1.

Introduction to Media and Information Literacy

-enables people to interpret and make informed judgments as users of information and
media, as well as to become skillful creators and producers of information and media messages
in their own right
- Media and other information providers play a central role in information and
communication processes. They are one way of communicating information, although their role
is much broader than that. For the purpose of the MIL curriculum, media are defined
(irrespective of the nature and technologies used) as sources of credible and current information
created through an editorial process determined by journalistic values whereby editorial
accountability can be attributed to a specific organization or a legal person. To the extent that
media are an important part of every society’s communication system, their institutional make-
up can mesh with a variety of non-media information providers, such as libraries, museums,
archives, Internet information providers, other information organizations and citizens who
produce their own content.Media play several roles

a. Media Literacy-Media literacy encompasses the practices that allow people to access,
critically evaluate, and create media. Media literacy is not restricted to one medium.] The US-
based National Association for Media Literacy Education defines it as the ability to access,
analyze, evaluate, create, and act using all forms of communication. Media literacy education is
intended to promote awareness of media influence and create an active stance towards both
consuming and creating media.[3] Media literacy education is part of the curriculum in the United
States and some European Union countries, and an interdisciplinary global community of media
literacy scholars and educators engages in knowledge sharing through scholarly and professional
journals and national membership associations.

b. Information Literacy-Information literacy is a set of abilities requiring individuals to

'recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use
effectively the needed information.

c. Technology Literacy- is the ability of an individual, working independently and with others,
to responsibly, appropriately and effectively use technology tools to access, manage, integrate,
evaluate, create and communicate information.

1. describes how communication is affected by media and information

positive ways -for nowadays, social media is convenient for those people away from
home, you can easily just message and see each other through social media, We live in a time
and age where information is just a button press away. We are swayed by information all around
us, we can easily inform anytime and anywhere.
Social media allows the social growth of the society and also helps many businesses. It provides
tools like social media marketing that can reach a millions of potential clients. We can easily
access information and get news through social media. Social media is a great tool for creating
awareness about any social cause. Employers can reach out to potential job seekers. It can help
many an individuals to have social growth and interaction with the world without having any
hitch. Many people use social media to make themselves heard to the higher authorities. It can
also help you meet like-minded people.
It is a good tool for education.
It can create awareness for many social issues.
There is a fast transfer of information online and hence the users can stay well informed.
It can also be used as a news medium.
There are few social benefits as well like communication with long distance friends and
relatives.
It can provide great employment opportunities online

Negative ways- many feel it’s a boon but there is a majority who feels that it is a curse. Mostly
people feel that social media has destroyed human interaction with a rapid rate and has modified
modern human relationships,
Many physiatrists believe that social media is a single most factor causing depression and
anxiety in people. It is also a cause of poor mental growth in children. Increased use of social
media can lead to poor sleeping patterns. There are many other negative effects like cyber
bullying, body image issues etc. as well. There is an increased ‘Fear of Missing out’ (FOMO) at
an all-time high in youth because of social media.

Enables cheating in exams

Dropping of grades and performance of students
Lack of privacy
Users are vulnerable to cyber-crimes like hacking, identity theft, phishing crimes etc.

2. identifies the similarities and differences of media literacy, information literacy, and
technology literacy

- In knowledge society, there is currently a call for cultivating a combination of media

literacy and information literacy. This, however, requires cooperation from these two separate
fields of study, and uncertainty regarding their boundaries hinders a smooth merger. It is unclear
whether they are subsets of each other or separate entities. In this study, we have explored the
relationship between these two fields by empirically mapping out their territories and discussing
their similarities and differences. We have made use of the Web of Science database to delineate
the content and boundary of these two fields. Our findings from 1956 to 2012 show that the two
fields have different authors, university affiliations, and journals; they also differ in terms of
academic origin, scope, and social concern. Information literacy has a closer tie to library
science, while media literacy is more related to media content, media industry, and social effects.
Due to their different academic orientations, the two fields adopt different analytical approaches.
We have found that media literacy is not a subset of information literacy as some scholars have
suggested, although the two fields have similarities. They share the same goal, and their
publications overlap in terms of subject areas, countries of origin, and titles. The two fields could
find common ground by cooperating together to contribute to the promotion of new literacy in
knowledge societies.

3 editorializes the value of being a media and information literate individual

- The purpose of being an Information and Media Literate is to engage in a digital
society where one needs to be able to use, understand, inquire, create, communicate and think
critically. It is important to have the capacity to effectively access, organize, evaluate, and create
messages in a variety of forms

4.identifies characteristics /describes a responsible uses and competent producers of media

and information
- The characteristics of a competent producer of media information are of the following:
* Describes how communication is affected by media and information. * Editorializes the value
of being a media and information literate individual
- Social media use, and internet use more generally, is a typical part of most youths'
daily lives. Supporting them in responsible use and navigation of various platforms is important
for any supportive adults in their lives.

5. media habits, lifestyles and preferences

- Media consumption. Media consumption or media diet is the sum of information
and entertainment media taken in by an individual or group. It includes activities such as
interacting with new media, reading books and magazines, watching television and film, and
listening to radio.
- In general, "lifestyle media" refers to media that isn't about actual news or hobbies or
anything, but rather media (web articles, computer games, etc) that caters more to the social
aspect of things. Basically, in common parlance, "lifestyle media" means things like BuzzFeed.

The Evolution of Traditional to New Media

Prehistoric Age 1500 BC – 1500 AD

- Prehistory is the period of human activity between the use of the first stone tools ~3.3 million
years ago and the invention of writing systems, the earliest of which appeared ~5300 years ago,
Technology that predates recorded history. History is the study of the past using written records;
it is also the record itself. Anything prior to the first written accounts of history
is prehistoric (meaning "before history"), including earlier technologies. About 2.5 million years
before writing was developed, technology began with the earliest hominids who used stone tools,
which they may have used to start fires, hunt, cut food, and bury their dead.

Industrial Age 1700s-1930s

-The Industrial Age is a period of history that encompasses the changes in economic and social
organization that began around 1760 in Great Britain and later in other countries, characterized
chiefly by the replacement of hand tools with power-driven machines such as the power loom
and the steam engine, and by the concentration of industry in large establishments
The Electronic Age: 1930s – 1980s
- The Electronic age is the invention of the transistor ushered in the electronic age. People
harnessed the power of transistor that led to the transistor communication became more efficient.

DIGITAL AGE (1900s-2000s)

- Digital Age or Informational Age is a period in human history characterized by the shift from
traditional industry that the Industrial Revolution brought through industrialization, to an
economy based on information computerization.The internet paved the way advanced the used of
microelectronics with the invention of personal computers, devices wearable technology.
Moreover, voice, image, sounds, and data are digitalized.

1.identifies traditional media and new media and their relationships

-Traditional media, or as some refer to as old media, has been used in the marketing/advertising
world for years. When related to advertising, traditional media encompasses that of television,
newspaper, radio and magazine ads. These forms of communication are the steadfast ways that
businesses have reached both consumers and other companies for decades. They are the roots of
advertising and the most common form utilized by businesses on a daily basis. Though
traditional media is effective, over the course of the last few years we have seen more and more
businesses utilizing new media to reach its target audiences.
- New media is the future of advertising. More and more consumers and businesses rely on new
media to find their information. Ultimately, new media refers to content that is easily accessible
via many different forms of digital media. When related to advertising, some examples of new
media include online advertising (retargeting, banner ads, etc.), online streaming (radio and
television) and social media advertising. Each of these are means in which businesses have the
capability to reach consumers and other businesses with ease.

the roles and functions of media in democratic society

- In today's world, media becomes as essential as our daily needs. Media of today is playing an
outstanding role in creating and shaping of public opinion and strengthening of society. Media is
the sword arm of democracy. Media acts as watchdog to protect public interest against
malpractice and create public awareness
-trough media we can advocate awareness and show the true social status of our country, we can
protest the lack of government and show the corruption and poverty today

latest theory on information and media

-Media theory refers to the complex of social-political-philosophical principles which organize
ideas about the relationship between media and society. Within this is a type of theory called
`normative theory', which is concerned with what the media ought to be doing in society rather
than what they actually do. Media theory refers to the complex of social-political-philosophical
principles which organize ideas about the relationship between media and society. Within this is
a type of theory called `normative theory', which is concerned with what the media ought to be
doing in society rather than what they actually do.

Information Literacy
.Information needs- The term information need is often understood as an individual or group's
desire to locate and obtain information to satisfy a conscious or unconscious need. Rarely
mentioned in general literature about needs, it is a common term in information science.
According to Hjørland (1997) it is closely related to the concept of relevance: If something is
relevant for a person in relation to a given task, we might say that the person needs the
information for that task.
locates-
accesses
assesses
organizes
communicates information

Demonstrates ethical use of information

- Ethical Use of Information. Helps you understand the ethical use of informationby
providing information on quoting, paraphrasing, and citing the work of others and on
recognizing and avoiding plagiarism

Types of Media
a. Print (books, newsletter, magazines, journals, and other printed materials)
b. Broadcast (radio, television, and film)
c. New Media (internet)

Classifies contents of different media types:

Print media
a. newspaper
b. magazines

Broadcast media
a. Television
b. Radio

Support media
a. Outdoor Ad
b. Transit Ad
c. Cinema and Video ad

Media convergence through current examples- echnological convergence is a tendency for

technologies that were originally quite unrelated to become more closely integrated and even
unified as they develop and advance. The concept is roughly analogous to convergent evolution
in biological systems, such that (for example) the ancestors of whales became progressively
more like fish in outward form and function, despite not being fish and not coming from a fish
lineage. In technological convergence, a cardinal example to convey the concept is that
telephones, television, and computers began as separate and mostly unrelated technologies but
have converged in many ways into interrelated parts of a telecommunication and media industry
underpinned by common elements of digital electronics and software.
Media and Information Sources
a. Indigenous
b. Library
c. Internet
d. Others

Compares potential sources of media and information

- media source is any resource that serves as a means of communicating to a general, public
audience. These sources are important because the medium in which we receive a message
shapes the message. For example, television is a kind of visual media.

Media and Information Languages

a. Codes, Conventions, and Messages
b. Audience, Producers, and Other stakeholders