 ARDUINO BASED SMART WATER IRRIGATION

SYSTEM
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
Group:
Kalmi Nilesh EN NO: 169860309012
Parmar Sahil EN NO: 169860309028
Patel Rutvik EN NO: 169860309035
Patel Rutvik EN NO: 169860309036

In fulfillment for 5TH Semester

of
DIPLOMA OF ENGINEERING
in
Electrical Engineering
Shree swaminarayan Polytechnic college

Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad

Academic Year (2018-2019)

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “ARDUINO

BASEDSMART WATER IRRIGATION SYSTEM” has been carried out by
KALAMI NILESH, PARMAR SAHIL , at 986-Shree Swaminarayan polytechnic ,is
Approved for the diploma of engineering practical fulfillment (ELECTRICAL) by
Gujarat technological university.

Head of Department
Prof. Nimesh Jani
Electrical Engineering Department ,
SSP , Gandhinagar

Date :

Place : Gandhinagar

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE
NO.
CERTIFICATE 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3
ABSTRACT 6

CH.1 INTRODUCTION 7
1.1 PROBLEM SUMMARY 7
1.2 AIM & OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT 8
1.3 PLAN OF THE WORK 8
1.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM 9

CH.2 COMPONENTS USED IN THE SYSTEM 10

2.1 MOISURE SENSOR 10
2.2 ARDUINO BOARD 11
2.3 WATER PUMP 14
2.4 L298N MOTOR CONTROLLER 16

CH. 3 HOW TO IMPLEMENT 18

3.1 WHAT IS DRIP IRRIGATTION SYSTEM 18
3.2 WHAT IS SMART IRRIGATION 19

CH.4 4.1 PUMP WITH ARDUINO 21

4.2 ALGORITHM 21

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 SUMMARY 24
REFERENCES 24

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thank Shree swaminarayan polytechnic ,ganadhinagar sector -22
for giving us the opportunity to use their resources and workin such a challenging
environment.
First and foremost, We take this opportunity to express our deepest sense of
gratitude to our guide , for her able guidance during our project work. This project would
not have been possible without her help and the valuable time that she has given us
amidst of her busy schedule.
We would like to extend our gratitude to my friends and senior students of this
department who have always encouraged and supported us in doing our work.
Last but not the least, We would like to thank all the staff members of Department
of Electrical Engineering who have been very cooperative with us.

Kalmi Nilesh EN NO: 169860309012

Parmar Sahil EN NO: 169860309028
Patel Rutvik EN NO: 169860309035
Patel Rutvik EN NO: 169860309036

Date:
Place:

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 ABSTRACT

An automatic irrigation control system has been designed to facilitate the automatic supply of
adequate of water from a reservoir to field or domestic crops in all agricultural seasons. One of
the objectives of this work is to see how human control could be removed from irrigation and
also to optimize the use of water in the process. The method employed is to continuously
monitor the soil moisture level to decide whether irrigation is needed, and how much water is
needed in the soil. A pumping mechanism is used to deliver the needed amount of water to the
soil. The work can be grouped into four subsystems namely; power supply, sensing unit, control
unit and pumping subsystems which make up the automatic irrigation control system.A moisture
sensor was constructed to model the electrical resistance of the soil; a regulated 24 volts power
supply unit was constructed to power the system; the control circuit was implemented using
operational amplifier ,Arduino controller, Motor diver IC and relay; and the pumping subsystem
consisting of a submersible water pump was constructed using a small ac-operated motor.
System response tests were carried out to determine the time taken for the system to irrigate
potted samples of different soil types having different levels of dryness. The results obtained
showed that sandy soils require less water than loamy soils and clay soils require the most water
for irrigation.

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 Chapter – 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROBLEM SUMMARY:

Irrigation is an artificial supplying of water to the root of plant. Irrigation has been used
to
assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and re-vegetation
of
disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. In crop production,
irrigation helps in protecting plants against frost, suppressing weed growth in grain fields
and preventing soil consolidation. Irrigation systems are also used for dust suppression,
disposal of sewage, and in mining. The old method used for irrigation was the use of
watering cans, water channels that have to be opened and closed manually or backpack
sprinklers. In this case, a lot of water is wasted in the process. There is need for
improvement on the existing or old forms of irrigation. An automated irrigation system
needs to be developed to optimize water use for agricultural crops. An intelligent
automatic irrigation system has to have all the components that autonomously monitor
and control the level of water available to the plants without any failure or human
intervention. The intelligent system should perform the following functions:
1. Continuously monitor the amount of soil water available to plants (this is
usually achieved using a sensing system).
2. Determine if watering is required for the plants based on the information
obtained from monitoring the soil water content.
3. Supply exact (or approximate) amount of water required for the plants.
4. Discontinue the water supply when the required amount has been delivered to
the plants.

This feature is important as the amount of water available for the irrigation system is not
infinite, therefore water management is paramount. The advantages of automatic
irrigation to the plants include saving money, water, conservation of labour and overall
convenience. The water supply needed by the system to perform its irrigation function
can be from any source, i.e. well, river, stream, pond, lagoon, etc. However, it is most
desirable if a constant source of water is available to the system in order to ensure
continuity of operation. The most preferred arrangement will be a water reservoir which
is constantly maintained at full capacity or a large source of fresh water which remains
continually available irrespective of variations in weather or climatic conditions. There
are about four categories of methods proposed for scheduling irrigation effectively:
• Entirely empirical method and without any kind of on-going measurement

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 • Method based on monitoring soil moisture
• Method based on estimates of water use from weather data, and
• Method based on tracking the condition of the crop usually referred to as crop
water stress.
The method of monitoring the soil moisture is employed in this project work. By this
method, the amount of water applied to the agricultural products is minimized and it
reduces crop production cost. Irrigation methods, according to are based on the
following; the experience of the farmer, the soil properties and environmental conditions.
A better way to monitor the environmental conditions and effective use of water to avoid
wastage is by the use of sensor network

Focus of study

1.2 AIM & OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT:

Under this project we aim to develop reliable and cost saving methods for irrigations
system. This will involve various sensor and pump interfacing with controller. To save
the water we have decided to use drip irrigation along with pump control.

1.3 PLAN OF THE WORK:

 5th Semester : We will design system drip irrigation system for farm. We control
pump with Arduino uno and we will interface moisture sensor with Arduino uno
 6th : We will integrate sensor as well as pump with Arduino. Over all system will
run in close loop system.

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1.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROJECT

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 Chapter - 2
COMPONENTS USED IN THE SYSTEM

2.1 MOISTURE SENSOR

This is an easy to use digital soil moisture sensor. Just insert the sensor in the soil and it
can can measure moisture or water level content in it. It gives a digital output of 5V when
moisture level is high and 0V when the moisture level is low in the soil.
The sensor includes a potentiometer to set the desired moisture threshold. When the
sensor measures more moisture than the set threshold, the digital output goes high and an
LED indicates the output. When the moisture in the soil is less thatn the set threshold, the
output remains low. The digital output can be connected to a micro controller to sense the
moisture level. The sensor also outputs an analog output which can be connected to the
ADC of a micro controller to get the exact moisture level in the soild.
This sensor is great for making water gardening projects, water sensing, etc.

Specifications:-
 Operating voltage: 3.3V~5V
 Dual output mode,analog output more accurate
 A fixed bolt hole for easy installation
 With power indicator (red) and digital switching output indicator (green)
 Having LM393 comparator chip, stable
 Panel PCB Dimension: Approx.3cm x 1.5cm
 Soil Probe Dimension: Approx. 6cm x 3cm
 Cable Length: Approx.21cm
 VCC: 3.3V-5V
 GND: GND
 DO: digital output interface(0 and 1)
 AO: analog output interface
 Connections: -VCC connect to 3.3V-5V
 GND connect to GND
 DO digital value output connector（0 or 1）AO analog value output connector

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Usage:-
 Soil moisture module is most sensitive to the ambient, generally used to detect the
moisture content of the soil.
 When the module can not reach the threshold value, DO port output high, when
the the soil humidity exceeds a set threshold value, the module D0 output low
 The small board digital output D0 can be connected directly to the MCU, MCU to
detect high and low, to detect soil moisture
 Small board digital output DO can directly drive the buzzer module or relay
module in our store, which can form a soil moisture alarm equipment
 Small board analog output AO and AD module connected through the AD
converter, you can get more precise values of soil moisture

2.2 ARDUINO BOARD:

Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino
consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a
microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical
board.

The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just starting out with
electronics, and for good reason. Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, the
Arduino does not need a separate piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order to
load new code onto the board – you can simply use a USB cable. Additionally, the
Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to program.
Finally, Arduino provides a standard form factor that breaks out the functions of the
micro-controller into a more accessible package.

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 ower (USB / Barrel Jack)

Every Arduino board needs a way to be connected to a power source. The Arduino UNO
can be powered from a USB cable coming from your computer or a wall power supply
(like this) that is terminated in a barrel jack. In the picture above the USB connection is
labeled (1) and the barrel jack is labeled (2).

The USB connection is also how you will load code onto your Arduino board. More on
how to program with Arduino can be found in our Installing and Programming Arduino
tutorial.

NOTE: Do NOT use a power supply greater than 20 Volts as you will overpower (and
thereby destroy) your Arduino. The recommended voltage for most Arduino models is
between 6 and 12 Volts.
Pins (5V, 3.3V, GND, Analog, Digital, PWM, AREF)

The pins on your Arduino are the places where you connect wires to construct a circuit
(probably in conjuction with a breadboard and some wire. They usually have black
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plastic ‘headers’ that allow you to just plug a wire right into the board. The Arduino has
several different kinds of pins, each of which is labeled on the board and used for
different functions.

GND (3): Short for ‘Ground’. There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of
which can be used to ground your circuit.
5V (4) & 3.3V (5): As you might guess, the 5V pin supplies 5 volts of power, and the
3.3V pin supplies 3.3 volts of power. Most of the simple components used with the
Arduino run happily off of 5 or 3.3 volts.
Analog (6): The area of pins under the ‘Analog In’ label (A0 through A5 on the UNO)
are Analog In pins. These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor (like a
temperature sensor) and convert it into a digital value that we can read.
Digital (7): Across from the analog pins are the digital pins (0 through 13 on the
UNO). These pins can be used for both digital input (like telling if a button is pushed)
and digital output (like powering an LED).
PWM (8): You may have noticed the tilde (~) next to some of the digital pins (3, 5, 6,
9, 10, and 11 on the UNO). These pins act as normal digital pins, but can also be used for
something called Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM). We have a tutorial on PWM, but for
now, think of these pins as being able to simulate analog output (like fading an LED in
and out).
AREF (9): Stands for Analog Reference. Most of the time you can leave this pin alone.
It is sometimes used to set an external reference voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the
upper limit for the analog input pins.

Reset Button

Just like the original Nintendo, the Arduino has a reset button (10). Pushing it will
temporarily connect the reset pin to ground and restart any code that is loaded on the
Arduino. This can be very useful if your code doesn’t repeat, but you want to test it
multiple times. Unlike the original Nintendo however, blowing on the Arduino doesn’t
usually fix any problems.
Power LED Indicator

Just beneath and to the right of the word “UNO” on your circuit board, there’s a tiny LED
next to the word ‘ON’ (11). This LED should light up whenever you plug your Arduino
into a power source. If this light doesn’t turn on, there’s a good chance something is
wrong. Time to re-check your circuit!
TX RX LEDs
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TX is short for transmit, RX is short for receive. These markings appear quite a bit in
electronics to indicate the pins responsible for serial communication. In our case, there
are two places on the Arduino UNO where TX and RX appear – once by digital pins 0
and 1, and a second time next to the TX and RX indicator LEDs (12). These LEDs will
give us some nice visual indications whenever our Arduino is receiving or transmitting
data (like when we’re loading a new program onto the board).
Main IC

The black thing with all the metal legs is an IC, or Integrated Circuit (13). Think of it as
the brains of our Arduino. The main IC on the Arduino is slightly different from board
type to board type, but is usually from the ATmega line of IC’s from the ATMEL
company. This can be important, as you may need to know the IC type (along with your
board type) before loading up a new program from the Arduino software. This
information can usually be found in writing on the top side of the IC. If you want to know
more about the difference between various IC’s, reading the datasheets is often a good
idea.
Voltage Regulator

The voltage regulator (14) is not actually something you can (or should) interact with on
the Arduino. But it is potentially useful to know that it is there and what it’s for. The
voltage regulator does exactly what it says – it controls the amount of voltage that is let
into the Arduino board. Think of it as a kind of gatekeeper; it will turn away an extra
voltage that might harm the circuit. Of course, it has its limits, so don’t hook up your
Arduino to anything greater than 20 volts.

2.3WATER PUMP :
Submersible Low Noise Water Pump DC 3-6V 120 L/H

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Product Description
Pump without power supply, power supply matched to the other, and water pump is a dc
pumps, pump voltage 3 v, with DC3 – use 6 v power supply.
(cannot be used directly with 220 v ac voltage)
DC Voltage:2.5-6V
Maximum lift:40-110cm / 15.75″-43.4″
Flow rate:80-120L/H
Outside diameter of water outlet: 7.5mm / 0.3″
Inside diameter of water outlet: 4.7mm / 0.18″
Diameter:Approx. 24mm / 0.95″
Length:Approx. 45mm / 1.8″
Height:Approx. 33mm / 1.30″

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 Material:engineering plastic
Driving mode: brushless dc design, magnetic driving
Continuous working life of 500 hours

2.4 L298N MOTOR DRIVER:

The L298 Driver is a high voltage, high current dual ful bridge driver designed to accept
standard TTL logic levels and drive inductive loads such relays, solenoids, DC and
stepping motors. Two enable inputs are provided to enable or disable the device
independently of the input signals. The emitters of the lower transistors of each bridge are
connected together the corresponding external terminal can be used for the connection of
an external sensing resistor.

Features:

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 Operating supply voltage up to 46 V
.Total DC current up to 4 A
.Low saturation voltage
.Overtemperature protection.
.LOGICAL "0" INPUT VOLTAGE UP TO 1.5 V (HIGH NOISE IMMUNITY)
Two motor direction indicator LEDs
An onboard user-accessable 5V low-dropout regulator
Schottky EMF-protection diodes
Screw-terminals for power and motor connections.
High quality PCB FR4 Grade with FPT Certified.

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 Chapter - 3
HOW TO IMPLEMENT

3.1 WHAT IS DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM???

Drip irrigation is sometimes called trickle irrigation and involves dripping water onto the
soil at very low rates (2-20 litres/hour) from a system of small diameter plastic pipes
fitted with outlets called emitters or drippers. Water is applied close to plants so that only
part of the soil in which the roots grow is wetted, unlike surface and sprinkler irrigation,
which involves wetting the whole soil profile. With drip irrigation water, applications are
more frequent (usually every 1-3 days) than with other methods and this provides a very
favorable high moisture level in the soil in which plants can flourish.

Drip irrigation system delivers water to the crop using a network of mainlines, sub-mains
and lateral lines with emission points spaced along their lengths. Each dripper/emitter,
orifice supplies a measured, precisely controlled uniform application of water, nutrients,
and other required growth substances directly into the root zone of the plant.
Water and nutrients enter the soil from the emitters, moving into the root zone of the
plants through the combined forces of gravity and capillary. In this way, the plant’s
withdrawal of moisture and nutrients are replenished almost immediately, ensuring that
the plant never suffers from water stress, thus enhancing quality, its ability to achieve
optimum growth and high yield.

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3.2 WHAT IS SMART IRRIGATION

Being an agrarian nation, about 65% of the Indian population depends on agriculture and
it accounts for around 22% of the India’s GDP [8]. Water management is the most
important issue on which the growth of agriculture sec-tor largely depends. Indian
agriculture sector is in dire need of investment to meet the expenses. To fuel the capital
needs of the agricultural economy and also to ensure that the benefits of growth percolate
to bottom of the socio-economic pyramid, farming has to be projected as an avenue of
investment for the urban population. The scarcity of available water both in its quantity
and quality and the migration of labor from agriculture for various reasons resulted in
modernizing and automat-ing farming practices that will pave way for revamping agri-
culture.
Recent scientific advancements have made possible the networking of a wide variety of
sensors, independently from any pre-existing infrastructure. Whenever physical con-
ditions change rapidly, these allow for real-time data processing at a minimal cost. Sensor
Networks (SNs) are increasingly considered by the scientific community as the future of
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Environmental Monitoring. Providing at a low cost, the possibility to gather and process
all sorts of data with a space and time resolution which was inconceivable before, these
networks are viewed as a critical element of the revolution of ubiquitous computing.

Drip irrigation is artificial technique of providing water to the roots of the plant. It is also
called micro irrigation. Drip irrigation system is based on remote monitoring as well as
controlling. In proposed system both mobile and computer are monitor and control the
drip devices. In Intelligent Drip Irrigation system, an android mobile sends commands to
computer to control drip irrigation system, here different sensors like humidity,
temperature. will use for detection purpose. These sensors send the real time values to
micro-controller and micro-controller send these values to computer (Cloud server).
According to sensor values the user can switch on or off drip devices. Through modular
design, the system builds hierarchical management structure to meet different
applications requirements. It can monitor the changes in soil humidity, air temperature,
humidity and feedback the sensor signals by wireless sensor network. Farmer can control
as well as monitor the drip devices from anywhere. Proposed system removes drawbacks
of previous systems like distance problem, range problem. Due to the automatic mode,
drip devices can be controlled automatically by hardware. This approach is very
beneficial for increasing crop production. Accurate and appropriate moisture of soil is
required for the proper growth of crop. The maximum amount of water is used in
agriculture in form of irrigation. The plants should be irrigated only when they need
water, unwanted application of water increases the chances of weed production and
incidence of disease. This paper presents a system that can help the farmers to get proper
information about the amount of water required for irrigation as well as the temperature
and humidity of atmosphere.

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 Chapter - 4

4.1 PUMP MOTOR WITH ARDUINO

4. 2 ALGORITHM
int sensor_pin = A0;

int output_value ;

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

Serial.println("Reading From the Sensor ...");

delay(2000);

void loop() {

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 output_value= analogRead(sensor_pin);

output_value = map(output_value,550,0,0,100);

Serial.print("Mositure : ");

Serial.print(output_value);

Serial.println("%");

delay(1000);

}
#define enA 9
#define in1 6
#define in2 7
#define button 4
int rotDirection = 0;
int pressed = false;
void setup() {
pinMode(enA, OUTPUT);
pinMode(in1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(in2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(button, INPUT);
// Set initial rotation direction
digitalWrite(in1, LOW);
digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);
}
void loop() {
int potValue = analogRead(A0); // Read potentiometer value
int pwmOutput = map(potValue, 0, 1023, 0 , 255); // Map the potentiometer value from 0 to 255
analogWrite(enA, pwmOutput); // Send PWM signal to L298N Enable pin
// Read button - Debounce
if (digitalRead(button) == true) {
pressed = !pressed;
}

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while (digitalRead(button) == true);
delay(20);
// If button is pressed - change rotation direction
if (pressed == true & rotDirection ==
0) {
digitalWrite(in1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(in2, LOW);
rotDirection = 1;
delay(20);
}
// If button is pressed - change rotation direction
if (pressed == false & rotDirection == 1) {
digitalWrite(in1, LOW);
digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);
rotDirection = 0;
delay(20);
}
}

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 SUMMARY

The average yield difference of Okra between the non-automated and the automated
system was 0.502 kg / 25 m2. i.e., the automated system exhibited promising results
when compared to the other system. The cumulative water con-sumption difference
between the two systems was 39.468 litres for 65 days. The automated system
satisfactorily minimizes the water requirement of the crops compared to the other one as
the water supply is cut off once when the moisture reaches the upper threshold, whereas
no such control is there in the non-automated system.
In spite of certain limitations, the automated system proved itself by the increased yield,
minimized water con-sumption and requirement of labour.

REFERENCES

• https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/LibraryExamples
• https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/BuiltInExamples
• https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub

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