=880,TYPE=hydraulic
*FLUID DENSITY
1.E+2
*FLUID BULK MODULUS
2.2E2
**
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**
**
The next step is to define the Periodic Amplitude for the applied
pressure load. If the pressure load has already been created choose
the LOAD module and the pressure load and click on Edit Load button.
In the new dialogue box choose click on Create ...next to the
Amplitude.
This will display the following dialogue box. Choose Periodic
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Sine function.
Q11.28 : How do I calculate the volumetric strain and be able to post process
it?
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*USER OUTPUT
4
This allocates 4 storage locations for output variables and then invokes
a call to the user subroutine UVARM.
Include the output variable UVARM in the list of output variables (this will then get written to
the *.odb file).
Here the use of the following statements store the individual strains as well as the volumetric
strain.
UVAR(1)=E11
UVAR(2)=E22
UVAR(3)=E33
UVAR(4)=E11+E22+E33
These variables are then available as UVARM1, ... UVARM4 in the odb
file.
Q11.29: How does one specify material properties which varies with depth?
In this example the Elastic modulus and the friction angle are assumed
to be varying linearly with depth.
Here the depth is used for the range of the field variable.
In the material properties under the keyword *MATERIAL for *ELASTIC specify the range of
values of E corresponding to the depth. Do the same with the friction and dilation angles. This
is illustrated with a single field variable.
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*Material, name=Material-1
*Density
2.7e-06,
*Elastic,dependencies=1
45., 0.2, 0.
75., 0.2, 100.
*Permeability, specific=10.
1e-08, 0.3
*Mohr Coulomb, dependencies=1
30.,10., , 0.
40.,20., , 100.
*Mohr Coulomb Hardening
0.2, 0.,
0.4, 0.05,
0.6, 0.09,
Here the use of the following statement to calculate the depth by subtracting the Y co-ordiante
from the Y co-rdinate at the top of the mesh.
FIELD(1)=100.-COORDS(2)
Q11.30: How do I write the State variables STATEV to the odb file?
This is illustrated with 16 STATEV variables written to the history
output.
*Output, history
*Node Output, nset=sand
RF1, U1
*Element Output, elset=sand
SDV1, SDV2, SDV3, SDV4, SDV5, SDV6, SDV7, SDV13, SDV14, SDV15, SDV16
Q11.31: How can I access the pore pressure from the UMAT subroutine in a
soils analysis?
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You also need to introduce a field dependency for this. Even if such a
dependency is not part of the model a dummy field dependency will
have to be introduced. Otherwise the subroutine USDFLD will not be
called by ABAQUS.
A dummy field dependency can be introduced for example as follows :
Here the Field variable is varied between 0 and 1 but the actual value
of the field variable does not have any effect on the permeability which
is fixed at 1.E-8.
The following lists the user subroutine USDFLD. The saturation and
pore pressure values which are accessed using subroutine calls to
GETVRM are stored in (say) locations 15 and 16 of the STATEV variable
respectively.
User Subroutine USDFLD.
The following statements are then included in the UMAT subroutine to access the saturation
and pore pressure values.
SAT=STATEV(15)
POREP=STATEV(16)
write(IW6,9860)POREP,SAT
9860 FORMAT(1X,'** POREP =',E15.5,2X,'SAT =',E15.5)
C
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Section definition
Click on the Advanced tab and in the dialog box and toggle the Linear
through thickness for Temperature variation then click on OK.
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