Hypertension- is an intermittent or sustained elevation of diastolic or systolic blood

pressure. Serial blood pressure measurement used to classify hypertension;

Pre-hypertension Systolic blood pressure is greater than 120 but less than 140 mmHg
or diastolic pressure greater than 80 but less than 90 mmHg. Stage 1 hypertension
systolic pressure greater than 139 but less than 160 mmHg or diastolic greater than 89
but less than 100 mmHg and Stage 2 hypertension systolic blood pressure greater than
159 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure greater than 99 mmHg.

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:

Diagnostic Test:

 Urinalysis
 Excretory Urography
 Serum potassium level
 ECG
 Opthalmoscopy
 Oral captopril to test for renovascular hypertension

Treatment and drugs:

 Beta-adrenergic blocker
 Calcium channel blocker
 ACE inhibitors
 Weight reduction
 Alcohol, smoke and salt restriction
 Promote compliance of medication

NURSING MANAGEMENT:

 Ask patient if he/she is taking prescribed hypertensive drugs

 Monitor Blood pressure
 Monitor Pulse pressure
 Avoid patient that can provoke increased blood pressure like prohibition of
alcohol, smoking, salt-intake, fatty-foods, and high cholesterol foods and also
avoid caffeine-beverages.
 Promote health Teachings on proper compliance of medication and prohibition

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
 RISK FACTORS:
Diabetes Mellitus
Family History
Advance age
Obesity
Sedentary Lifestyle
Stress
Smoking
High intake of Na, saturated fats
and alcohol

Kidney release RENIN into the

bloodstream

RENIN helps convert angiotensin I

in liver

Angiotensin I is converted to
angiotensin II (a potent
vasoconstrictor) in lungs

Angiotensin
II

Aldosterone: Causes Na and water

retension

Retained Na and Water Increased Blood Volume

Arteriolar constriction Increased Peripheral vascular resistance

Increased Blood pressure and vascular resistance to

hypertension

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:

Diagnostic Test:

 Urinalysis
 Excretory Urography
 Serum potassium level
 ECG
 Opthalmoscopy
 Oral captopril to test for renovascular hypertension

Treatment and drugs:

 Beta-adrenergic blocker
 Calcium channel blocker
 ACE inhibitors
 Weight reduction
  Alcohol, smoke and salt restriction
 Promote compliance of medication

NURSING MANAGEMENT:

 Ask patient if he/she is taking prescribed hypertensive drugs

 Monitor Blood pressure
 Monitor Pulse pressure
 Avoid patient that can provoke increased blood pressure like prohibition of
alcohol, smoking, salt-intake, fatty-foods, and high cholesterol foods and also
avoid caffeine-beverages.
 Promote health Teachings on proper compliance of medication and prohibition