COMPARISION OF RED SOIL AND STABILISED BLACK

COTTON SOIL WITH M SAND

MANASA K 1, PALLAVI N 2, SRINIVAS PRASAD N 3, VIKAS C R 4
VENKATESH A L 5

1,2,3,4
Student Channabasaveshwara Institute Of Technology ,Gubbi ,Tumkur 5
Asst. Professor Dept. of Civil Engineering,Gubbi,Tumkur

ABSTRACT

The preliminary characteristics of black cotton soil is which possess poor shear strength with
high swelling & shrinkage, thus the behaviour of the soil under the application of loads can be altered
by changing its physical & engineering properties. When the black cotton soil is exposed to variation
in climate conditions leads to increase or decrease in swelling & shrinkage ratio, these variations
can be minimized by admixtures manufactured sand (M sand). The present study deals with
evaluation of physical & engineering properties of black cotton soil which is mixed with admixtures
in varying proportions & the results are tabulated by comparing it with standard codes & practices.
The experimental study also revealed that with the increase of percentage of M sand there is an
increase in maximum dry density values where as there is considerable reduction in optimum
moisture content for the given soil by conducting standard proctor test also with the conduction of
CBR test by varying the percentage of admixture like M sand in the soil mix, there is a gradual
increase in the CBR values with the increase in percentage of stabilizers.

INTRODUCTION

Soil stabilization is the improvement of strength or bearing capacity of soil by controlled

compaction, proportioning and/or addition of suitable admixtures or stabilizers. Soil is a naturally
occurring material which are stabilized to increase the strength & durability under the design use
conditions and increase in design life of the engineering project. Properties of soil will vary
according to its location, physical properties & so on, various methods are available to stabilize the
soil and the method should be analyzed in the laboratory initially with soil material before applying
it on the field conditions. The basic property of the soil should have good strength & load bearing
capacity so that external loads can be transferred to the below layers effectively without undergoing
any structural failure, hence it is required to enhance the desired properties of those soils.
Stabilization of soil should be cost-effective, long-term physical and chemical alteration of soil will
enhance their physical properties which can improve shear and unconfined compressive strength
and permanently lower the soil’s permeability to water. The major Principles of Soil Stabilization
 are to evaluate the soil properties, to decide lacking property of soil, choosing the effective method
for stabilization & Designing the Stabilized soil mix sample. Gradation of the soil is also a very
important property which is considered where the soil may be well-graded which is desirable as it
has less number of voids or uniformly graded which though sounds stable but has more voids thus,
it is better to mix different types of soils together to improve the soil strength properties because it
is very expensive to replace the inferior soil completely during construction. Advantages of soil
stabilization are Effective utilization of locally available soils and other suitable stabilizing agents.
It is more economical both in terms of cost and energy to increase

the bearing capacity of the soil & to provide more stability to the soil in embankment construction
leads to increase in workability & durability.

Soil stabilization is also done for soil water-proofing thus preventing water from entering into the soil
layers & also used to prevent erosion of soil in dry and arid weather conditions. By stabilizing the
existing soil layer, cost associated with excavation of the existing soil, removing it from the site and
replacing it with suitable materials can be eliminated. In areas where replacement of existing material
is problematic mainly due to the location of site in a remote area where aggregate supply is cost
prohibitive to import, soil stabilization becomes a cost effective alternative.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

M Sand

Manufactured sand is a substitute of river for construction purposes sand produced from hard
granite stone crushing. The crushed sand is cubical shape with grounded edges, was greeted to as
a construction material. The size of M sand is less than 4.75mm sieve, sand used for the work is
clean and coarse sand passing though 4.75mm sieve was oven dried for 24hrs to eliminate sand’s
moisture before the conduction of tests.

MATERIALS
Black cotton soil is collected from outer skirts of Gwalior city on Behind road. Samples are collected
from layer below 200mm depth by excavating pits of 1.50 m x 1.50 m size. The collected soil is
passed through 600 micron sieve after drying and pulverization, in the laboratory.
 METHODOLOGY

As per the literature review works are carried out in laboratory

As the black cotton soil is results in volumetric changes when came in contact with water, m
sand is used as an admixture to overcome this problem.

Some of the experimental test are to be conducted in laboratory by mixing the black cotton soil
with adequate amount of m sand and for the red soil are listed below

● Specific gravity

● Liquid limit
● Plastic limit

● Unconfined compressive strength test at OMC.

● California Bearing Ratio
● Undrained Triaxial test
● Standard proctor Test
The obtained results of black cotton soil mixed with m sand and red soil are compared.

Unconfined compressive strength test

UCS for 7 days

Particulars UCS Test Values for
7days
BC SOIL 0.02

BC SOIL + 20% MSAND 0.038

BC SOIL +30% MSAND 0.042

BC SOIL +30% MSAND 0.045

BC SOIL +40% MSAND 0.8

 U C S For 7 days
0.600

0.500
20%
0.400 msand

0.300
30%
0.200 msand

0.100 black
cotton
0.000
soil
0.0000 0.0500 0.1000
Axial strain

UCS FOR 14 DAYS

U C S TEST for 14 days

0.250
0.200
0.150
0.100 Black
cotton soil
0.050
0.000
0.000 0.050
Axial strain
 U C S for 14 days
0.900
0.800
0.700
0.600 20%
0.500 msand
0.400 40%
0.300 msand
0.200
30%
0.100 msand
0.000
0.0000 0.0500 0.1000
Axial strain

UCS for 21 days

PARTICULARS UCS Test Values for 21
days

BC SOIL
0.024

BC SOIL + 20% MSAND 0.069

BC SOIL +30% MSAND 0.084

BC SOIL +40% MSAND

0.092
 U C S for 21 days
1.000
0.900
0.800
0.700
0.600
0.500 20% msand
0.400 40% msand
0.300
0.200 30% msand
0.100
0.000
0.0000 0.0500 0.1000
Axial strain

U C S TEST for 21 days

0.250

0.200

0.150

0.100 Black
cotton soil
0.050

0.000
0.000 0.020 0.040
Axial strain
 U C S For undrained
0.450
0.400
0.350 20%
0.300 msand
0.250 30%
0.200 msand
0.150
black
0.100
cotton soil
0.050
0.000 40%
0.0000 0.0500 0.1000 msand
Axial strain

UCS for undrained sample CONCLUSION

With the use of M sand in Black Cotton Soil, there will be change in Index properties. It may
further leads towards stabilization of soil. With the help of this stabilization of soil, pavements can
be designed economically such that sub-base thickness can be reduced with varying percentage of
M sand.

REFERENCES:
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grade black cotton soil using m-sand and cement.”
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using sand and m-sand.”
3. Mithun sagar P, Skanda kumar B Manjunatha S, Guruswamy (2008): “Stabilization of
black cotton soil by utilizing controlled low strength material.”
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cotton soil with m-sand and non woven coir.”
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engineering and technology.
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