Plagiarisme dan Cara Menghindarinya

Definisi
• Plagiarisme
Penjiplakan yang melanggar hak cipta (KBBI 2017).

• According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary,

to "plagiarize" means:
to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as
one's own
to use (another's production) without crediting the source
to commit literary theft
to present as new and original an idea or product derived
from an existing source

https://www.plagiarism.org/article/what-is-plagiarism
 Did You Know?

The word plagiarism comes from the Latin

plagiarius, plagium meaning "kidnapper"
 How serious is the problem?
“A study of 4,500 students at 25 schools:

72% admitted to serious cheating on written

assignments using the Internet.”

Based on the research of Donald L. McCabe, Rutgers University

Source: “CIA Research.” Center for Academic Integrity, Duke University, 2003
<http://academicintegrity.org/cai_research.asp>.
 Definisi
• turning in someone else's work as your own
• copying words or ideas from someone else without
giving credit
• failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
• giving incorrect information about the source of a
quotation
• changing words but copying the sentence structure of
a source without giving credit
• copying so many words or ideas from a source that it
makes up the majority of your work, whether you give
credit or not (see our section on "fair use" rules)

https://www.plagiarism.org/article/what-is-plagiarism
 Unintentional Plagiarism
• Paraphrasing poorly: changing a few words without
changing the sentence structure of the original, or
changing the sentence structure but not the words.
• Quoting poorly: putting quotation marks around part
of a quotation but not around all of it, or putting
quotation marks around a passage that is partly
paraphrased and partly quoted.
• Citing poorly: omitting an occasional citation or citing
inaccurately.
MLA handbook for writers of research papers. (7th ed.). The Modern Language Association of America. New York: 2009. Print.
 Intentional Plagiarism
• Passing off as one’s own pre-written papers from
the Internet or other sources.
• Copying an essay or article from the Internet, on-
line source, or electronic database without quoting
or giving credit.
• Cutting and pasting from more than one source to
create a paper without quoting or giving credit.
• Borrowing words or ideas from other students or
sources without giving credit.
MLA handbook for writers of research papers. (7th ed.). The Modern Language Association of America. New York: 2009. Print.
 The First Type of plagiarism
• Plagiarism of Words
– The use of another’s exact words without citing the
author

– Incorrect
• Plagiarism is the reproduction of someone else’s words, ideas
or findings and presenting them as one’s own without proper
acknowledgement.
– Correct
• Plagiarism is the “reproduction of someone else’s words, ideas
or findings and presenting them as one’s own without proper
acknowledgement” (Undergraduate Course Handbook: 2008,
p.24)
“Buddhadasa’s conception of
human beings as active
controllers of their own material
and spiritual progress is most
clearly presented in his view of
work as integrating both social
and spiritual activity.” — Peter
Jackson, Buddhadasa: A Buddhist
Thinker for the Modern World,
page 200.
 kata-kata orisinal dari pengarang asli harus di tulis secara tepat
dan lengkap.
Jackson (1988) wrote,
“Buddhadasa’s conception of
human beings as active
controllers of their own material
and spiritual progress is most
clearly presented in his view of
work as integrating both social
and spiritual activity” (p. 200)

‹ Tutup kutipan dengan tanda kutip (“ …”).

‹ Kutipan dapat diikuti oleh halaman dari dokukumen dimana kata-

kata/kalimat asli tersenit didapatkan, seperti: (p. 200)
 Petikan langsung
• Idealnya semua kalimat adalah “kalimat
penulis”
• Petikan langsung biasanya dipakai untuk:
 menunjukkan statement orisinal dari
ahli/peneliti untuk mendukung
ide/pernyataan penulis
Tipe 2
Plagiarisme struktur:
kesalahan parafrase
Parafrase yang benar:
 Pengungkapan kembali suatu kalimat, informasi, konsep
dengan cara merubah kontruksi kalimat atau kata dengan
sitasi (Paraphrasing)

 Pengungkapan kembali tetap menjaga makna asli dari

kalimat, informasi atau konsep pertama dengan
mencantumkan sumbernya
What’s the big deal?
Parafrase TULIS

PAHAMI

http://writeitsideways.com

BACA

http://optimistworld.com

Membaca
http://www.smh.com.au
 BACA, PERIKSA TEKSNYA, Teknik parafrase
TANDAI KATA-KATA/IDE-IDE
PENTING BAGI PEMULA

LAKUKAN PENCATATAN/ CARI FRASE-FRASE

PENDAFTARAN (LISTING) ALTERNATIF YANG
KATA-KATA/IDE-IDE PENTING MEMPUNYAI
DALAM TEKS YANG DIBACA KESETARAAN MAKNA

SUSUN ULANG FRASE-FRASE

SIMPLIFIKASI KALIMAT TERSEBUT SEHINGGA
MEMPUNYAI MAKNA YANG
SAMA DENGAN TEKS ASLINYA
 Teknik parafrase
Memasukkan nama pengarang
• According to Rahu (2000)……………
• Boys (2005) suggest that………………..

Re-state
• This means…………………
• The key of the concept is…………….

Evaluasi & sintesis

• Based on the report of Ricardo (2000), Smile
(2003), Jane (2010), it can be argued
that…………………………….
 Plagiarisme Ide
Tipe 3
 Menuliskan ide orang
lain sebagai idenya sendiri

 Dapat terjadi karena

 kesengajaan
 kedangkalan informasi
terhadap masalah yang
akan diteliti
 Tipe 4
Plagiarisme pengarang (Authorship)
 Menjiplak karya orang lain (meliputi ide, tata tulis, dsb.)

 Mengirimkan makalah pada suatu publikasi ilmiah atau kegiatan

akademik lannya dan mengaku sebagai pembuat makalah
tersebut
Tipe 5 Plagiarisme diri sendiri
• Self plagiarism, academic fraud
• Re-publish; menggunakan mater-materi
yang sudah dipublikasi untuk
dipublikasikan lagi

Naskah sudah Ditulis dan

dipublikasi dalam diterbitkan dalam
Proceeding jurnal ilmiah
Cara Menghindari Plagiarisme
Question:

Do I have
to cite
everything?
 Answer: YES!!
Except –
– When you use your own words
– When the fact used is common knowledge.

What makes it “common knowledge”?

If you can find the same information in at least 3
different sources, you don’t have to cite it.

Ex. George Washington

wore wooden dentures.
 Common knowledge
• Informasi umum, dimana semua orang tahu
• tidak diperlukan sitasi, contoh:
 Presiden Soekarno adalah presiden pertama Indonesia

• Jika bukan informasi umum, dan penulis

menuliskan pernyataan yang merupakan
interpretasi dari data dan/fakta; maka diperlukan
sitasi, contoh:
 Menurut para sejarawan, Presiden Soekarno yang
merupakan presiden pertama Indonesia adalah penggali
pancasila (Widyahartono, 1991)
 How to avoid Plagiarism
• Begin the research process as early
as possible
Take breaks between reading sessions to
absorb the information. Explain each
source's key ideas out loud, without
referencing the original text. Then, write
down each source’s main arguments in
your own words. This process will ensure
you have plenty of time to absorb your
sources' ideas and formulate your own.

https://www.thoughtco.com/plagiarism-definition-1691631
 How to avoid Plagiarism
• Write a thorough outline. After you’ve spent time
researching and brainstorming, write a
detailed outline of your paper. Focus on pinpointing your
own original argument. As you outline, imagine yourself
in conversation with your sources. Instead of restating
your source's ideas, examine those ideas and consider
how they relate to your own.

https://www.thoughtco.com/plagiarism-definition-1691631
 How to avoid Plagiarism
• Paraphrase “blind.” If you plan to
explain an author’s ideas in your paper,
write the explanation without looking
at the original text. If you find this
process tricky, try writing out the ideas
in a conversational tone, as though
you’re explaining the idea to a friend.
Then rewrite the information in an
appropriate tone for your paper.

https://www.thoughtco.com/plagiarism-definition-1691631
 How to avoid Plagiarism
• Keep track of your sources. Make a list of every
source you read, even the ones you don’t expect
to refer to in your paper.

Create a running bibliography using a free bibliography

generator tool. Anytime you quote or paraphrase an
author’s ideas in your draft, include the source
information right next to the relevant sentence. If you’re
writing a long paper, consider using a free citation
organization tool such as Zotero or EndNote. With a little
extra organization, accidental plagiarism is completely
avoidable.

https://www.thoughtco.com/plagiarism-definition-1691631
 How to avoid Plagiarism
• Use an online plagiarism checker.
Although online tools are not foolproof, it’s
a good idea to run your paper through a
plagiarism checker before submitting it. You
may discover that you’ve unintentionally
composed a sentence that closely
resembles something written by one of
your sources or failed to include a citation
for one of your direct quotes.

Free resources such as Quetext compare

your work to millions of documents and
search for close matches. Your professor
probably uses these tools, and you should,
too.

https://www.thoughtco.com/plagiarism-definition-1691631
 Prosess Penuisan dan upaya anti
plagiat
PERENCANAAN
MEMULAI
Membuat Outline dari makalah
Implementasi state-of-the-art
secara deil

Kolega/sejawat
MENULIS

CEK & EDIT

PERBAIKAN &
Organisasi, Komprehensifitas,
PENYEMPURNAAN
Gambar/Tabel, referensi…dsb
Thank you…