Oral Communication

It is derived from the Latin words:

Communis- “commonness”
Communicare-“to share” = it is a 2 way processin which there is a give and take relationship.
if there is giving and receiving of information, then it can be said that a symbiotic or reciprocal
relationship exist between two person.

People who are engaged in communication should have something in common for successful
communication and they are the following:
LANGUAGE- the persons who are communication should speak the same language or dialect n
order for the to have a successful communication

KNOWLEDGE – it means how much information a person has about the certain topic.

INTEREST- they should have the same level of interest so that there will be a continues
exchange of information.

EXPERIENCE- having similar experience or experiences with the person we are conversing with
will be able us to relate to the other person as we are familiar with what he is going through.

CULTURE - it s to facilitate comprehension of the message being transmitted.

Meaning of communication from varied sources

1. Communication is the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using
other mediums. (oxford dictionary)
2. Communication is a process by which information is exchange between individuals through
a common system of symbols, signs or behaviour. (meriiamwebster)

Simple Definition: Communication is the process of exchanging informations from one

person to another.

The Communication Process

=the communication process demonstrates all the factors that affect the communication =
The main components of Communication process
1. Context – it is also knows as situation, setting or environment. Any communication activity
is affected by the context in which it occurs and it consist of different aspects like: country,
culture and the organization.
2. Sender – it is also known as speaker, source or encoder. Sender is the person who sends
the message. In oral communication the encoder is the speaker and in written
communication the writer is the encoder
3. Message – it is the key element of that is transmitted in communication whether it is oral
or written.
4. Channel – it is also known as the medium of communication. This refers to the pathway
through which the message travels in order to reach its destination.
5. Receiver – it is also known as decoder or listener. It is the person who receives and
interprets the message
6. Feedback – this refers to the return process of communication which completes the loop of
communication. It is the main component of the of communication process because it tells
the sender as to the effectiveness of his message.
7. Noise – this is also called the interference. Noise or interference refers to anything that
hinders the transmission or reception of the message.
Categories of Noise
1. Internal Noise- refers to anything that we think of during the time we are engaged in
communication.
2. External Noise – it is the noise that comes from outside.
Other Barriers that hinder the transmission of the message
a. Semantic noise- this barrier may either connotative or denotative.
b. Syntactic noise – this refers to grammar, structure or set of rules that govern hpw
words are combined in meaningful phrases and sentences.
c. Environmental noise – this noise refers to the type of barrier that physically
disrupts communication, such as very loud music.
d. Organizational noise – poorly structured or planned message can also be a barrier.
Example is a driver who is given unclear, badly worded directions may unable to
figure out how to reach his destination.
e. Psychological noise – this refers to a certain attitude that can make
communication difficult.
f. Physiological –Impairment noise – it refers to the physical condition such as
deafness or blindness.
g. Culture noise – difference in culture may interfere with cross-cultural
understanding.