=− + = (1 − ) =

= − = − =−

= ( )+ ( − ) ∆ = ( ∆ )

= ( )+ ln =−

− ( ⁄ )
= =− =
(1⁄ )

= − + + =
, ,

= = ( , )+ ln

∆ = ln ∆ =− ∆

∆ =− ln ∆ =∆ =0

∆ = = ∆ =∆ + ln
,

( ) ( )
= ∆ =− ln =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
∆ = ( )∆
= =
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) dln ∆ ∆
= = =
( ) ( ) "
∆ = − +
=−
"