Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Greg Siemon
Contact details
Office: Not UQ Based
Email: g.siemon@uq.edu.au
Semester consultation hours:
By arrangement
• Distillation may be
– a batch or continuous process.
– binary (ie two components) or multicomponent
• Then
𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃
𝑦𝑦𝐵𝐵 + 𝑦𝑦𝑇𝑇 =1 Dew Point Line
𝑃𝑃𝐵𝐵𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑃𝑃𝑇𝑇𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆
CRICOS Provider No 00025B
P-xy plot
T=100C
Liquid
Vapour
Vapour
Liquid
Vapour
𝑥𝑥𝐵𝐵 𝑦𝑦𝐵𝐵
𝑧𝑧𝐵𝐵
Liquid
𝑏𝑏 𝑦𝑦 −𝑧𝑧 0.8−0.6
% Liquid = = 𝑦𝑦𝐵𝐵−𝑥𝑥𝐵𝐵 = = 57.14%
𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏 𝐵𝐵 𝐵𝐵 0.8−0.45
𝑎𝑎 𝑧𝑧 −𝑥𝑥 0.6−0.45
% Vapour = = 𝑦𝑦𝐵𝐵 −𝑥𝑥𝐵𝐵 = = 42.86%
𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏 𝐵𝐵 𝐵𝐵 0.8−0.45
Vapour
a b
𝑥𝑥𝐵𝐵 𝑦𝑦𝐵𝐵
𝑧𝑧𝐵𝐵
Liquid
xB yB 0.9
0 0
0.028 0.11 0.8
0.041 0.16
0.7
0.069 0.25
0.1 0.33 0.6
0.15 0.45
0.2 0.53
yB
0.5 x=y line is
0.3 0.67 always shown
0.4
0.4 0.76
0.5 0.83
for reference
0.3
0.6 0.88
0.7 0.92 0.2
0.8 0.95
0.9 0.98 0.1
0.95 0.99
0
1 1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
xB
Flash
F Drum
𝑧𝑧𝐵𝐵
L
𝑥𝑥𝐵𝐵
𝐿𝐿 = 𝐹𝐹 − 𝑉𝑉
Flash
F
Drum
𝑧𝑧𝐵𝐵 Substitute into the Benzne balance:
𝑧𝑧𝐵𝐵 𝐹𝐹 = 𝑥𝑥𝐵𝐵 𝐹𝐹 − 𝑉𝑉 + 𝑦𝑦𝐵𝐵 𝑉𝑉
𝐹𝐹 𝐹𝐹
𝑦𝑦𝐵𝐵 = 1 − 𝑥𝑥𝐵𝐵 + 𝑧𝑧
𝑉𝑉 𝑉𝑉 𝐵𝐵
𝑉𝑉 𝑉𝑉
V 𝑦𝑦𝐵𝐵 = − 1 𝑥𝑥𝐵𝐵 + 𝑧𝑧𝐵𝐵
𝐹𝐹 𝐹𝐹
𝑦𝑦𝐵𝐵
𝑉𝑉
−1 1
𝑦𝑦𝐵𝐵 = 𝐹𝐹 𝑥𝑥𝐵𝐵 + 𝑧𝑧
Flash 𝑉𝑉 𝑉𝑉 𝐵𝐵
F
Drum 𝐹𝐹 𝐹𝐹
𝑧𝑧𝐵𝐵
Equation is of the form 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑏𝑏!
𝑉𝑉
𝐹𝐹
−1
Slope: 𝑉𝑉
L 𝐹𝐹
1
𝑥𝑥𝐵𝐵 Intercept: 𝑉𝑉 𝑧𝑧𝐵𝐵
𝐹𝐹
vapourises 0.6
0.5
• What is the
yB 0.4
composition of the
0.3
Vapour and the
0.2
Liquid?
0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
xB
yB 0.4
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
xB
yB
intersects xy line. 𝑧𝑧𝐵𝐵
0.4
• Therefore: 0.3
107
0.9
• What would the line like for feed 0.8 Mass Balance
Operating Line Bubble
at its dew point? Point Feed
0.7
𝑉𝑉
For feed at its dew point 𝐹𝐹 = 1 0.6
Dew Point
Feed
0.5
yB
so slope of line is zero (ie 𝑧𝑧𝐵𝐵
horizontal). 0.4
0.3
• For systems that are non-ideal possible to use Modified Raoult’s Law
𝜙𝜙𝐴𝐴 𝑦𝑦𝐴𝐴 𝑃𝑃 = 𝛾𝛾𝐴𝐴 𝑥𝑥𝐴𝐴 𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆
• Where 𝛾𝛾𝐴𝐴 is the activity coefficient of A in the liquid and 𝜙𝜙𝐴𝐴 is the
fugacity coefficient of A in the vapour. Values indicate how far
component is from ideal behaviour (Ideal=1).
𝑅𝑅 𝐸𝐸
𝐺𝐺𝐴𝐴 𝐺𝐺𝐴𝐴
ln 𝜙𝜙𝐴𝐴 = and ln 𝛾𝛾𝐴𝐴 =
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅