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Psep
ΔP flowline Pwf
GAS
Pwh Flowline
OIL
+WATER
Q
Separator
IS A METHODOLOGY TO ANALYZE
Tubing THE PRODUCTION SYSTEM AS AN
UNIT TO CALCULATE ITS CAPACITY
WITH THE OBJECTIVE OF:
ΔPtubing
• DESIGNING EACH COMPONENT OF THE
PRODUCTION SYSTEM
gas
p6= Pds-Psep
Pwh-Pds = p5
Pwh
Pds Flowline Separator
Psep
Surface choke
Tank
Pdv
Safety valve
p4= Puv-Pdv Puv
p1=Pr-Pwfs Loss in porous medium
Well p2=Pwfs-Pwf Loss across the completion
p3=Pur-Pdr ” ” restriction
Restriction Pdr p4=Puv-Pdv ” ” safety valve
p5=Pwh-Pds ” ” choke
p6=Pds-Psep ” in flow line
Pur p7=Pwf-Pwh
p3= Pur-Pdr p8=Pwh-Psep
Total loss in tubing
Total loss in flowline
p1=Pr-Pwfs
Pwfs-Pwf = p2
Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved
NODAL ANALYSIS CONCEPT
Q Q
INFLOW NODE OUTFLOW
Pu UPSTREAM
Pn DOWNSTREAM
Pd
COMPONENTS COMPONENTS
ΔPu ΔPd
ΔP = f (Q)
NODE PRESSURE
FLOW RATE, Q
WATER
WATER
SOURCE
SINK
2000 feet, Ø= 3” 1000 feet, Ø=2”
Calculate:
Select the node at the point where the pipe diameter is reduced from 3” to 2”.
Assume flow rates of 2500, 3000 y 3500, 5000, 5500, 6000 BPD.
L Q2
ΔP = 3.8 x 10 - 7 x ;
D5
where, ΔP is the pressure drop in psi, L is the pipe length in feet, D is the pipe
diameter in inches and Q the flow rate in BPD.
Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved
GRAPHICAL SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM
Pnode
(1) Pnode = P1-ΔP1
FLOW RATE, Q
Pnode
(1) Pnode = P1-ΔP1
3”
(2) Pnode = P3+ΔP2
Inflow
(1) performance
1A
3 2
1
1B
4
NODE LOCATION
1 SEPARATOR
2 SURFACE CHOKE
3 WELLHEAD
4 SAFETY VALVE
5 RESTRICTION
6 Pwf
5 7 Pwfs
8 Pr
1A GAS SALES
1B STOCK TANK
6 7 8
Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved
NODAL ANALYSIS APPLICATION IN A SIMPLE PRODUCTION SYSTEM
(NODE SELECTED AT THE WELLHEAD)
ΔP flowline
Horizontal Gas
Pwh Flowline
NODE
Psep Separator
Tank
Inflow to node:
ΔPtubing Pr – ΔPres – ΔPtubing = Pwh (1)
Vertical or inclined tubing
ΔPres
Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved
EFFECT OF THE FLOWLINE SIZE
(NODE SELECTED AT THE WELLHEAD)
d1
WELLHEAD PRESSURE, Pwh
d 2 > d1
OUTFLOW
INFLOW
FLOWRATE, Q
ΔP flowline
Horizontal Gas
Pwh Flowline
Psep Separator
Tank
Inflow to node:
ΔPtubing Pr – ΔPres = Pwf (1)
Vertical or inclined tubing
Outflow from node:
Psep + ΔPflowline +
ΔPtubing = Pwf (2)
Pr, k, IPR
NODE
ΔPres
Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved
EFFECT OF THE TUBING SIZE
(NODE SELECTED AT THE BOTTOMHOLE)
Pr d1
BOTTOMHOLE FLOWING PRESSURE, Pwf
d2>d1
INFLOW
IPR
OUTFLOW
0
0
FLOWRATE, Q
FLOW RATE, Q
UNSTABLE REGION
DIAMETER FOR
MAXIMUM FLOW RATE
TUBING DIAMETER, d
d1
Pr
BOTTOMOLE FLOWING PRESSURE, Pwf
2*
WELL WITHOUT SKIN EFFECT
d2>d1
1
WELL WITH
SKIN EFFECT
2**
0
0 PRODUCTION INCREASE
FLOW RATE, Q
Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved
BOTTOM HOLE FLOWING PRESSURE, Pwf
GAS LIFT WELL PERFORMANCE
Inflow Performance
IPR
(a) Gas lift well analysis (b) Effect of gas injection rate
Pr
INFLOW
OUTFLOW
N3>N2
N1
N1>N2
0
0
FLOWRATE, Q
Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved
EFFECT OF PERFORATING DENSITY ON FLOW RATE
FLOWRATE, Q
GAS LIFT
BOTTOMHOLE FLOWING PRESSURE, Pwf
Pr
ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE
1 PUMP (ESP)
BUBBLE PRESSURE
Pb
GAS LIFT
BOTTOMHOLE FLOWING PRESSURE, Pwf
Pr
IPR IMPROVED BY
REPERFORATION +
STIMULATION JOB
ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE
1 PUMP (ESP)
3 ZERO GAS IN
THE PUMP
Pwf > Pb
BUBBLE PRESSURE
Pb
WELL WITH A
VERY STRONG
SKIN EFFECT 2
0
0 PRODUCTION INCREASE
FLOW RATE, Q
Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved
HISTORY CASE
NODAL ANALYSIS FOCUSED ON INFLOW RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE
BEAM PUMPING
BOTTOMHOLE FLOWING PRESSURE, Pwf
Pr
2 WELL STIMULATED WITH
STEAM SOAK
1
0
0
FLOW RATE, Q
Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved
HISTORY CASE
NODAL ANALYSIS FOCUSED ON INFLOW RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE
BEAM PUMPING
BOTTOMHOLE FLOWING PRESSURE, Pwf
Pr
1
ELECTRICAL SUBMERSIBLE
PUMP (ESP)
0 1000 BPD
0 PRODUCTION INCREASE
FLOW RATE, Q
Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved
WELL RESTRICTED BY PIPING SYSTEM AND
NEAR WELLBORE SKIN EFFECT
Pr
2 OUTFLOW
1
4
INFLOW
3
0
0
FLOW RATE, Q
Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved
ANALYZING MULTIWELL SYSTEMS
A change made in any component in the system would affect the producing
capacity of the total system, Some of the changes that could be considered
are:
Pwf1
PA System
Q1 Capacity
Well 1
A B
QA=Q1+Q2+Q3
Well 2
Pwf2
Q2 Well 3
Pwf3
Q3