APA CITATION

FORMAT
 Outline
 Definition of APA Citation Style
 In – text Citation
 Reference list
 Quotation
 Paraphrasing
 APA Citation Style
APA citation style refers to the rules and
conventions established by the
American Psychological Association for
documenting sources used in a
research paper.
APA style requires both in-text citations
and a reference list. For every in-text
citation there should be a full citation in
the reference list and vice versa.
Sample In text
citation
Works by a single author
Example:
from theory on
Author’s
bounded
Family Namerationality
Year of
(Simon, 1945)... publication
Year of
Example: publication
... Simon (1945) posited
that
Works by multiple authors
Example:
as has been shown
(Leiter & Maslach, 1998)

Example:
as Leiter and Maslach
onstrated
Example:
Kahneman, Knetsch, and
Thaler (1991) found

Example:
Kahneman et al. (1991)
found
Works by associations, corporations, government
agencies, etc.
Example:
(National Institute of
Mental Health [NIMH],
2007)
Example:
(NIMH, 2007)
Works with no author
• on climate change ("Climate
and Weather," 1997)
An article, chapter of a
• Guide to Agricultural
book, or Web page
Meteorological
Practices (1981)Book, periodical,
brochure, or report
• on climate change
(Anonymous, 2008)
Individual Activity
(5 minutes)
Reference List
Things to remember:
• Order
• Authors
• Titles
• Pagination
• Indention
• Italics
• Internet address
• Date
 Articles in journals, magazines, and
newspapersYear of
Author
Journal publication
article, Article
one author, accessed title
online
Ku, G. (2008). Learning to de-
escalate: The effects of regret in
Journal title
escalation of commitment.
Organizational Issue
Behavior
number
and
Volume numberPage numbers
Human Decision
Processes, 105(2), 221-232.
DOI
doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2007.08.002
 Date of
Authorarticle, in print
Magazine Article title
publication
Kluger, J. (2008, January 28). Why
we love. Time, 171(4), 54-60.Page
Volume numbers
Magazine title Issue number
number
Article title
Newspaper article, no author,Date
in print
of
publication
As prices surge, Thailand pitches
Newspaper title
OPEC-style rice cartel. (2008,
May 5). The Wall Street
Journal, p. A9. Page
Books
No Author or editor, in print
Merriam-Webster's collegiate
dictionary (11th ed.). (2003).
Springfield, MA: Merriam- Webster.
Two authors, in print
Frank, R. H., & Bernanke, B.
(2007). Principles of macro-
economics (3rd ed.). Boston, MA:
McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Dissertation, accessed online
Young, R. F. (2007). Crossing boundaries
in urban ecology: Pathways to
sustainable cities(Doctoral
dissertation). Available from ProQuest
Dissertations & Theses database. (UMI
No. 327681)

Encyclopedia set or dictionary

Sadie, S., & Tyrrell, J. (Eds.). (2002). The
new Grove dictionary of music and
musicians(2nd ed., Vols. 1-29). New
York, NY: Grove.
Webpage with no author
ANCI national competency
standards for the registered
nurse and enrolled nurse. (2000).
Retrieved from
http://www.anci.org.au/compet
encystandards.htm
Activity: In-text citation &
reference list
 Title: The beginning teacher
 Publisher: Bobbs – Meril
 Author: Fulcan, Mary J.
 Place: New York
 Date: 1989
Answer:
(Fulcan, 1989) or Fulcan
(1989)

Fulcan, M.J. (1989). The

beginning teacher. New
York, NY: Bobbs - Meril
Activity: In-text citation &
reference list
 Vol. No.: 43
 Magazine: Nation’s Business
 Pages: 22-24
 Article title: Can we control
spending?
 Author: B. Crickmer
 Publication date: April 1993
Answer:
(Crickmer, 1993) or Crickmer
(1993)

Crickmer, B. (1993, April). Can

we control spending?
Nation’s Business, 43, 22 –
24.
 Group Activity
Time allotted: 10 minutes
Task:
 Work by group.
 Write a reference list for the given information
of resources using the APA Citation Format
for writing the reference list.
 Output will be written in a manila paper.
Answers:
1. Lee, H. (1982). To kill a mockingbird.
New York, NY: Warner Books.
2. Reid-Walsh, J. (n.d.). Jane Austen
home page Retrieved March 30,
2001 from University of
Wisconsin.http://www.polyglots.lss
. wisc.edu/lss/jane/janeausten.htm
3. Discovering Spain [DVD]. (1998).
Questar Video Communications.
4. Borman, W.C. (1993). Role of early
development in reading skills.
Journal of Applied Psychology,
78, 443 – 449. Retrieved May 21,
2001, from EBSCOHost database.
5. Adams, B., Boston, C., Cheney, D.,
Dixon, E., Edwards,F., Franks, F.
et. al. (1994). Encyclopaedia of
great civilizations. New York:
Shooting Star Press.
 Activity
FINDING ERRORS
Best, J.W., and Kahn, J.V.
(2006). Research in
Education. Boston:
Allyn and Bacon.
Amazon rainforest
[Videocassette]. 1997. N.p.:
National Geographic, Inc.
Erlich, M. and Grabelsky, J.
(2005, November)
Standing at a
crossroads: the building
trades in the twenty-first
century. Labor History,
46(4), 421 – 445.
QUOTATION,
PARAPHRASE, SUMMARY
SUMMARY PARAPHRASE QUOTE

All your words

All your
phrasing
Can shorten
with ellipsis
Signal phrase

Citation
 SUMMARY PARAPHRASE QUOTE

All your words All of your words All their words

All your phrasing All your phrasing Their phrasing or

incorporate into
yours
Shorter than Similar length Can shorten with
original ellipsis
Signal phrase Signal phrase Signal phrase

Citation Citation Citation

Example
Hip hop is a genre of music
developed in the 1970s in New
York. It is characterized by a
rhythmic style of speaking – rap
– coupled with backing beats
on a turntable, often performed
by DJs
Example
Hip hop music originated
in New York. It often
includes a rap performance
accompanied by DJs
Exercise
ORIGINAL TEXT
“Canadian society, to a certain
extent, exhibits some characteristics of
a cultural pluralistic society. This type
of system shows mutual toleration or
peaceful coexistence of groups with
different cultures” (Anderson &
Frideres, 1981, p.297).
Paraphrase 1
Canadian society somewhat
exhibits some aspects of a
culturally pluralistic society. This
kind of system shows mutual
tolerance or coexistence of groups
with different backgrounds.
Paraphrase 2
Since, for the most part,
cultures within Canada are
accepting of one another and
abide together fairly peacefully,
Canadian society can be said to be
culturally pluralistic (Anderson &
Frideres, 1981, p.297).
TIPS
citationmachine.net
MS word
 For more information:

www.apastyle.org
Publication Manual of the
American Psychological
Association (6th ed)
Sources:
Angela Weaver. (2013, June 17). Quote, paraphrase,
summary [Videofile]. Retrieved from
http://youtu.be/Ral3ldBxQxA
APA: APA home.(2017, December 1). Retrieved from
Libguides.bgsu.edu/APA
HumberLibraries.(2013, June 3). APA in minutes: In-text
citations [Videofile]. Retrieved from
http://youtu.be/qzKlb7E7ERc
Referencing and citation styles: APA 6th.(2018, February 6).
Retrieved from
http://libguides.library.usyd.edu.au/c.php?g=50821&p=3
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