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S E CT ION 051200

S T R UCT UR AL S T E E L F R AMING

PAR T 1 GE NE R AL

1.1 S UMMAR Y

A. Work of this S ection includes but is not limited tothe following:

1. S tructural steel.
2. Prefabricated buildingcolumns.
3. Grout.

B. Coordination: Coordinate the work with that of other T rade Contractors to ensure proper
execution of the work of both trades. E xamine Contract Documents for requirements that
directly affect orare affected by Work of this S ection.

1. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, includingDivision 00 Documents and

Division 01 S pecification S ections, apply tothis S ection. Otherrelated sections include,
but are not limited to:
a. S ection 033000 - CAS T -IN-PLACE CONCR E T E .
b. S ection 042200 - MAS ONR Y.
c. S ection 051250 - AR CHIT E CT UR ALLY E XPOS E D S T R UCT UR AL S T E E L.
d. S ection 053100 - S T E E L DE CKING.
e. S ection 078120 - S PR AY APPLIE D F IR E PR OOF ING.
f. S ection 084400 - CUR T AIN WALL S YS T E MS .
g. S ection 099600 - HIGH-PE R F OR MANCE COAT INGS .
h. S ection 099646 - INT UME S CE NT PAINT ING
i. S ection 142100 - E LE CT R IC T R ACT ION E LE VAT OR S .

1.2 QUALIT Y CONT R OL R E QUIR E ME NT S

A. Pre-Contract S amples:

1. As required by the E ngineerand/orthe PM/CM.

B. Post-Contract S amples:

1. Quality Assurance S ubmittals, includingbut not limited to:

a. Qualification Data: F orqualified Installerand fabricator.
b. Weldingcertificates.
c. Paint Compatibility Certificates: F rom manufacturers of topcoats applied overshop
primers, certifyingthat shop primers are compatible with topcoats.
d. Mill test reports forstructural steel, includingchemical and physical properties.
e. Product T est R eports: F orthe following:
1). Bolts, nuts, and washers including mechanical properties and chemical
analysis.
2). Direct-tension indicators.
3). S hearstud connectors.
4). S hop primers.
5). Nonshrink grout.

C. Mock-Ups:

1. As required by the E ngineerand/orthe PM/CM.

D. Visual Prototypes:

1. As required by the E ngineerand/orthe PM/CM.

E. T est Prototypes:

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1. As required by the E ngineerand/orthe PM/CM.

F. Benchmarks:

1. As required by the E ngineerand/orthe PM/CM.

1.3 S US T AINABILIT Y R E QUIR E ME NT S

A. E mployer has established and Contractor must follow environmental objectives and
implementation strategies created for this Project based on the US GB C LE E D Green
Building R ating S ystem and the VGBC Lotus Green Building S ystem. Although the Office
T ower is the only part of the Project that is seeking LE E D and LOT US certification, the
E mployer requires that the construction of the entire Project be performed with careful
adherence tothe sustainability goals laid out in the followingdocuments:

1. S ection 017419 - CONS T R UCT ION WAS T E MANAGE ME NT AND DIS POS AL.
2. S ection 018113 - S US T AINAB LE DE S IGN R E QUIR E ME NT S .
3. S ection 018117 - S US T AINABILIT Y ACT ION PLAN.
4. S ection 018119 - CONS T R UCT ION INDOOR AIR QUALIT Y MANAGE ME NT .

B. Building R ating: T he Office T ower is seeking rating under both the US GB C LE E D Green
BuildingS ystem and the VGBC LOT US Non-R esidential R atingT ool, as follows:

1. US GBC LE E D R ating: Comply with project requirements intended to achieve the

followingR ating, as measured and documented accordingtothe US GBC LE E D Green
BuildingR atingS ystem, Version indicated:
a. R ating: Gold.
b. Version: LE E D 2009 forCore & S hell.
2. VGBC LOT US R ating: Comply with project requirements intended to achieve the
followingR ating, as measured and documented accordingtothe VGBC LOT US R ating
S ystem, Version indicated:
a. R ating: S ilver.
b. Version: LOT US Non-R esidential Pilot.
3. Division 01 R equirements specific to the ratings, in addition to those indicated in
Paragraph 1.3A. herein, include:
a. S ection 018115 - LE E D R E QUIR E ME NT S S UMMAR Y.
b. S ection 018116 - LOT US R E QUIR E ME NT S S UMMAR Y.
c. S ection 019113 - GE NE R AL COMMIS S IONING R E QUIR E ME NT S .

C. Materials S ustainability R equirements:

1. Provide recycled content materials in accordance with S ustainability Action Plan and
the following:
a. Prioritize forselection of equivalent products with highest recycled content.
b. Minimum R ecycled Content:
1). S teel: 60%
2. Provide regional materials in accordance with S ustainability Action P lan.

1.4 S YS T E M DE S CR IPT ION

A. R equirements, General:

1. F abricate and erect structural steel for building construction, including miscellaneous
subframingunits that may be part of the structural-steel framingsystem in accordance
with AIS C 303 and all local/international regulatory authorities havingjurisdiction.

B. Definitions:

1. T he term “Contract Documents” in this specification is defined as the Drawings and the
S pecifications.
2. T he term “S E R ” in this specification is defined as the S tructural E ngineer of R ecord for
the structure in its final condition.

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3. T he term “E ngineer”in this specification is defined as the E ngineerand S E R .

4. T he term “Contractor” in this specification is defined to include any of the following:
General Contractorand his sub-contractors, fabricators and erectors.
5. T he term “High R estraint Weld” describes welds in which there is almost nofreedom of
movement formembers joined due togeometry ormaterial thickness.
6. T he term “T estingAgency”in this specification is defined as an independent testingand
inspection service or quality assurance observation and testingof steel construction in
accordance with applicable buildingcode provisions and any additional activities listed
in the Contract Documents.
7. T he terms “for record” and “submit for record” in this specification are defined as
Contractorsubmittals that donot require a response from the E ngineer.
8. S tructural S teel: E lements of structural-steel frame, as classified by AIS C 303, "Code of
S tandard Practice forS teel B uildings and B ridges."
9. Heavy S ections: R olled and built-up sections as follows:
a. S hapes included in AS T M A 6/A 6M with flanges thickerthan 38 mm.
b. Welded built-up members with plates thickerthan 50 mm.
c. Column base plates thickerthan 50 mm.

C. Performance R equirements:

1. Connections: Provide details of simple shear connections required by the Contract

Documents to be selected or completed by structural-steel fabricator, including
comprehensive engineering analysis by a qualified professional engineer, to withstand
loads indicated and comply with otherinformation and restrictions indicated.
a. S elect and complete connections usingschematicdetails indicated and AIS C 360.
b. Use LR F D; data are given at factored-load level.
2. Moment Connections: T ype F R , fully restrained.
3. Construction: Combined system of moment frame, braced frame, and shearwalls.

1.5 S UB MIT T ALS

A. S ustainable Building Certification S ubmittal R equirements: T he Contractor or subcontractor

shall submit the following building certification items in accordance with S ection 018115 -
LE E D R E QUIR E ME NT S S UMMAR Y and S ection 018116 - LOT US R E QUIR E ME NT S
S UMMAR Y

1. Material cost breakdowns.

2. Letters of Certification, Product Cut S heets, orotheritems tosupport the information as
requested by the E ngineer.
3. Material S afety Data S heets, for all applicable products. Applicable products include,
but are not limited toadhesives, sealants, carpets, paints and coatings. Material S afety
Data S heets shall indicate the Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) limits of products
submitted (If an MS DS does not include a product’s VOC limits, then product data
sheets, manufacturer literature, or a letter of certification from the manufacturer can be
submitted in addition tothe MS DS toindicate the VOC limits).
4. T he S ubmittal information shall be assembled into one package per specification
section (orpersubcontractor), and sent tothe E ngineerforreview.

B. Product Data: S ubmit manufacturers' specifications, test reports and applicable standards for
all products listed under Part 2: Products. S tandard literature shall be edited to suit job
conditions.

C. S ubmittal S chedule: T he contractor shall submit for approval a typical connection and shop
drawingsubmission schedule at least twenty workingdays prior tocommencingsubmission
of connection and shop drawings.

1. T his schedule shall include a list, in order of date to be submitted, of all drawings and
other required submittal items scheduled to be submitted. T he schedule shall list the
proposed submittals for each week, including but not limited to the number of
calculation sheets, erection drawings, and piece drawings, as well as their formats.
Once shop drawing submissions have commenced any modification or addition to this

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schedule must be submitted for approval at least twenty working days before the
modification oraddition is proposed totake place.
2. If at any time the total number of connection drawings, erection drawings and shop
drawings received in any one week period exceeds the amount in the approved
schedule by more than 10% for that week, the E ngineer have the right toadd twodays
to the average turnaround time for each 20% increment in excess of the scheduled
quantity for that week’s submissions. F or example if the weekly total exceeds the
schedule by 10% to 20% , two days may be added; if it is exceeded by 21% to 40% ,
four days may be added. T he return dates for subsequent submittals may be extended
based on the additional reviewtime stated above.

D. Calculations, S hop Drawings and E rection Drawings (includingF ield Work drawings): S ubmit
required connection drawings, shop drawings and erection drawings for all structural steel
indicated on the Contract Documents.

1. Material shall not be fabricated or delivered before the shop and erection drawings
have been approved or approved as noted by the E ngineer and returned to the
Contractor.
2. Connection Design Calculations: Calculations are required for all details that are not
indicated on the drawings as “Completely Designed.”E ach calculation package shall be
signed and sealed by the Contractor’s S tructural E ngineer. T he Contractor shall carry
out independent checks of all details that are indicated as "completely designed". T he
independent calculations shall be signed and sealed by the Contractor's S tructural
E ngineer.
a. T he Contractor shall be allowed to propose alternative connection designs,
including where indicated as “completely designed” in the Drawings, of all steel
structure components in order to achieve cost savings or simplification of
fabrications/erections. Documents related to the proposed alternative design
(including calculations; shop drawings; erection drawings. and other supporting
documentation) shall be submitted in compliance with the requirements of S ection
012500, S UBS T IT UT ION PR OCE DUR E S to the E ngineer for acceptance prior to
fabrication.
3. S tructural S teel S hop Drawings: S ubmitted shop drawings shall include layouts and
details for each member showing the steel type and grade, size, connections, cuts,
splices, cambers, copes, holes, bolts, welds, surface treatments (cleaning, shop paint,
etc.) and provisions for the connection of other work. S teel type, grade and size for all
attached elements shall alsobe shown.
4. S hop and erection drawings shall contain complete dimensional and geometric
information, and shall clearly distinguish between shop and field welds and bolts,
identify pre-tensioned high strength bolts and identify surface preparation requirements
at slip critical connections.
5. Welds: All welds shall be indicated by standard weldingsymbols in the "S tandard Code
for Arc and Gas Welding in B uilding Construction" or as accepted by the S E R . S hop
and erection drawings shall show the size, length, and type of each weld, includingthe
electrode type tobe used.
6. Bolts: Details forbolt assemblies shall indicate bolt size, length, type and the presence,
type and location of washers where required as part of the assembly; distinguish
between N and X bolts, distinguish between slip-critical and bearing bolts; and
distinguish between shop and field bolts. Also, indicate bolt orientation where required
by the Contract Documents.
7. E rection Drawings: T he erection drawings shall include plans showing exact locations
of base and bearing plates, and/or anchor rods and other embedded items. All field
connections not specifically shown on shop drawings shall be shown on erection
drawings, including field bolt size, type, number, location and any special installation
requirements, and field weld size, type, length and location.

E. Preconstruction S urvey: S ubmit forrecord. Where interface with existingconstruction occurs,

before related shop drawings are prepared survey the existing construction and submit the
survey prepared by a professional surveyoremployed by the Contractortothe E ngineer. F or
all steel construction, before steel erection commences, perform and submit tothe E ngineer
a complete survey forposition and alignment at all points where construction by othertrades

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will support steel elements, including but not limited to pockets, embedded plates, anchor
rods and base plates. Include plan location positions relative to the building gridlines, and
elevations of bearingsurfaces and tops of bolts relative tobuildingDatum elevation.

1. E rection Procedure: S ubmit a steel erection procedure, prepared underthe supervision

of the Contractor, for review by the S E R . T he review by S E R shall only be for the
effects of the steel erection procedures on the final structure. T his erection procedure
shall, as a minimum, meet requirements outlined on the Contract Documents and shall
bear the seal and signature of the Contractor’s S tructural E ngineer. No deviation from
the approved procedure will be permitted without prior written approval by the
Contractorand review by the S E R .

F. Quality Control Program: S ubmit for record complete details of the Contractor's quality
control program that complies with local and international regulations includingthe names of
the personnel responsible forthis work.

G. Quality Assurance S ubmittals, includingbut not limited to:

1. Qualification Data: F orqualified Installerand fabricator.

2. Weldingcertificates.
3. Paint Compatibility Certificates: F rom manufacturers of topcoats applied over shop
primers, certifyingthat shop primers are compatible with topcoats.
4. Mill test reports forstructural steel, includingchemical and physical properties.
5. Product T est R eports: F orthe following:
a. Bolts, nuts, and washers includingmechanical properties and chemical analysis.
b. Direct-tension indicators.
c. S hearstud connectors.
d. S hop primers.
e. Nonshrink grout.

H. S amples: S ubmit foracceptance priortopurchase, fabrication, ordelivery:

1. (2) samples each, (2) of shop painted products and (2) of field touch-up painted
products.
2. Architecturally exposed welds; 300mm long, each type.
3. S ubstitute Products, Materials, and F ixtures, where proposed by Contractor, shall be
accompanied by sample(s) of size acceptable tothe E ngineer.
4. Other Products, Materials, and F ixtures, where requested in writingby the E ngineer or
E mployer.

I. Mill R eports: S ubmit forrecord certified copies of all mill reports, two(2) tothe E ngineer and
one (1) tothe T estingAgency, coveringthe chemical and physical properties of all structural
steel and accessories (as defined in this specification) forthe project. Where required on the
Contract Documents or by the AIS C Code, reports shall include results of Charpy V-notch
tests.

1. S uch certificates shall be obtained from the mills producingthe steel and shall certify in
a cover letter submitted with the certificates, that the steel meets the minimum
requirements as tophysical properties, inspection, markingand tests forstructural steel
as defined by the current edition of the relevant standard specifications. Any steel that
does not meet the requirements must be clearly identified in a cover letter submitted
with the certificates.
2. Provide documentation relative to the recycled content of all structural steel products
delivered tothe site.

J. As-B uilt S urveys: E xecute and submit for record a comprehensive survey of steel structure
adequate to assess if the structure has been built within the tolerances specified in the
Contract Documents. E ach certified survey, performed by a professional surveyor employed
by the Contractor, shall be submitted to the Contractor for their approval before proceeding
tothe next stage of erection. If deviations from the tolerances are discovered, the Contractor
shall present corrective measures tothe E ngineerwithin 48 hours of completion of that stage

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of erection. Upon completion of steel erection, submit the complete package of steel surveys
forrecord tothe E ngineerand the E mployer.

1.6 QUALIT Y AS S UR ANCE

A. LE E D/LOT US R equirements: E mployer requires the Contractor to implement practices and

procedures to meet the project’s environmental goals, which include achieving Green
Building ratings as specified in S ection 018115 and S ection 018116. T he Contractor shall
ensure that the requirements related tothese goals are implemented tothe fullest extent.

B. S tructural S teel ContractorQualifications:

1. T he term S tructural S teel Contractor refers to any or all of the following parties,
regardless of theircontractual relationships: S tructural S teel F abricator, S tructural S teel
Detailer, S tructural S teel E rectorand Contractor.
2. Qualification Data: S ubmit qualification data (personnel and firm resumes, and project
lists with references) for the S tructural S teel F abricator (“F abricator”), S tructural S teel
Detailer(“Detailer”), Contractor(s) and S tructural S teel E rector(“E rector”).
3. T he F abricator shall have 10 years of comparable work experience in installations of
this type and shall employ labor and supervisory personnel familiar with the type of
installation, experienced in fabrication and erection of structural steel for projects of
similar size and complexity. At the time of bid the F abricator shall be AIS C certified to
the S tandard for S teel Building S tructures (S T D) and must submit proof of these
qualifications. T he F abricator’s qualifications shall be subject toreview by the E ngineer
and E mployer.
4. T he F abricatorshall have particularexperience in fabrication of large, welded orbolted,
longspan trusses.
5. T he F abricator shall be AIS C certified with the S ophisticated Paint E ndorsement, and
must submit proof of this endorsement.
6. T he Detailer shall have 10 years experience preparing detailed steel shop drawings
and CNC downloads for structures of this type and complexity. T he detailer’s
qualifications shall be subject to review by the E ngineer and E mployer. All detailing
shall be performed with 3D modelingsoftware, such as T E KLA S T R UCT UR E S , S DS -II
or equivalent. Model shall be maintained tobe current throughout the construction and
in a form useable by the E ngineer.
7. T he Contractor(s) shall be qualified toperform the type of work required by the project.
T he E ngineer(s) shall be a R egistered S tructural E ngineer. T he Contractor(s) shall
have 10 years of work experience being in responsible charge of work of this nature.
T he proposed E ngineer(s) shall be subject toapproval of E ngineerand E mployer.
8. T he E rector shall have 10 years of successful work experience erectingstructural steel
forstructures of this type and complexity.

C. WeldingProcedures: S ubmit for record written weldingprocedures for all prequalified joints,
and qualification procedures forall joints not prequalified. S ubmit written weldingprocedures
developed by Contractor’s welding consultant for heavy shapes and High R estraint Welds
described in this specification. S ubmit all welding and qualification procedures to the
E mployer's T estingAgency forapproval before submittingtothe E ngineer.

D. Welding Qualifications: Qualify procedures and personnel according to AWS D1.1/D1.1M,

"S tructural WeldingCode - S teel."

1. E ach certification shall state that the welder has been doingsatisfactory weldingof the
required type within the six-month period priortothe subject work.
2. F or any welder whose period of certification effectiveness has lapsed or whose
workmanship is subject toquestion in the opinion of the E ngineer, E mployer, orT esting
Agency, immediate testing for recertification will be required. T ests, when required,
shall be conducted at the sole expense of the Contractor.

E. T he most stringent provisions of the following codes, standards, and specifications, latest
edition and revision, shall apply tothe works:

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1. AIS C (American Institute of S teel Construction):

a. AIS C 303.
b. AIS C 360.
c. AIS C S teel Construction Manual.
d. AIS C DetailingforS teel Construction.
2. R CS C's "S pecification forS tructural Joints UsingAS T M A 325 orA 490 Bolts."
3. S S PC (S teel S tructures PaintingCouncil) S teel S tructures PaintingManual, Volumes 1
and 2.
4. Guide forVisual Inspection of Welds, ANS I/AWS B1.11.

F. S tructural S teel Pre-E rection Conference:

1. At least forty-five (45) working days prior to the commencing of steel erection the
Contractor shall hold a meeting to review the detailed requirements of the steel
erection.
2. T he Contractor shall prepare an agenda and require responsible representatives of
every party whois concerned with the steel erection toattend the conference, including
but not limited tothe following:
a. Contractor.
b. S teel E rector/S teel F abricator.
c. E rector’s S urveyor.
d. All T estingand Inspection Agencies.
e. E ngineer.
f. CladdingContractor.
g. All safety site managers/supervisors.
h. Vertical T ransportation Contractor.
i. E mployer.
3. Minutes of the meetingshall be recorded, typed and distributed by the Contractor toall
parties listed above within 5 workingdays of the meeting.
4. T he minutes shall include a detailed outline of the erection procedure including a
schedule of milestone dates for surveys and sign-offs on erection stages which
represents an agreement reached by all parties involved. It shall also include the
surveyingprogram and submission schedule forapproval.
5. Notwithstandingany provision of the S pecification, the S E R shall not be responsible for
and not have charge overany safety programs orprecautions at the site of the Project.

G. Quality Assurance B y Independent T estingAgency:

1. Quality assurance is testing and inspection to assist the E mployer in evaluating the
Contractor's performance in the fabrication shop and field. It is not a substitute for the
testing and inspection which is required as part of the Contractor's quality control
program (see the followingsection on quality control).

H. Coordination with Independent T estingAgency: T he Contractorshall have sole responsibility

for coordinating their work with the T esting Agency to assure that all test and inspection
procedures required by the Contract Documents and Public Agencies are provided. T he
Contractor shall cooperate fully with the T esting Agencies in the performance of their work
and shall provide the following:

1. Information as totime and place of startingshop fabrication and a field construction and
erection schedule, twoweeks priortothe beginningof the work.
2. S ite F ile: At least one copy of each approved shop drawing shall be kept available in
the contractor’s field office and the drawings not bearing evidence of approval and
release for construction by the E ngineer shall not be kept on the job. Provide drawings
forthe work tobe performed in the shop orfield one week priortothe start of work.
3. R epresentative sample pieces requested by the inspection agency for testing, if
necessary.
4. F ull and ample means of assistance fortestingand inspection of material.
5. Properfacilities, includingscaffolding, temporary work platforms, safety equipment etc.,
forinspection of the work in shop and field.

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I. Duties of the Independent T estingAgencies:

1. R eports: T he T esting Agency shall prepare daily reports of the structural steel work
including progress and description/area of work, tests made and results. R eports of
inspection of weldingshall include deficiencies noted and corrections made, and other
items pertinent to acceptance or rejection of the work. T he reports shall state whether
specimens comply with or deviate from contract requirements. T he daily reports shall
be collected and delivered tothe E ngineerand E mployerweekly.
a. R ejection: T he T esting Agency has the right to reject any material, at any time,
when it is determined that the material or workmanship does not conform to the
Contract Documents. T he T esting Agency shall report deficiencies to E mployer,
E ngineer, and Contractorimmediately.
2. R esponsibilities and Duties of T esting Agency: T he T esting Agency shall perform the
following shop and field inspections in addition to any other inspections enumerated
above orspecified on the Contract Documents:
a. S hop inspection of steel shall include alignment and straightness of members,
camber, preparation for connections, dimensional checks, testing of shop bolts,
witnessing of welding procedures, testing of cuts, weld access holes and copes
of heavy shapes as defined in this specification, examination and testing of
completed welds, headed studs and deformed bar anchors, cutting of heavy
shapes, finishing of column ends, cleaning, painting and storage of material. All
shop fabrication shall be inspected in the shop.
b. F ield inspection of steel shall include connections, proper tensioning of bolts,
levelness, plumbness and alignment of the frame, conformance to AWS welding
methods, examination of surface before welding, examination and testing of
completed welds, headed studs and deformed bar anchors and field painting,
includingtouch-up.
c. Check qualifications of the following:
1). S hop weldingprocedures and personnel.
2). S hop stud weldingsetup and operators.
3). S hop boltingprocedure and crew.
4). Where testing is required for less than 100% of locations, select test
locations at random and throughout the project.
5). R eview mill certifications forcompliance with the Contract Documents.
d. High tensile bolting: Continuous inspection of high-tensile boltingwill be performed
by T esting Agency. Where the tension in any bolt is deemed to fall below the
propervalue, all bolts in that connection shall be examined.
1). S urface preparation and bolt type conforms toplans and specifications prior
tostart of boltingoperations.
2). Properbolt storage and handlingprocedures are beingfollowed.
3). All bolted connections shall be visually inspected
4). S lip-critical connections shall be tested with a calibrated torque wrench to
verify a minimum of 25 percent of bolts in each connection (two bolts per
connection, minimum) in accordance with R CS C “S pecification forstructural
joints usingAS T M A325 orA490 bolts”.
5). R etest bolted connections that fail initial inspection after correction by the
F abricatororE rector.
e. Welding:
1). R eview of submittals: Welding procedures including prequalification,
qualifications test and, for heavy shapes and high restraint welds, the
weldingprocedure prepared by the ContractororWeldingConsultant.
2). All welds shall be AWS /AIS C prequalified unless as noted in the
specifications.
3). All welds shall be visually inspected per AWS D1.1. Weld measurements
shall be performed for15 percent of all welds on a random basis.
4). Magneticparticle testingin accordance with AS T M E 709 shall be performed
fora minimum of:
a). 10 percent of all shear plate and truss connection fillet welds, chosen
at random, final pass only.
b). 20 percent of all continuity plate and bracing gusset plate welds,

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chosen at random, final pass only.

c). 100 percent of tension member connection fillet welds (i.e., hanger
connection plates, etc.) forroot and final passes.
d). 100 percent of built-up member partial penetration welds for root and
final passes.
e). 100 percent of built-up member fillet welds in zones of moment
connections forroot and final passes.
f). 20 percent of otherbuilt-up memberfillet welds, chosen at random, for
final pass only.
g). 10 percent of other miscellaneous fillet welds, chosen at random, for
final pass only.
5). Ultrasonic testing, in accordance with AWS D1.1, shall be performed for a
minimum of:
a). 100 percent of all full penetration welds.
b). 20 percent of all column splice welds, chosen at random.
6). Approximately 25% of butt welds accomplished in the shop will be retested
in the field. R etesting will not take place until the welds are not less than 4
days old. S imilarly, approximately 25% of material stressed transverse to
the grain will be retested forlaminartearing.
f. Headed S tuds and Deformed B ar Anchors: Visually inspect all headed studs and
deformed baranchors forcomplete fusion and full 360-degree weld flash (orfillet).
1). Check all studs with incomplete fusion, and at random five studs at each of
six beams per floor, by bending to an angle of 15 degrees from its original
axis (away from any missingflash). If more than twenty percent of studs fail
on one member, check all studs on member. In addition for each member
with any defective studs, test an additional member.
2). Contractor to replace any studs that crack or break. Contractor to only
straighten studs that would foul otherwork orhave less than 25 mm coverin
bent position.
g. Cleaningand Painting:
1). Prior to shop painting, examine all fabricated pieces to verify proper
cleaningin accordance with this specification.
2). E xamine all shop paintingtoverify conformance with this specification.
3). E xamine loading and unloading of steel to verify damage does not occur
duringshippingand handling.
h. R emedial Work: T he T esting Agency shall indicate to the Contractor where
remedial work must be performed and will maintain a current list of work not in
compliance with the Contract Documents. T his list shall be submitted to the
E ngineerand E mployeron a weekly basis.
i. Certification: When all work has been approved by the T esting Agency, the
T esting Agency shall certify in a letter to the E ngineer and E mployer that the
installation is in accordance with the design and specification requirements
(includingapplicable codes).

J. Quality Control By Contractor:

1. T he Contractor shall provide a program of quality control to ensure that the minimum
standards specified herein are attained.
2. T he Contractor shall bring to the attention of the E ngineer any defects in the work
which are departures from the Contract Documents which may occur during
construction. T he Contractor shall propose corrective actions and their
recommendations in writingand submit them forreview by the E ngineer.
3. T he E mployer's general review during construction and activities of the
IndependentT estingAgency are undertaken toinform the E mployer of performance by
the Contractor but shall in no way replace or augment the Contractor's quality control
program orrelieve the Contractorof total responsibility forquality control.

K. Observations And Corrections By S E R :

1. R eview: T he S E R will observe the construction for general compliance with the
provisions of the Contract Documents duringvarious phases of construction.

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1.7 DE LIVE R Y, S T OR AGE AND HANDLING

A. Delivery: Unload all structural steel promptly upon arrival and store in an area designated
and approved by the E mployer at the site of the work. T he Contractor shall be responsible
forany charges from failure tounload material promptly.

B. S tore materials topermit easy access for inspection and identification. Keep steel members
off ground and spaced by using pallets, dunnage, or other supports and spacers. Protect
steel members and packaged materials from corrosion and deterioration.

1. Donot store materials on structure in a mannerthat might cause distortion, damage, or

overload tomembers or supportingstructures. R epair or replace damaged materials or
structures as directed.
2. S tore structural steel todrain properly. Provide weep holes and clean out as required to
keep steel free from water. Provide adequate protection and shoring to prevent
distortion and other damage. S tore structural steel on timber; do not lay on mud,
directly on ground or cinders, or otherwise handle in a manner that damages finishes.
S tored sections shall be readily accessible forinspection.

C. S tore fasteners in a protected place in sealed containers with manufacturer's labels intact.

1. F asteners may be repackaged provided Owner's testing and inspecting agency

observes repackagingand seals containers.
2. Clean and relubricate bolts and nuts that become dry orrusty before use.
3. Comply with manufacturers' written recommendations for cleaning and lubricating
AS T M F 1852 fasteners and forretestingfasteners afterlubrication.

D. Welding materials to be in moisture resistant, undamaged package. Maintain packages

effectively sealed until electrode is required foruse.

1.8 COOR DINAT ION

A. Coordinate selection of shop primers with topcoats to be applied over them. Comply with
paint and coating manufacturers' recommendations to ensure that shop primers and
topcoats are compatible with one another.

B. Coordinate installation of anchorage items to be embedded in or attached to other

construction without delaying the Work. Provide setting diagrams, sheet metal templates,
instructions, and directions forinstallation.

PAR T 2 PR ODUCT S

2.1 MAT E R IALS AND AS S E MB LIE S

A. Design Of Connections:

1. T he Contractoris responsible todesign all connections not completely designed on the

Contract Documents. A completely designed connection is only one that is specifically
designated as such by the statement “COMPLE T E LY DE S IGNE D” on the Contract
Documents. All connections not indicated as “COMPLE T E LY DE S IGNE D” shall be
designed for the forces and/or connection design criteria called for in the Contract
Documents.
2. Connection concepts shown on the drawings that are not “COMPLE T E LY DE S IGNE D”
show only the minimum requirements toconvey design intent.
3. T he Contractorshall design and provide any stiffener plates, doubler plates, reinforcing
plates, etc. and their connections that may be required to develop and/or transfer the
forces and/orconnection design criteria called forin the Contract Documents.
4. Design connections towithstand the combined effects of shears, axial forces, moments
and torques and as required by applicable code(s) and the Contract Documents.
5. All forces shown on the drawings are tobe assumed reversible unless noted otherwise
and must be checked for both directions. If notransfer/pass-through forces are shown
on the Contract Documents, the most critical combinations of member forces and

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directions shall be assumed forthe connection design.

6. Use types of shop and field connections shown on Contract Documents or, in absence
of such indication, propose appropriate type forE ngineerreview.
7. Welding of High R estraint Welds: Use double bevels in lieu of single bevels where
practical. Detail joints to allow for weld shrinkage. In cases of plates in more than one
plane, show welding operation sequence on the drawings. In general, start welding at
the most restrained part of the weldment and proceed tothe least restrained.
8. Comply with all connection notes on drawings in conjunction with these specifications.

B. R efertothe S tructural General Notes foradditional requirements.

2.2 S T R UCT UR AL-S T E E L MAT E R IALS

A. W-S hapes: AS T M A 992/A 992M (F y = 345 MPa); AS T M A913/913M (F y=450 MPA).

B. Channels, Angles-S hapes: AS T M A 36/A 36M.

C. Plate and Bar: AS T M A 572/A 572M, Grade 345.

D. Cold-F ormed HollowS tructural S ections: AS T M A 500, Grade B, structural tubing.

E. Cold-F ormed Hollow S tructural S ections, Corrosion-R esistant: AS T M A 847/A 847M,

structural tubing.

F. S teel Pipe: AS T M A 53/A 53M, T ype S , Grade B.

G. WeldingE lectrodes: Comply with AWS requirements.

2.3 BOLT S , CONNE CT OR S , AND ANCHOR S

A. High-S trength Bolts, Nuts, and Washers: AS T M A 325 (AS T M A 325M), T ype 1, heavy-hex
steel structural bolts; AS T M A 563, Grade C, (AS T M A 563M, Class 8S ) heavy-hex carbon-
steel nuts; and AS T M F 436 (AS T M F 436M), T ype 1, hardened carbon-steel washers; all
with plain finish.

1. Direct-T ension Indicators: AS T M F 959, T ype 325 (AS T M F 959M, T ype 8.8),
compressible-washertype with plain finish.

B. High-S trength Bolts, Nuts, and Washers: AS T M A 490 (AS T M A 490M), T ype 1, heavy-hex
steel structural bolts; AS T M A 563, Grade DH, (AS T M A 563M, Class 10S ) heavy-hex
carbon-steel nuts; and AS T M F 436 (AS T M F 436M), T ype 1, hardened carbon-steel
washers with plain finish.

1. Direct-T ension Indicators: AS T M F 959, T ype 490 (AS T M F 959M, T ype 10.9),
compressible-washertype with plain finish.

C. Z inc-Coated High-S trength Bolts, Nuts, and Washers: AS T M A 325 (AS T M A 325M), T ype 1,
heavy-hex steel structural bolts; AS T M A 563, Grade DH (AS T M A 563M, Class 10S ) heavy-
hex carbon-steel nuts; and AS T M F 436 (AS T M F 436M), T ype 1, hardened carbon-steel
washers.

1. F inish: Hot-dip zinccoating.

2. Direct-T ension Indicators: AS T M F 959, T ype 325 (AS T M F 959M, T ype 8.8),
compressible-washertype with mechanically deposited zinccoatingfinish.

D. S hear Connectors: AS T M A 108, Grades 1015 through 1020, headed-stud type, cold-
finished carbon steel; AWS D1.1/D1.1M, T ype B.

E. Headed AnchorR ods: AS T M F 1554, Grade 36, straight.

1. Nuts: AS T M A 563 (AS T M A 563M) hex carbon steel.

2. Plate Washers: AS T M A 36/A 36M carbon steel.
3. Washers: AS T M F 436 (AS T M F 436M), T ype 1, hardened carbon steel.

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4. F inish: Plain orHot-dip zinccoating, AS T M A 153/A 153M, Class C.

F. T hreaded R ods: AS T M A 36/A 36M.

1. Nuts: AS T M A 563 (AS T M A 563M) hex carbon steel.

2. Washers: AS T M F 436 (AS T M F 436M), T ype 1, hardened carbon steel.
3. F inish: Plain.

2.4 PR IME R

A. Primer: F abricator's standard lead- and chromate-free, nonasphaltic, rust-inhibiting primer

compatible with topcoat.

B. GalvanizingR epairPaint: AS T M A 780.

2.5 GR OUT

A. Nonmetallic, S hrinkage-R esistant Grout: AS T M C 1107, factory-packaged, nonmetallic

aggregate grout, noncorrosive and nonstaining, mixed with water toconsistency suitable for
application and a 30-minute workingtime.

2.6 F AB R ICAT ION

A. S tructural S teel: F abricate and assemble in shop to greatest extent possible. F abricate
according to AIS C's "Code of S tandard Practice for S teel Buildings and B ridges" and AIS C
360.

1. Camberstructural-steel members where indicated.

2. F abricate beams with rollingcamberup.
3. Identify high-strength structural steel according to AS T M A 6/A 6M and maintain
markings until structural steel has been erected.
4. Mark and match-mark materials forfield assembly.
5. Complete structural-steel assemblies, including welding of units, before starting shop-
primingoperations.

B. T hermal Cutting: Perform thermal cuttingby machine togreatest extent possible.

1. Plane thermally cut edges to be welded to comply with requirements in AWS

D1.1/D1.1M.

C. Bolt Holes: Cut, drill, orpunch standard bolt holes perpendiculartometal surfaces.

D. F inishing: Accurately finish ends of columns and othermembers transmittingbearingloads.

E. Cleaning: Clean and prepare steel surfaces that are toremain unpainted accordingtoS S PC-
S P 2, "Hand T ool Cleaning."

F. S hear Connectors: Prepare steel surfaces as recommended by manufacturer of shear

connectors. Use automaticend weldingof headed-stud shear connectors accordingtoAWS
D1.1/D1.1M and manufacturer's written instructions.

G. Holes: Provide holes required forsecuringotherwork tostructural steel and forotherwork to

pass through steel framingmembers.

1. Cut, drill, orpunch holes perpendiculartosteel surfaces. Donot thermally cut bolt holes
orenlarge holes by burning.
2. Baseplate Holes: Cut, drill, mechanically thermal cut, or punch holes perpendicular to
steel surfaces.
3. Weld threaded nuts to framing and other specialty items indicated to receive other
work.

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2.7 S HOP CONNE CT IONS

A. High-S trength B olts: S hop install high-strength bolts according to R CS C's "S pecification for
S tructural Joints Using AS T M A 325 or A 490 Bolts" for type of bolt and type of joint
specified.

B. Weld Connections: Comply with AWS D1.1/D1.1M and AWS D1.8/D1.8M for tolerances,
appearances, weldingprocedure specifications, weld quality, and methods used in correcting
weldingwork.

1. Assemble and weld built-up sections by methods that will maintain true alignment of
axes without exceedingtolerances in AIS C 303 formill material.

2.8 S HOP PR IMING

A. S hop prime steel surfaces except the following:

1. S urfaces embedded in concrete. E xtend priming of partially embedded members to a

depth of 50 mm.
2. S urfaces tobe field welded.
3. S urfaces tobe high-strength bolted with slip-critical connections.
4. S urfaces toreceive sprayed fire-resistive materials (applied fireproofing).
5. Galvanized surfaces.

B. S urface Preparation: Clean surfaces to be painted. R emove loose rust and mill scale and
spatter, slag, orflux deposits. Prepare surfaces accordingtothe followingspecifications and
standards:

1. S S PC-S P 6/NACE No. 3, "Commercial Blast Cleaning."

C. Priming: Immediately after surface preparation, apply primer according to manufacturer's

written instructions and at rate recommended by S S PC to provide a minimum dry film
thickness of 0.038 mm. Use priming methods that result in full coverage of joints, corners,
edges, and exposed surfaces.

1. S tripe paint corners, crevices, bolts, welds, and sharp edges.

2. Apply two coats of shop paint to surfaces that are inaccessible after assembly or
erection. Change colorof second coat todistinguish it from first.

D. S teel E xposed In T he F inished Work:

1. Comply with preparation and primingrequirements specified in S ection 099600 - HIGH

PE R F OR MANCE COAT INGS .

2.9 GALVANIZ ING

A. Hot-Dip Galvanized F inish: Apply zinc coating by the hot-dip process to structural steel
accordingtoAS T M A 123/A 123M.

1. F ill vent and drain holes that will be exposed in the finished Work unless they will
function as weep holes, by pluggingwith zincsolderand filingoff smooth.

2.10 S OUR CE QUALIT Y CONT R OL

A. T estingAgency: Provide testingagency with access toplaces where structural-steel work is

beingfabricated orproduced toperform tests and inspections.

B. Correct deficiencies in Work that test reports and inspections indicate does not comply with
the Contract Documents.

C. Bolted Connections: S hop-bolted connections will be tested and inspected according to

R CS C's "S pecification forS tructural Joints UsingAS T M A 325 orA 490 Bolts."

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D. Welded Connections: In addition tovisual inspection, shop-welded connections will be tested

and inspected according to AWS D1.1/D1.1M and the following inspection procedures, at
testingagency's option:

1. Magnetic Particle Inspection: AS T M E 709; performed on root pass and on finished

weld. Cracks orzones of incomplete fusion orpenetration will not be accepted.
2. UltrasonicInspection: AS T M E 164.

E. In addition to visual inspection, shop-welded shear connectors will be tested and inspected
accordingtorequirements in AWS D1.1/D1.1M forstud weldingand as follows:

1. Bend tests will be performed if visual inspections reveal either a less-than-continuous

360-degree flash orweldingrepairs toany shearconnector.
2. T ests will be conducted on additional shearconnectors if weld fracture occurs on shear
connectors already tested, accordingtorequirements in AWS D1.1/D1.1M.

PAR T 3 E XE CUT ION

3.1 E XAMINAT ION

A. Verify, with steel E rector present, elevations of concrete- and masonry-bearingsurfaces and
locations of anchor rods, bearing plates, and other embedments for compliance with
requirements.

1. Prepare a certified survey of bearing surfaces, anchor rods, bearing plates, and other
embedments showingdimensions, locations, angles, and elevations.

B. Proceed with installation only afterunsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.

3.2 PR E PAR AT ION

A. Work by Others: E xamine all work prepared by others to receive work of this S ection and
report any defects affecting installation to E ngineer. Commencement of work will be
construed as complete acceptance of preparatory work by others. T he Contractoralone shall
be responsible forcheckingthe dimensions and coordination of the structural steel work with
othertrades.

B. Anchor R ods: At least 30 working days prior to the start of the structural steel erection, the
Contractor shall ascertain by accurate survey the existinglocation, alignment, and elevation
of the anchor rods embedded in the concrete by others. T he Contractor shall immediately
bring to the attention of the E ngineer any discrepancies observed between the Contract
Documents and the as-built conditions. S teel erection shall not start until corrective
measures, if required, have been performed.

C. Provide temporary shores, guys, braces, and other supports during erection to keep
structural steel secure, plumb, and in alignment against temporary construction loads and
loads equal in intensity to design loads. R emove temporary supports when permanent
structural steel, connections, and bracingare in place unless otherwise indicated.

1. Donot remove temporary shoringsupportingcomposite deck construction until cast-in-

place concrete has attained its design compressive strength.
2. T emporary shores at perimeter edge tobe tied back minimum 3 me horizontally inside
structure.
3. In the event the concrete achieves compressive strength and the shores cannot be
removed due to construction loads, the shoring sequence for construction will
supersede the concrete compressive strength results.

3.3 E R E CT ION

A. S et structural steel accurately in locations and toelevations indicated and accordingtoAIS C

303 and AIS C 360.

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B. Base Bearing and Leveling Plates: Clean concrete-bearing surfaces of bond-reducing

materials, and roughen surfaces priortosettingplates. Clean bottom surface of plates.

1. S et plates forstructural members on wedges, shims, orsettingnuts as required.

2. Weld plate washers totop of baseplate.
3. S nug-tighten anchor rods after supported members have been positioned and
plumbed. Do not remove wedges or shims but, if protruding, cut off flush with edge of
plate before packingwith grout.
4. Promptly pack grout solidly between bearing surfaces and plates so no voids remain.
Neatly finish exposed surfaces; protect grout and allow to cure. Comply with
manufacturer's written installation instructions forshrinkage-resistant grouts.

C. Maintain erection tolerances of structural steel within AIS C's "Code of S tandard Practice for
S teel Buildings and Bridges."

D. Align and adjust various members that form part of complete frame or structure before
permanently fastening. Before assembly, clean bearingsurfaces and other surfaces that will
be in permanent contact with members. Perform necessary adjustments to compensate for
discrepancies in elevations and alignment.

1. Level and plumb individual members of structure.

2. Make allowances for difference between temperature at time of erection and mean
temperature when structure is completed and in service.

E. S plice members only where indicated, or propose appropriate splice locations for E ngineer's
review.

F. Donot use thermal cuttingduringerection unless approved by E ngineer. F inish thermally cut
sections within smoothness limits in AWS D1.1/D1.1M.

G. Donot enlarge unfair holes in members by burningorusingdrift pins. R eam holes that must
be enlarged toadmit bolts.

H. S hear Connectors: Prepare steel surfaces as recommended by manufacturer of shear

connectors. Use automaticend weldingof headed-stud shear connectors accordingtoAWS
D1.1/D1.1M and manufacturer's written instructions.

3.4 F IE LD CONNE CT IONS

A. High-S trength Bolts: Install high-strength bolts according to R CS C's "S pecification for
S tructural Joints Using AS T M A 325 or A 490 Bolts" for type of bolt and type of joint
specified.

B. Weld Connections: Comply with AWS D1.1/D1.1M and AWS D1.8/D1.8M for tolerances,
appearances, weldingprocedure specifications, weld quality, and methods used in correcting
weldingwork.

1. Comply with AIS C 303 and AIS C 360 for bearing, alignment, adequacy of temporary
connections, and removal of paint on surfaces adjacent tofield welds.
2. R emove backing bars or runoff tabs where indicated, back gouge, and grind steel
smooth.
3. Assemble and weld built-up sections by methods that will maintain true alignment of
axes without exceeding tolerances in AIS C's "Code of S tandard Practice for S teel
Buildings and Bridges" formill material.

3.5 F IE LD QUALIT Y CONT R OL

A. T esting Agency: Contractor will engage a qualified independent testing and inspecting
agency toinspect field welds and high-strength bolted connections.

B. Bolted Connections: Bolted connections will be tested and inspected according to R CS C's
"S pecification forS tructural Joints UsingAS T M A 325 orA 490 Bolts."

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C. Welded Connections: F ield welds will be visually inspected accordingtoAWS D1.1/D1.1M.

1. In addition to visual inspection, field welds will be tested and inspected according to
AWS D1.1/D1.1M and the followinginspection procedures, at testingagency's option:
a. Magnetic Particle Inspection: AS T M E 709; performed on root pass and on
finished weld. Cracks or zones of incomplete fusion or penetration will not be
accepted.
b. UltrasonicInspection: AS T M E 164.

D. In addition to visual inspection, test and inspect field-welded shear connectors according to
requirements in AWS D1.1/D1.1M forstud weldingand as follows:

1. Perform bend tests if visual inspections reveal either a less-than-continuous 360-

degree flash orweldingrepairs toany shearconnector.
2. Conduct tests on additional shear connectors if weld fracture occurs on shear
connectors already tested, accordingtorequirements in AWS D1.1/D1.1M.

E. Correct deficiencies in Work that test reports and inspections indicate does not comply with
the Contract Documents.

3.6 R E PAIR S AND PR OT E CT ION

A. Galvanized S urfaces: Clean areas where galvanizing is damaged or missing and repair
galvanizingtocomply with AS T M A 780.

B. T ouchup Painting: Immediately after erection, clean exposed areas where primer is
damaged or missing and paint with the same material as used for shop painting to comply
with S S PC-PA 1 fortouchingup shop-painted surfaces.

1. Clean and prepare surfaces by S S PC-S P 3 power-tool cleaning.

3.7 WAS T E MANAGE ME NT

A. S eparate and dispose of waste in accordance with the Construction Waste Management and
Disposal Plan and Local Codes.

E ND OF S E CT ION

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