Federalism Versions in the Philippines
A. Under Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Joint
Resolution No. 10)
 The resolution may require the revision of 14 of
the 18 Articles of the 1987 Philippine
Constitution and the addition of two new
articles.
 creation of eleven "states" and one federal
administrative region.
 In 2008, senator Aquilino Pimentel
Jr. proposed Joint Resolution No. 10, which would
revise the current 1987 constitution and have
created eleven autonomous regions out of the
Philippine Republic, establishing eleven centers
of finance and development in the archipelago.

 election of senators based on states, senators
representing overseas voters and the state
governor and vice-governor as one team
B. Under Duterte
1. Renewal of Pimentel's proposal
 two possible setups for the Cordilleras under a
federal government at the North Luzon
Federalism Summit: An autonomous Cordillera
region within the Northern Luzon state or the
region as a separate federal state from Northern
Luzon due to the existence of a long-standing
autonomy movement in the region and a
provision in the current Constitution for giving
the Cordilleras autonomy
 unification of the twin Negros provinces (Negros
Occidental and Negros Oriental) under one
federal state
 (1) the Cordillera will have its own federal state;
 (2) the boundaries of Northern Luzon state still
needs to be clarified as the state includes two
distinct regions;
 (3) Masbate will be included in the Central
Visayas state;
 (4) the Northern Mindanao state shall include the
entire Zamboanga region, the entire North
Mindanao region including Bukidnon, Agusan
del Norte, Butuan City, Dinagat Islands, and
Surigao del Norte;
 (5) the Southern Mindanao state shall include the
entire Soccsksargen region, the entire Davao
region, Agusan del Sur, and Surigao del Sur;
 (6) Minparom (Mindoro, Palawan, Romblon, and
Marinduque) shall be classified as a Visayan state
and not a Luzon state as it is geographically part
of the Visayas, which Pimentel says is "contrary
to the beliefs of Imperial Manila";
 (7) the Bangsamoro state is the most important
as it is vital to peace in Mindanao and Minparom;
 (8) Shariah law can only be applied in the
Bangsamoro state if the two parties are Muslims,
but if one or both parties are non-Muslims,
national law will always apply;
 (9) Scarborough Shoal/Bajo de Masinloc shall be
part of Central Luzon state through Zambales;
 (10) the Philippine territories in the Spratly
Islands shall be part of Minparom state through
the municipality of Kalayaan, Palawan;
 (11) if the bicameral Congress is retained, then
the members of the House of Representatives
will voted the same way as its is today;
 (12) if the bicameral Congress is retained, the
members of the Senate shall be voted, not
nationally anymore, but per state, where each
state shall have six Senate seats, the Federal
Capital (Metro Manila) will have six Senate seats,
and the overseas Filipino population will have
nine Senate seats, for a total of at least 87 Senate
seats, which provides proper representation to all
states;
 (13) the Supreme Court shall be mandated to
have a decision on a case within 2 years from its
filing;
 (14) the Court of Appeals, Sandiganbayan, and
other appellate courts shall be mandated to have
a decision on a case within 1.8 years from its
filing;
 (15) the RTC shall be mandated to have a
decision on a case within 1.6 years from its filing;
 (16) the City and Municipal courts shall be
mandated to have a decision on a case within 1
year from its filing;
 (17) each federal state shall have a Federal
Governor and Federal Vice Governor; (18) each
federal state shall have a Federal State
Legislature, whose members members shall be
representatives from every province, highly
urbanized cities, and sectoral groups;
 (19) warlordism and political dynasties shall be
prohibited by the Constitution itself;
 (20) federal states shall have 80% of their
respective state's revenues, while the federal
government will only have 20%;
 (21) an Equalization Fund shall be created by the
Constitution so that federal states that are in dire
need of additional fund can be helped by the
federal government;
 (22) there will be a unified educational system,
but the indigenous peoples and Muslims shall be
allowed to input certain educational resources
into their educational system to better serve their
peoples;
 (23) the Federal Executive Department will hold
2. Alvarez Proposal
office in the Federal Administrative Region of
Metro Manila;
 (24) the Federal Legislature will hold office in the
Federal State of Central Visayas;
 (25) the Federal Supreme Court and the
Constitutional Court will hold office in the
Federal State of Northern Mindanao;
 (26) secession will not be enhanced under the
federal form of government as it is a crime under
the Constitution;
 (27) the Bangsamoro state shall be divided into
two autonomous regions, namely, mainland
Muslim Mindanao and Sulu archipelago, as the
two Muslim areas are distinct from each other in
terms of culture; and
 (28) the Philippines will include its claim in
Sabah under the federal form of government.
Pimentel, however, did not clarify that the
Philippines can only claim the eastern half of
Sabah.
 (1) the proposed Northern Mindanao state may
be divided into the Northwest Mindanao state
(the entire Zamboanga region, Misamis
Occidental, Lanao del Norte, Iligan City,
Misamis Oriental, Cagayan de Oro city, and
Camiguin) and the Northeast Mindanao state
(Bukidnon, Agusan del Norte, Agusan de Sur,
Butuan City, Dinagat Islands, Surigao del Norte,
and Surigao del Sur);
 (2) If the Northern Mindanao state is divided
into two states, Agusan del Sur and Surigao del
Sur will shift into the Northeast Mindanao state
from the initially-proposed Southern Mindanao
state;
 (3) The president and the vice president shall
continue to be elected through a nation-wide
election, but they must be elected in tandem;
 (4) the qualifications for president, vice
president, and members of Congress shall be the
same with the current Constitution, but with the
addition that the candidates must at least have a
bachelor's degree from a college/university
recognized by the government;
 (5) the term of the elected president and vice
president shall be six years without reelection;
and
 (6) a former president is not eligible to run for
the presidency anymore as the new Constitution
shall limit the term of a president into one term
only.
 14 states: 7 in Luzon, 2 in Visayas and 5 in
Mindanao.
 capital of the Philippines under a federal
government should be somewhere in Negros
island saying that it would be accessible to all
people from the three island groups
 new capital may be established between the
towns of Kabankalan, Negros Occidental and
Mabinay, Negros Oriental
 no term limit' for politicians
 indigenous state in the Cordilleras in Luzon and
an indigenous state in Mindanao

  Meron silang equalization fund so yan
manggagaling sa Federal Government para sinu-
subsidize hanggang makabangon yan.
 Malacanan Palace, the Speaker said, will just be a
“tourist destination” and “historical (site)
3. 2018 House Sub-Committee 1 proposal
 comprise five states
 each having its own constitution, capital, flag,
anthem and seal
 Each states to be led by a premiere as its
executive head will have a State Assembly
 politicians will have 'more than' two consecutive
terms, making them eligible to run for office
with no term limit
 
4. League of Provinces proposal
 League of Provinces of the Philippines (LPP),
whose members are the 81 provincial governors,
 81 existing provinces should be converted into
“independent states”, instead of regional
lumping.
5. Con-Com proposal
 consultative committee (Con-Com), created by
President Rodrigo Duterte to propose revisions
to the 1987 Constitution,
 17 federated regions and the National Capital
Region
 Ilocos, Cordillera, Cagayan Valley, Central
Luzon, Calabarzon, Bicol, Mimaropa, Eastern
Visayas, Central Visayas, Negros, Panay, Caraga,
Northern Mindanao, Davao, Soccsksargen,
Muslim Mindanao, and Zamboanga.
6. Resolution of Both Houses (RBH) 15, penned by
Speaker Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
 Does not impose a specific number of federal
states to be established. A federal state may be
created upon a petition addressed to Congress by
contiguous, compact, and adjacent provinces,
highly urbanized and component cities, and cities
and municipalities in metropolitan areas through
a "resolution of their respective bodies." The
resolution must be approved by a majority of the
votes cast in a plebiscite to be held in the
political units affected.
 The Bangsamoro Autonomous Region is
recognized as a federal state.
 The president and vice president must be from
the same party and shall be elected as a team.
 Sets the term of the president and the vice
president to 4 years. They will both be eligible
for one reelection.
 Removal of the anti-dynasty provision
 Removal of the two-term limit for senators and
the 3-term limit for district and party-list
representatives
 Revival of the two-party system, with the first
two "dominant" parties garnering the most
number of votes during the first national
elections under federalism becoming the official
parties
 Requirement for candidates for president, vice
president, and Congress members to have a
college degree
The House speaker, not the Senate president,
becomes chairperson of the Commission on
Appointments
 Removal of the line limiting the participation of
foreign investors in the governing body of
entities based on their proportionate share in the
capital
 Sets the first national and local elections for the
new president, vice president, senators,
representatives, and local officials on the second
Monday of May 2022. Winners will assume office
at 12 pm on June 30, 2022.
 Incumbent President not allowed to run for the
same position in 2022
 Restoration of the incumbent Vice President in
the line of succession during the shift to
federalism. RBH 15 previously placed the Senate
President as the President's successor should he
be unable to perform his duties.