Assignment-V

CFD Analysis of 3-D Fluid domain with constant heat flux on the top surface.

1. Introduction

ANSYS Fluent 18.2 software is used to solve the conservation equations of mass,
momentum and energy. This software has been successfully used in a number of studies to
simulate the fluid flow and heat transfer problems. Along with these 3 equations k and epsilon
equations are also solved to capture the turbulence flow field. K-epsilon realizable turbulence
model is selected along with enhanced wall treatment for modeling the turbulence occurring
in the flow. Coupled algorithm is used for coupling pressure and velocity as it is robust and
accurate. The convergence criteria between two consecutive iterations is set to be relative
deviation less than 10-6 for energy equation and less than 10-4 for other variables.

2. Modeling

The schematic diagram of the problem is shown in Fig. 1. The geometry is modeled using
ANSYS Space Claim 18.2.

Flux=1000 W/𝑚2
h=10 W/𝑚2 𝐾
𝑇∞ = 30° 𝐶

𝑇0 = 30℃

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of problem

 The thermal conductivity of air is considered to be independent of temperature because of
the fact that temperature rise from entrance to exit is less than 3˚C. Therefore the variation in
properties of air is very small and negligible within the range of pressure and temperature
involved. No-slip boundary conditions are applied on the duct walls. The thermo-physical
properties of working fluid are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1
Thermo-physical properties of air.
Properties Air
Density (kg/m3) 1.225
Specific Heat (J/kg-K) 1006.43
Thermal Conductivity (W/m 0.0242
K)
Viscosity (Ns/m2) 1.7894e-05

Meshing is done using ANSYS Meshing with a maximum face size of 1e-2m. Hexahedral
mesh is generated with high orthogonal quality. Fig. 2 shows the meshed domain that is to be
analyzed.

Fig. 2 Meshed domain.

 Table 2 specifies the total number of nodes and cells being generated by ANSYS Meshing.
Solution is performed with single precision and parallel computing with 10 compute nodes.
For the given mass flow inlet of 1kg/s the Reynolds number is greater than 4000. So we have
to accommodate turbulence equations along with the 3 basic equations (mass, momentum,
energy).
Table 2
Mesh statistics:

Particular Values

Nodes 1,40,212
Cells 1,00,000

3. Boundary conditions

Inlet boundary condition has been set to mass flow inlet and its value is defined as 1 kg/s
with 30˚C and outlet is set to pressure outlet with zero gauge pressure. The tope surface is set
to convection with heat transfer coefficient of 10 w/m2k along with heat flux of 1000 w/m2.
Rest of the faces are kept to be adiabatic.

4. Results

The solution is performed and the variables obtained are specified in Table 3.

Particular Values
Heat transfer (W) 757.5757
Outlet temperature (˚C) 30.85238
Inlet velocity (m/s) 8.163273
Inlet Absolute pressure (Pa) 101330.6
Outlet Absolute pressure 101325
(Pa)
∆P (Pa) 5.6
Volume flow rate - 𝝑 (m3/s) 0.8163265
 Pumping power = ∆P * 𝝑 4.571428
(W)
Heat loss (W) 242.4243

The total amount of heat transferred to the fluid is 757.57 W and the heat loss through
convection is found to be 242.4243 W. The total pressure drop across the domain is found to
be 5.6 Pa and the pumping power required is found to be 4.57 W. The temperature raise in the
working fluid is found to be 0.8163˚C.

Contours:

Fig. 3. Velocity contour at mid-section.

Fig. 4. Total temperature contour at mid-section.

Graphs:

Surface temperature vs length [ K ]

37.00

36.00

35.00
Surface temperature K

34.00

33.00

32.00

31.00

30.00
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00
Length m

Fig. 5. Surface temperature vs length.

 Surface Heat Transfer Coefficient vs Length
39.00

37.00
Surface heat transfer coefficient

35.00

33.00

31.00

29.00

27.00

25.00
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00
Length

Fig. 5. Surface heat transfer coefficient vs length.

Screen shots of work flow in FLUENT and plotting contours are included below.
Submitted by:-
Rahul Kumar,
2018PGMETE08.