Calculus 3

Quiz # 5
October 4, 2012
Solutions

Instructions.
• SHOW ALL YOUR WORK! and write clearly. NO WORK = NO CREDIT
• Try to write in the form of full sentences. I may penalize you for the failure to use full sentences. A sentence
must contain a verb. For example “5” or “x2 + y 2 are NOT sentences. “x2 + y 2 = 5” is a sentence; the symbol
“=” would be read “is equal,” and “is” is a verb.
• Do not use an equal symbol to connect quantities that are not equal, except when setting up equations.

• Use extra paper as necessary.

The Test.

1. (35 points) Find an equation of the tangent plane to the surface of equation z = x sin(x + y) at the point
(−1, 1, 0).
Solution. We have

zx = sin(x + y) + x cos(x + y); zx (−1, 1) = −1;

zy = x cos(x + y); zy (−1, 1) = −1.

Thus, the equation of the plane is z = 0 − (x + 1) − (y − 1) or x + y + z = 0.

2. (35 points) Suppose f is a differentiable function of x and y and g(u, v) = f (eu + sin v, eu + cos v). Use the
following table of values to find gu (0, 0) and gv (0, 0).

f g fx fy
(0, 0) 3 6 4 8
(1, 2) 6 3 2 5

Solution. Here g depends on u, v as follows: First x, y get computed by the formulas x = eu + sin v, y =
eu + cos v, then f gets applied to these expressions for x, y. By the chain rule:
∂g ∂f u ∂ ∂f u ∂
(u, v) = (e + sin v, eu + cos v) (eu + sin v) + (e + sin v, eu + cos v) (eu + cos v)
∂u ∂x ∂u ∂y ∂u
∂f u ∂f u
= (e + sin v, eu + cos v) eu + (e + sin v, eu + cos v) eu ;
∂x ∂y
∂g ∂f u ∂ ∂f u ∂
(u, v) = (e + sin v, eu + cos v) (eu + sin v) + (e + sin v, eu + cos v) (eu + cos v)
∂v ∂x ∂v ∂y ∂v
∂f u ∂f u
= (e + sin v, eu + cos v) cos v − (e + sin v, eu + cos v) sin v;
∂x ∂y

Setting (u, v) = (0, 0), then eu + sin v = 1, y = eu + cos v = 2, and using the table values we get

∂g ∂f ∂f
(u, v) = (1, 2) + (1, 2) = 2 + 5 = 7;
∂u ∂x ∂y
∂g ∂f
(u, v) = (1, 2) = 2.
∂v ∂x
The answers are
gu (0, 0) = 7; gv (0, 0) = 2.

3. (30
√ points) Find the maximum rate of change, and the direction in which it occurs, of f (x, y, z) =
x2 + y 2 + z 2 at (3, 6, −2).
 2

Solution. The maximum rate of change occurs in the direction of the gradient and equals the length of
the gradient. We have
∂f ∂f ∂f x y z
∇f (x, y, z) = ⟨ (x, y, z), (x, y, z). (x, y, z)⟩ = ⟨ √ ,√ ,√ ⟩
∂x ∂y ∂z 2 2
x +y +z 2 2 2
x +y +z 2 x + y2 + z2
2

so that
1
∇f (3, 6, −2) = ⟨3, 6, −2⟩,
7
1
Now |∇f (3, 6, −2)| = 1. So the maximum rate of change is 1 and it occurs in the direction of ⟨3, 6, −2⟩.
7
(But I’ll accept as correct any direction that is a positive multiple of the one I gave; for example ⟨3, 6, −2⟩.)