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MODULE XI:

SAFETY TECHNIQUES IN POWER PLANT


OPERATIONS
INTRODUCTION

Definition:
 Safety is defined as the practical certainty that injury, harm or damage will
NOT result from the use of a substance(s) or agent(s) under a specified
condition or quantity and manner of use.
 The purpose of Occupational Health and Safety, therefore,is to try achieve
and maintain a safe and healthy environment for the workers and equipment.
BASIC SAFETY RULES

: If it is not safe – do not do it.


: No time is so important.
: No emergency so great that we can not take time to do our work safely.
: place for everything and everything in its place.
: Think before you act.
Role of Government in Achieving OH & S goals

1 Making legislations concerning OH & S

2 Enforcement of the legislations..

3 Health and safety enlightenment of the general public.

4 Preparation of “code of practice” and guidelines on safety and health in various operations.

5 Investigation of reported casas of occupational accident and diseases


6 Co-operation with various National and International organizations concerned with
Occupational Health and safety environment.

7 Provision of Technical Advises on occupational Health and Safety matters.

8 Prosecution of defaulting employers who contravene the Factories Decree and other
subsidiary legislations
Role of Employers

1 Registration of Factories with Factory inspectorate Department of the Federal Ministry of


Labour and Productivity.

2 Preparation and adaptation of an Occupational Health and Safety policy.

3 Establishment of occupational Health and Safety programme.

4 Compliance with the various provisions of the Factories Decree and subsidiary Legislations.
Role of employees
1 Obeying all safety and health instructions.

2 Wearing all protective equipment and clothing as provided.

3 Avoiding unsafe acts or practices

4 Submitting themselves to all necessary medical examination.


Role of OH&S Function in Achieving
OH&S
1 Monitoring compliance with corporate occupational health and safety
policy

2 Invetigation of reported accident on PHCN Network.

3 Safety inspection and Audit of PHCN Facilities

4 Advise Management at all levels on Occupational health and Safety


matters.
5 Colate and maintain accident statistics on PHCN Network.

6 Fire prevention and maintenance of all PHCN facilities

7 Conduct Safety enlightenment


SAFETY RULES

GENERAL
In addition to the safety rules, supplementary instructions applicable to
specific location may be issued, provided they conform with the intent
and spirit of the rules.

In any given situation the term rules shall mean not only the “safety
Rules” but also any supplementary instructions which may apply.
Employees Knowledge of Rules

1. Every employee shall be familiar with the rules.

2. An Employee who is temporarily attached to a department shall familiarizes himself with


rules and instructions which have a bearing on the work he is doing.
3. Employees must comply with the Rules and supplementary instructions.
Ignorance or disregard of the Safety Rules, standard protection code or
supplementary instruction cannot be tolerated and any such offence will result in
disciplinary action against the offender.
General Duties of all Employees

1. All employees shall exercise intelligence and constant care and shall use the safety appliances
provided to protect themselves, their fellow employees, the public and equipment.
They shall:-

(a) Carry out their duties with skill, fore sight and care so as to minimize accidents, interruptions
and damage to apparatus or property.

(b) Guard against theft and damage, and promptly report any such occurrence.

(c) Know the location and operation of the various types of fire extinguishers and eliminate
unnecessary fire hazards.
2. All employees shall promptly report abnormal conditions in apparatus to the appropriate section.

3. If any employee reports for duty or is on duty in a condition which, in the opinion of any
employee, renders him unfit to perform his regular duties safely and efficiently, he shall be reported
to his supervisor and if the supervisor concurs, the employee shall not be permitted to work.
4. Employees are encouraged to forward, through proper channels, any
constructive suggestions or criticisms of the rules.
Responsibility of Foremen and
Supervisors
Foremen and supervisors shall:-

(a) Ensure that all work is performed in accordance with standard practices and that all safety rules
and precautions are observed.

(b) Issue Rule Books, booklets and instructions where required and instruct the men on the
contents.
(c) Exercise or provide adequate supervision over their men at all times.

(d) Enforce the rules.

(e) Guard against the use of defective safety appliances, rigging-tools and material.

(f) Study the safest, most effective and efficient method of doing the work in accordance with
the rules.
(e) Guard against the use of defective safety appliances, rigging-tools and material.

(f) Study the safest, most effective and efficient method of doing the work in accordance with the
rules.

(g) See that all safety devices supplied by the Authority are properly used and maintained.

(h) See that no man is permitted to do work for which he is not qualified.
(i) See that first aid kits for use by workmen are kept in the prescribed condition.

(j) Make certain that all fire extinguishing equipment under their jurisdiction is kept in its proper
place and is ready for instant use.

(k) Assign sufficient men to do each job safely.


(l) When a foreman must leave the work area, he shall delegate safety responsibilities to a
qualified man, explain these responsibilities to him, and to the remainder of the workmen.

(m) Brief all workmen on the plan of work, before work is started.
The following details shall be fully
discussed:
(1) Procedures to be followed. A job print may be used if necessary.

(2) Potential hazards and the ways to eliminate or protect against


them.

(3) Definite work assignments.

(4) Use of special tools or equipment.

(5) Check that instructions are clearly understood.


 If the job is complex or if a change of plan is to be made conduct additional
briefings as required, to ensure that the workmen understand each progressive
step of the work.
Personal Conduct

1. Drinking intoxicants or consuming narcotics while on duty is strictly


prohibited. Employee who report for duty under the influence of alcoholic
beverages or narcotics shall not be permitted to work.

2. Employees shall be courteous and considerate of the public and to each


other.
3. Indulgence in practical jokes, horseplay, scuffling and wrestling, while on duty, or when off duty
on authority properties or in authority’s vehicles is forbidden.
Physical Condition

 Employees who are known to be subject to weak spells of any sort shall not,
under any circumstances, work in any elevated location where the danger of
falling exists, neither shall they work in close proximity to dangerous water,
rotating equipment nor live electrical apparatus.
General Precautions
1. Care shall always be taken while cleaning, not to come in contact with live apparatus nor to
disturb sensitive equipment such as relays.

2. Special care shall be taken when it is necessary to use wiping rags close to moving parts of
turbines motors, generators, pumps or in any place that a rag might be caught and cause
personal injury or damage to the equipment.
3. Unnecessary running up or down stairways, standing or sitting on handrails and the
unnecessary climbing of buildings, elevated tanks and structures is prohibited.

4. Care shall be taken not to enter enclosures where dangerous gas is present without the use
of an auxiliary air supply approved for this specific purpose, or until the enclosure is free of gas, as
determined by an approved test.
Operation of Apparatus

 No person shall operate any apparatus, equipment or vehicle without permission or instructions
from the proper authority.
Emergency Action of Employees

1. In any emergency not provided herein employees shall act according to


their best judgement. They must be aware of consequences of such acts.

2. Any unusual action taken in an emergency shall be reported promptly to


the supervisor. A written report shall be submitted by the employee without
delay.
Handling Material

 Employees shall not attempt to lift loads beyond their


capabilities.

Accidents

 Accidents shall be reported promptly to a supervisor.

First Aid

 In all matters concerning first-aid, employees shall be governed


by the Authority booklet, “Fundamentals of First-Aid”.
Safety Meetings

 All employees engaged in construction operation, maintenance and handling of material or testing
of mechanical or electrical apparatus must attend scheduled safety meetings arranged by the
Foreman or Supervisor.
Good Housekeeping

1. All Authority premises shall, in the interest of safety, fire prevention, and
appearance, be kept clean and orderly at all times.

2. Each workman shall be responsible for leaving his work area clean and
orderly. Tools, and other materials etc. shall not be left lying around.
3. Glass, porcelain or other sharp materials shall be placed in special
containers provided for this purpose, or when such a container is not available
beside the waste container so as to be clearly visible to personnel responsible for
disposal.
4. Aerosol containers shall never be placed in waste containers with waste that is to be burned.
When an aerosol is empty it should be inverted and the remaining pressure released, then
disposed off with non-combustible material.
Fire Prevention
 Fire prevention requirements for Authority properties shall be
governed by the Authority’s directives and instructional
releases on the subject, and by supplementary requirements of
the Fire Brigade.
Petrol
1 Petrol shall not be used as a cleaning fluid.
2 Petrol shall not be used to kindle fires.
NOTE: Petrol may be used by trained Instructors at authorized fire Schools-for
starting demonstration fires.

3 Smoking or the use of open flame-in any form is prohibited while handling
petrol, or in the vicinity of petrol storage.
4. The dispensing of petrol in any authority-owned or rented building shall be from an

approved safety type container equipped with a self-closing spout and a flame arrester.
5. The dispensing of gasoline at outdoor operations such as forestry and

construction work sites must be from approved containers, such as jerrycans.


6. Care shall be taken while filling petrol tanks to avoid spillage, and to avoid any action which
could cause a spark such as shorting of battery terminals etc.

 This is particularly important where the tank is mounted close to the exhaust system or the
battery. Petrol engines shall be stopped and the ignition system turned off before refueling.
7. Petrol shall be stored in accordance with the requirements
of the Ministry of Mines and Power.
8. The metal nozzle of the filler hose or container must make
good contact with the filler pipe or tank, while filling petrol
tanks, to prevent a static charge developing on the hose or
container which could cause a spark and ignite the petrol.
When a funnel is required for refueling, it must be made of
metal.
Clothing and Personal Jewellery

1. Employees should wear clothing suitable for the job being done. Loose
clothing such as neckties, unbuttoned sleeves, etc shall not be worn in the
vicinity of moving parts in which they could be caught. Pockets shall be kept free
of rags and other material having loose ends.
2. Employees shall not wear swinging watch or key chains. Personal jewellery
such as rings and wrist watches shall not be worn near rotating shafts, spindles,
gears belts and any other source of entanglement or live electrical parts or
circuits.
FACTORS TO CONSIDER BEFORE ISSUING A PRO-
GUAR

1. The identity of the applicant.


The operator must be certain that the applicant is a
qualify employee.
Note : qualified is defined as “accepted as satisfactorily in
reference to experience, education, personal competence,
physical fitness and familiarity with rules, procedure,
apparatus, and dangers involved in work and operation”
2. The type of protection required
The applicant must state that he is applying for a station
Guarantee, a work permit, or a work and Test permit.
The type of protection requested (Station Guarantee, Work
Permit, or work and Test Permit), determines whether
complete or partial isolation will be established and also
whether any at the apparatus conversed by the Guarantee
will be made alive for testing.
3. The work to be done and the tests, if any. In detail.

All the work to be done must be listed and listed completely. Only the work entered in the
section “DESCRIPTION OF APPARATUS AND WORK” on the O.F.1, may be carried out

Each aspect of the intended work must be considered from the standpoint of safety. Safe
working conditions would be established for only the work listed.
4. the apparatus on which work is to be done

Protection Guarantees are issued for specific work on specific apparatus. The full and exact
name for the apparatus on which work is to be done must be given.

This is to ensure that the operator can established sufficient isolation, but not more than
required for the intended work. For example.
5. The additional apparatus the applicant considers should be covered for working space.

The creation of safe working space is the most essential part of the protection guarantee
procedure. The working space required is governed by the particular apparatus on which work is
to be done and any adjacent live apparatus.
 The nature of the work to be done and the manner in which the work is to be

carried out are factors to be considered in determining the safe working

clearance required.
6. The Neighboring live apparatus which constituted a danger This also is
essential part of protection guarantee procedure. It is an important
consideration when work is to be done at a location remote from the master
station, especially at older stations having open bus work operating diagrams
do not show the physical location of apparatus.
It is the applicants responsibility to examine the position of apparatus and advise the master
station accordingly.

Being aware of danger from neighbouring live apparatus is not important if ladder or rigging
is to be moved into the work area. In attended stations the operator must check the work area
to be certain that the work can be performed safely.

At remote, unattended locations the operator must question the applicant regarding the
adequacy of the working clearance.
7. All work must have authorization

No work can be done on any apparatus under the control of the operating department without
the consent of the proper authority. This will usually be the station operator in charge of the
apparatus.
 The applicant must allow himself sufficient time to complete the work to avoid
overextending the outage. This does not mean, however, that working time
must not be greatly over-estimated.

 Applications for station Guarantees must conform with the above either check
points so far they are applicable.
 Applications for protection guarantees must be discussed fully in such a manner
that no confusion, or protection understanding, exists between the applicant
and the issuing station operator. The master station must decide if the
protection guarantee can be issued in safety and in conformity with the rules.
POINT TO NOTE:
 No dirty rags should be allowed lying on the floor

 Cleanliness must be your watch word as regards good

practical Engineering.

 Tool-box should always be cleaned and during this time, tools can be checked.


 In some stations, it is very difficult for
work- men to clean where they keep their
boxes, thereby making rats, cockroaches
and even snakes and other reptiles to hide
under the boxes. That can be hazardous.
 All tools should be free from rust, moisture,
dirt, grease and oil, metals fillings and knife
should be sharp.
 After the days job, it is important that all the
authority premises shall in the interest of
safety be kept clean and orderly at all times.

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