Presented by PENANJE Philip Junior

 A motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into

mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the
interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in
an electromagnetic coil to generate force in the form of rotation of a
shaft. Motors can be powered by DC sources such as batteries or AC
sources such as generators. Motors can be seen in fans, car engines
and many other electrical appliances.
 There are basically 2 kinds of motors which are DC motors and AC
motors. Under these 2 kinds, motors can be split into 2 categories
based on various aspects such as power source type, internal
construction, its application and type of motion output. The 2
categories are large motors and small motors. Large motors are
motors whose ratings reach 100megawatts. Such motors can be found
in ships (for propulsion), pipeline compression etc. Small motors can
be found in things like electric watches and other household
appliances.
In order for the motors to work, various components have to be put in
place for them to work. These components are rotors, bearings, stators,
air gap, windings and commutators.
 Rotors: the rotor is the moving part of a motor. It turns the shaft to
deliver the mechanical power. It usually has conductors that carry
currents which interacts with the magnetic field of the stator to
generate forces that help turn the shaft.
 Stators: this is a part of the motor’s electromagnetic circuit that
doesn’t move (it is stationary). It consists of either windings or
permanent magnets. The stator core is made up of many thin metal
sheets called laminations which help to reduce energy losses if a
solid core were used.
 Bearings: this part helps as a support to the rotor by allowing the
rotor to turn on its axis. The bearings also are supported by the motor
housing and these bearings serves as a passage for the shaft to
extend to the outside of the motor where the load is applied.
 Air gap: This is the distance between the rotor and the stator. This
distance is made as small as possible due to numerous positive
effects. The air gap is the main source of the power factor at which
motors operate. The gap has a proportional relationship with
magnetizing current in that as the current increases as the gap
increases and for this reason, the gap should be minimal and not very
small because very small gaps may cause mechanical problems
along side with noise.
 Windings: these are wires in the form of coils usually wrapped
around magnetic core in order to form magnetic poles when
energized with current. There are 2 basic magnetic pole
configurations: salient (magnetic field is produced by winding wound
around the pole below the pole face) and non-salient (winding is
distributed in pole face slots) poles.
 Commutator: this is a mechanism used to switch the input of most
DC machines and certain AC machines. It consists of slip-ring
segments insulated from each other and from the shaft.

Motors operate on three different physical principles: magnetism,

electrostatics and piezoelectricity.