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Engineering Mechanics
Statics
Branch of Engineering Mechanics, which deals with the forces & their effects, while the
bodies are at rest.
Dynamics
Branch of Engineering Mechanics, which deals with the forces & their effects, while the
bodies are in motion.
Kinetics
Branch of Dynamics, which deals with the bodies in motion due to the application of forces.
Kinematics
Branch of Dynamics, which deals with the bodies is motion without considering the forces
causing the motion.
Scalars & Vectors
Scalars: Quantities which have only magnitude like length, mass, distance, speed etc.
Vectors: Quantities which have both magnitude & direction like force, displacement,
velocity acceleration etc.
Addition of vectors:
AB & BC vectors
Addition of AB & BC vectors
Subtraction of vectors
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Force
A force is a push or pull upon an object resulting from the objects interaction with another
object.
Contact forces
Those types of forces that result when the two interacting objects are perceived to be
physically contacting each other
Example; Frictional forces, tension forces, normal forces, air resistance forces and applied
forces.
Gravitational Force
Newton’s law of gravitation
F α m1m2
F α 1/r2
m1m2
F
r2
G m1m2
or F =
r2
Where G : Gravitational constant
6.67 × 10–11 N m2/kg2
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NOTE:
g at ‘h’ from the surface is same as the g at the depth ‘d = 2h’ below the surface of earth.
Electric force
Coulomb’s law
q1q2
FE = k
r2
Where q1, q2 are charges
r is distance between q1 & q2
9 N / m2
k is coulomb’s law constant = 9 10
C2
like charges repeat each other
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Nuclear force
Strong force that binds neutrons & protons within the nucleus of an atom.
System of forces
Coplanar forces
Forces whose lines of action lies on the same plane
Non-coplanar forces
Forces whose lines of action do not lie on the same plane.
Collinear forces
Forces whose lines of action lie on the same line.
Concurrent forces
Forces, whose lines of action meet at one point They may or may not be collinear &
coplanar
Parallel forces
Forces, whose lines of action are parallel to each other. They may or may not be coplanar.
Non-concurrent & Non-parallel forces
Forces, whose lines of action do not meet or tend to meet at same point. They are also
not parallel to each other.
They may or may not be coplanar.
Resolution of forces
The splitting up the given force into number of components, without changing its effect on
the body is called resolution of a force.
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Σ H = F1 cos θ1 + F2 cos θ2
Σ V = F1 sin θ1 + F2 sin θ2
Resultant force = ( H )2 + ( V )2
V
tan =
H
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