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BOOK 1
How Achilles and Agamemnon quarreled over Briseis, and how Thetis persuaded Zeus to support her son

•Chryses (the preist of apollo ) goes to agammemnon to free his daughter Chryseis.
•Chryses prays to Apollo.
•Apollo punishes the greeks for 9 whole days.
•On the 10th day, Achilles addresses the achaens.
•Calchas, the seer (sees future), addresses the Achaens and asks them to protect him.
•Agamemnon gets angry because of the words of Calchas.
•The exchange of words between Agamemnon and Achilles (They quarrel about the sharing
of prizes/war bounty).
•Nestor(king) addresses Agamemnon and Achilles.
•Agamemnon and Achilles continue to argue
•Agamemnon asks his messengers to get Briseis in exchange of Chryseis.
•Patroclus gives Briseis to the messengers.
•Achilles prays to his mother - Thetis (Narrates what happened for the last 10 days)
*The judgement of Paris
*The Wrath of Achilles
*Thetis - mother of Achilles
•The words of Thetis to her son
- Thetis gave her prhophecy to achilles- shortened lives, achilles' death achilles
cannot return
●Nung kinausap ni Thetis si Zeus aka Juno or Jove
•Ulysses returns Chriseis to her father
•The feast/ Worship
*Animal sacrifices as offerings – feast

SUMMARY
Chapter 1: The scene opens on the last year of the Trojan war. The war had raged for
ten years, with the invading Greeks fighting against Troy. Apollo has sent a plague to the
Greeks because Agamemnon, king and leader of the Greeks, dishonored a daughter of
Apollo's priest. When the reason for the plague is discovered, Agamemnon becomes angry
and defiant, unhappy to give the daughter back to her father to appease Apollo. Achilles, a
superior Greek warrior, challenges Agamemnon's arrogance, but Agamemnon turns his
anger to Achilles, and demands that Achilles give a slave girl to him as a compensation.
Achilles fills with rage, but Athena, Goddess of Wisdom, calms both men down so that they
do not fight with swords. Instead they argue, and Achilles withdraws from the Greek camp,
refusing to fight until Agamemnon apologizes.
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Meanwhile, on Olympus, the home of the gods, the gods are taking sides in the
conflict. Aphrodite persuades Zeus to give glory to the Trojans, if only temporarily. Zeus
agrees, which angers his wife Hera, who favors the Greeks.

BOOK 2
How a Dream came with a message from Zeus, and how the Acheans debated in their camp. The names and
numbers of the two hosts.

 Zeus is kept up at night trying to devise the best plan to honor Achilles by harming
the Achaeans. He decides to send a treacherous dream to Agamemnon. The dream,
taking the form of the wise Nestor, tells Agamemnon that Troy will fall if he attacks
immediately at full strength. Agamemnon awakes, convinced he will finally capture
Troy that day, and he calls an assembly of the army and a meeting of the captains.

 Agamemnon repeats his dream to the assembled captains, and Nestor supports his
plan. Before attacking, Agamemnon decides to test the courage of his soldiers, and
tells the assembled soldiers that despite the original prophecy of Zeus and that fact
that they outnumber the Trojans, the time has come to give up hope of capturing
Troy. He tells his troops that it is time to sail home, and to his dismay, the soldiers
immediately begin to prepare their ships to depart.

 Hera sees the Achaeans preparing to sail, and sends Athena to stop them from
leaving. Athena appears beside Odysseus and tells him to hold the men back from
readying the ships. Recognizing a god, Odysseus runs through the encampment,
telling his fellow captains to stand fast and disciplining the common soldiers. He
manages to marshal the men back into their ranks.

 The armies have regrouped, but one common soldier, Thersites, dissents from the
ranks. He is described as obscene, ugly, and insubordinate. In front of everyone, he
criticizes Agamemnon for hoarding treasure while the soldiers of Achaea are
slaughtered, and suggests that the Achaeans should sail home without him.
Odysseus steps in, reprimands him, and strikes him over the shoulder with
Agamemnon’s scepter. The soldiers laugh at Thersites.

 Odysseus makes a speech to Agamemnon and the troops. He criticizes the men for
being so ready to depart from Troy after all of their hard fighting. Next, he recalls the
former prophecy of Calchas. Before the fleet reached Troy, the army was offering a
sacrifice when they saw a snake crawl up a tree to reach a nest, where it swallowed
eight baby sparrows and the mother, and then turned to stone. Calchas interpreted
this as a sign that Troy would fall after the ninth year of battle. He explained that the
nine sparrows the snake swallowed represented the nine years the Achaians would
have to spend besieging Troy. He then said that they would capture the city in the
tenth year.
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 Odysseus’ speech rallies the armies. Nestor then advises the men to honor their
oaths by continuing the war. He says that any man who tries to sail home will meet
his death, and suggests that the armies organize themselves by tribe, as men fighting
with their kin will show their true bravery. Agamemnon agrees and also expresses
some regret for quarreling with Achilles, stating that the argument came from Zeus,
and that Troy would fall “if the two of us / could ever think as one”.

 Agamemnon orders the men to eat and then ready themselves for battle. The armies
disperse and the men make sacrifices to the gods. Agamemnon sacrifices an ox to
Zeus, praying to defeat the Trojans, but Zeus is not yet prepared to grant his request.
After eating, Nestor and Agamemnon decide to review the armies before they march
out. Athena shines her bright shield on the massing armies, which are described as
being like swarms of flies and flocks of animals under tight control.

 Homer invokes the Muses to help him list the enormous number of kings and armies
of Achaea, beginning what is known as the Catalogue of Ships. The armies are listed
by the region and its chiefs, often with some brief background information about a
hero or a city from which the men came. Homer also gives an indication of strength
by listing the number of ships that sail for each army. Great Ajax is singled out as
the best Achaean soldier after Achilles.

 Later on in the Catalogue, Homer tells us about the Myrmidons—the tribe that
Achilleus leads—and how they are not taking part in the preparations, in solidarity
with their leader. We are told that, even if Achilleus isn't fighting now, the day is
coming when he will again.

 After the Catalogue of Ships comes the Catalogue of Chariots. We think you get the
idea what this is all about. Once again, pay attention to the description of the
Myrmidons, the only ones who are just training, not getting ready to fight.

 As the armies of Achaea storm out to battle, Zeus sends his messenger Iris to Troy,
alerting them to assemble their own armies to meet the Achaeans. Hector breaks up
their meeting of chiefs, and a similar catalogue of the Trojans and their foreign allies
follows. Hector is singled out as the bravest Trojan.

SUMMARY
The Achaean forces, which had been camped outside the walls of Troy for nine
long years trying to defeat the Trojans, were preparing for a final, massive assault on
the city. Though tired, the forces were inspired to try one last attack by Odysseus’
speech.

And if you need a refresher on why the Achaean forces were there to begin
with, remember that the Trojan War started when Paris, son of the Trojan king
Priam, stole Helen, the wife of King Menelaus of Sparta. Menelaus thought of this as
kidnapping, but Paris felt Helen was rightfully his because he had been promised 'the
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most beautiful woman in the world' by the goddess Aphrodite if he voted for her in a
beauty contest.

BOOK 3
How Menelaus and Alexandros fought a duel together, and what came of it

 Trojan Army marches from the city gates to meet the Acheans

 Paris challenged the Acheans to single combat with any of their warriors
 Paris shrinks back into the Trojan ranks when Menelaus stepped forward.
 Hector chastises Paris for his cowardice.
 Paris finally agrees to duel with Menelaus. He says that he'll fight Menelaos one-on-
one; whoever wins can take Helen. Then the war will be over.
 When Hektor announces the terms of Paris's challenge, Menelaos immediately
agrees.
 The two sides take off their armor and sit down on opposite sides of no-man's-land.
 The Goddess Iris, disguised as Laodice, urges Helen to witness the battle to be
fought over her. ( Skaian Gates-the most prominent gates of the city of Troy )
 Agamemnon performs a sacrifice and repeats the terms of the duel. (1 white ; 2
black – 3 lambs)
 Priam asks Helen to Identify the Acheans: Agamemnon, Ajax and Odysseus
 Priam leaves the scene unable to bear watching Paris fight to death.
 Paris and Menelaus begin their duel; Menelaus breaks his sword over Paris’ helmet.
 Aphrodite intervenes and saves Paris (wraps him in a cloud of mist and carries him
back to Troy) , and summons Helen to his room
 Helen mocked Paris for his cowardice at first, but in the end, they make love.
 Agamemnon insists that Menelaus has won the duel ang demands Helen back.
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SUMMARY
Paris boldly strides in the front rank of the Trojan forces, but he hides when he sees
Menelaus, Helen's abandoned husband, in the approaching Achaean army. Hector
denounces Paris for being more beautiful than brave, and Paris doesn't argue. However, his
pride is hurt. He proposes settling the conflict over Helen in single combat with Menelaus.
Hector accepts the challenge, and the goddess Iris summons Helen to watch. Joining Priam
on the walls, she identifies and describes the Achaean champions—Agamemnon, Odysseus,
Great Ajax, and Idomeneus.

Priam offers sacrifices to bind the agreement but cannot bear to stay and watch Paris
be killed. Neither Paris nor Menelaus wound each other with spear throws, and Menelaus's
sword breaks on Paris's helmet. Menelaus gets the upper hand and attempts to strangle
Paris with his helmet strap. At this turn of events, Aphrodite intervenes and saves Paris,
spiriting him away to his bedroom. She then brings a resistant Helen to him. After Helen
mocks Paris's cowardice, they make love. Unable to find Paris, Agamemnon declares
Menelaus the winner and demands Helen's return.

BOOK 4
The first battle between Trojans and Acheans

》The gods sit in council on Mt. Olympus, watching events take place in Troy.
》Zeus concedes that Menelaos won the fight with Paris
》 Hera explodes with anger, saying that she won’t let the duel stop her effort to destroy
Troy.
In turn, Zeus becomes angry, criticizing her relentless desire to raze Troy.
》Zeus tells Hera that when he wishes to destroy a city that Hera likes, she shouldn’t stand
in his way.
》Hera agrees, offering him the Achaean cities of Argos, Sparta, and Mycenae in return for
Troy. Zeus, satisfied with Hera’s offer, agrees to ensure Troy’s destruction.
》Athene joins the Trojan ranks and takes on the shape of a Trojan fighter. In this disguise,
she approaches Pandaros, the archer.
》Athena induces the archer Pandarus to shoot an arrow at Menelaus, promising him gold
and glory.
》Pandarus shoots at Menelaus, but Athena deflects the arrow, causing it to merely graze
its target. It hits him in the hip (Golden belt). Menelaus sees his own blood, but realizes the
wound is not serious. Agamemnon also sees the bleeding and curses the Trojans for
breaking their oath.
》 Agamemnon immediately starts calling out for Machaon, the greatest healer among the
Achaian army.
》Agamemnon goes out on foot among the troops, rousing them to battle.
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》He praises the Cretans who were arming under their captain, Idomeneus, and the Great
Aias and Little Aias for their skill and courage.
》The elder captain Nestor gives advice to his troops, telling them to hold their formation,
and Agamemnon compliments Nestor’s wisdom.
》Agamemnon goads Odysseus, accusing him of hanging back in the ranks. Odysseus tells
him to back off, and not pass judgment until he sees him fighting. Agamemnon says that
he's just teasing him, no offense intended.
》Agamemnon comes up to Diomedes and his buddy Sthenelaos. Agamemnon disses them
severely, saying that their dads were much better warriors than they were.
Agamemnon compared Diomedes to his father Tydeus. Agamemnon tells a story of Tydeus
defeating his enemies in feats of strength. Sthenelus tells Agamemnon that men today are
much stronger than the men of their fathers’ generation, but Diomedes silences him and
remarks that Agamemnon is simply trying to provoke them and urge them to fight.
》The Achaian and Trojan Army are marching towards each other.
The Achaians are marching in silence so they can hear the voices of their commanders. In
contrast, the Trojan ranks are a cacophony of voices in different languages—representing
all the Trojans' allies.
》The armies finally collide in battle, and the bloodshed begins.

SUMMARY
On Olympus, the gods argue over the war. Zeus suggests that the peace hold and Helen go
home with Menelaus, both because Troy is his favorite city and to mock Hera's and
Athena's passion for the death of Trojans. Hera protests she wouldn't object if Zeus
destroyed all her favorite cities, so he shouldn't protest the destruction of Troy. Zeus yields
and sends Athena to provoke Troy to break the truce.

Disguised as a soldier, Athena urges Pandarus, a Trojan archer, to kill Menelaus. His arrow
hits Menelaus in the belt and draws blood, but Athena doesn't actually want Menelaus
dead and prevents a mortal wound. However, the truce is broken. Agamemnon uses praise
and scorn to rouse his troops, and the Achaean army surges in violent waves to the attack.
As gods drive them on, warriors on both sides die in droves.

BOOK 5
How Diomedes did great deeds of valour, and wounded Aphrodite amd Ares himself

 Pandaros wounds Diomedes


 Diomedes prays to Athena for revenge
 Athena bestows Diomedes superhuman strength and extraordinary power to identify
gods on the field of battle
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 Diomedes slaughters all the Trojans he meets
 Diomedes wounds Aeneas
 Diomedes also wounds Aphrodite (wrist)
 Aphrodite’s mother, Dione, heals her
 Zeus warns Aphrodite not to try her hand at warfare again
 Apollo goes to tend to Aeneas in Aphrodite’s stead, Diomedes attacks him as well
 Diomedes breaches his agreement with Athena
 Apollo leaves a replica of Aeneas’ body on the ground and rouses Ares to fight on the
Trojan side
 Trojans begin to take the upper hand in battle
 Hector and Ares prove too much for the Achaeans
 The Trojans Sarpedor kills the Achaean Tlepolemus
 Odysseus kills a lot of Trojans, but Hector kills more Greeks
 Hera and Athena convince Zeus to get them involved in the war
 Athena encourages Diomedes
 Diomedes wounds Ares
 Ares complains to Zeus about his injury, but Zeus counters that he deserves it
 Athena and Hera depart the scene of the battle

SUMMARY
Athena empowers Diomedes, who is one of the best fighters in the Achaean army,
and he sweeps through the Trojan troops. The archer Pandarus shoots him in the shoulder,
but Diomedes appeals to Athena. She willingly renews his strength and gives him the power
to see the gods on the field, telling him not to fight most of them—but go ahead and spear
Aphrodite!
Aeneas and Pandarus go after Diomedes to turn the tide, but Athena guides
Diomedes's spear to kill the archer, and he crushes Aeneas's hip with a boulder. Aeneas's
death is imminent, but Aphrodite appears to carry him away. Remembering Athena's
directive, Diomedes stalks the goddess and slashes her wrist. Aphrodite screams, drops
Aeneas, and flees to her mother. Luckily, Apollo takes over, bringing Aeneas to be healed
and later returning him to battle. Apollo also brings Ares back to fight for the Trojans
because an Achaean just wounded his sister.
As the fighting continues, heroes on each side take vengeance for the deaths of their
men. Diomedes warns the Achaeans to avoid Hector—Ares is helping him. After a number
of clashes, the Achaeans start to fall back. Alarmed, Hera and Athena gear up for war and
secure Zeus's permission to deal Ares a "stunning blow." Hera shames the Achaeans,
recalling that Achilles never let the Trojans out of their gates. Athena helps Diomedes spear
Ares in the stomach. The god of war flees to Olympus, and Hera and Athena follow, having
accomplished their goal.

BOOK 6
How Paris was brought back into battle, and how hector parted from Andromache
Lizeth Gutierrez 10 - Darwin
 The battle rages on.
 At one point, the Trojan warrior Adrestos is thrown from his chariot when it crashes.
 Menelaos goes up to him to kill him, but Adrestos begs for mercy. He says his father
will be able to pay a big ransom if Menelaos takes him alive.
 Menelaos is about to spare him, when Agamemnon comes along and starts calling his
brother a wuss. "What did the Trojans ever do for you?" He says. "We should kill
them all."
 Unfortunately, Menelaos gives in to peer pressure and knocks Adrestos away from
him. Agamemnon then spears him, killing him.
 Now Nestor comes along and tells the soldiers to stop wasting their time stealing
things from the bodies of their enemies. His point could be summed up as: "Less
grabbing, more stabbing!"
 The Trojans are about to retreat when Helenos, a son of Priam, goes up to Aineias
and Hektor and tells them to rally the troops and fight in front of Troy's gates.
 Helenos also adds a special message for Hektor: he should go back to the city and tell
the older women to find the best, loveliest robe they can, and present it to the statue
of Athene in the temple on the heights. They should also promise to sacrifice twelve
young female cows in her honor. In return, they should pray for the goddess to
protect them from Diomedes.
 Helenos says the Trojans are now more afraid of Diomedes than they ever were of
Achilleus.
 Hektor does as he's told. First he rallies the Trojans, then he tells them to hold out
while he goes on his mission. Then he heads off.
 Now, the Trojan warrior Glaukos is about to engage in battle with Diomedes.
Diomedes, impressed with his opponent's courage, asks him who he is. (He also
wants to make sure that he isn't a god—he's done enough fighting with divinities for
one day.)
 Glaukos first says, "Who cares who I am? People are born and die all the time like
leaves." After that, though, he mellows out a bit and tells a long story about his
ancestor.
 Glaukos's story goes back to the city of Corinth in the region of Argos. Back in the
day, the queen of Argos had the hots for Bellerophontes, a young warrior. (If his
name rings a bell, you might know him by the more usual English spelling of
"Bellerophon.") Bellerophontes, however, being an honorable man, wouldn't mess
around with the king's wife.
 Feeling rejected, the queen decided to get back at Bellerophontes by telling the king
that he had been putting the moves on her.
 The king of Argos didn't like the sound of this one bit. He decided to send
Bellerophontes on a mission to Lykia. He gave him some tablets to take with him, on
which were scratched symbols instructing the king of Lykia to do something nasty to
Bellerophontes.
 (This story is the origin of the expression "Bellerophontic letters," in which someone
is made the unwitting bearer of a message harmful to them. For a parallel, think of
what happens to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern in Shakespeare's Hamlet.
Alternatively, think of a time when you tricked someone—or maybe were tricked
yourself?—into saying something stupid in a foreign language.)
 When Bellerophontes arrived in Lykia, the king asked to see his references. As soon
as he read what they said, he immediately sent Bellerophontes off to do battle with
the horrible Chimaira—a beast with the head of a lion, the body of a goat, and the tail
of a snake. The king was pretty sure that would finish him off.
 (This creature is better known in English by its Latin spelling, "Chimera." In fact,
"chimera" —uncapitalized—is a common English noun. Check out its definition here.)
 Fortunately (or unfortunately, depending on your perspective), Bellerophontes
defeated the Chimaira handily. He also made light work of the next enemies the king
sent him to fight: the tribe of the Solymoi, and the Amazons, a tribe of female
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warriors. He even defeated an ambush the king set to kill him on his way back to
Lykia.
 When Bellerophontes got back, the king was so impressed that he said, "Hey! You're
awesome! I don't want you to die—I want you to marry my daughter! And stay with
me here in Lykia!" (Or something to that effect.)
 Bellerophontes apparently thought this was a good way to patch things up, because
Glaukos tells us that he and the princess of Lykia did settle down, and ended up
having three children. The children's names were Isandros, Hippolochos, and
Laodameia.
 Here's how they turned out. Isandros was killed by the god Ares. Laodameia had a
fling with the god Zeus, and became the mother of Sarpedon, whom we've met
already. Hippolochos was the father of Glaukos. In this way, Glaukos finally wraps
up his story.
 When Diomedes hears this, he is overjoyed. It turns out that his grandfather, a guy
called Oeneus, once hosted Glaukos at his place back in Argos. They also exchanged
gifts. This means that they were bound by ties of "guest-friendship," a very sacred
relationship.
 Okay, this calls out for explanation. That's why we interrupt our program (hey, if
Glaukos can do it with his long family tree, why can't we?) to bring you the following
Historical Context Lesson.
 The good thing is, "guest-friendship" (called xenia in Ancient Greek) isn't all that
complicated. Basically, it was a form of ritual friendship between members of
different clans or social groups. Such friendships often sprang up between travelers
and their hosts—hence the name. The start of such a friendship would be symbolized
by some sort of ritual, often including the exchange of gifts.
 Once this ritual had been performed, the guest-friends were linked by a bond similar
to that of family. Just like a family connection, the guest-friendship connection was
passed on the offspring of the respective guest-friends—just like what happens with
Glaukos and Diomedes. This brings us to the end of our Historical Context Lesson.
 Because Diomedes and Glaukos now regard each other as family, this makes it pretty
much impossible for them to kill each other. (As Diomedes puts it, there are plenty of
other people on each side for them to kill.) Instead, the two warriors exchange armor
as a token of respect. (Though we are also told that Zeus confuses Glaukos so that he
gets the short end of the stick—exchanging his own gold armor for Diomedes's
bronze.) Then they part ways.
 Meanwhile, Hektor has arrived back at Troy. First he heads to the palace of his
father, King Priam.
 There Hektor finds Hekabe, his mother. She tries to get him to relax with some wine
and make a sacrifice to the gods. He says, "No way, I've got more important axing to
do. And anyway, if I was going to make a sacrifice I'd have to clean myself up and
stuff." Instead, he repeats Helenos's message about the women offering a robe to
Athene.
 Hekabe and the other women pick out their finest robe, and go up to Athene's
temple. There, they make their sacrifice and pray for success. We are told the
goddess ignores their prayer.
 At the same time, Hektor goes and finds Paris back in his house. He cusses him out
for not fighting.
 Paris says he accepts the criticism—but also claims he was just about to head back
to the fighting. He says Helen was just getting him ready
 At this point, Helen approaches Hektor and tells him how she wishes she had either
had a better husband or had died in infancy, instead of causing so much trouble.
She also tells Hektor to relax with her.
 Hektor says that he has to go see his wife and son.
 When Hektor arrives at home, however, his wife and child aren't there. A servant tells
him they have gone to the Skaian Gates.
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 Sure enough, once Hektor gets there, he finds Andromache holding their baby son,
Skamandrios, whom the citizens have nicknamed "Astyanax," meaning "Lord of the
City."
 Andromache asks Hektor why he has to keep fighting. She predicts that he will be
killed in battle. She explains that Hektor is all she has in the world—after her father
and brothers were all killed by Achilleus. (Andromache mentions that Achilleus had
the decency to give her father a proper burial —this is important to keep in mind for
later in the book.)
 She also tells Hektor how her mother was once taken prisoner by Achilleus and held
for ransom. Soon after she was released, however, she was killed by disease.
 Andromache suggests that Hektor should make the Trojans pull back to fight from a
defensive position in front of the weakest point in the Trojan walls. This is the same
place where a large fig tree grows.
 Hektor says that he is troubled by the same thoughts as his wife. All the same, he
insists on following the warrior's code. He grimly foresees the day on which Troy will
be conquered, and when his wife will be forced into slavery. He says he would rather
die before that day.
 Now Hektor goes to embrace his son, but the boy is terrified of his helmet. This
makes his parents laugh. Hektor removes his helmet, picks up his son, and prays to
Zeus to make him a better warrior than his father.
 At this point Hektor tries to reassure Andromache, saying that, if he is killed, that
means it was fated, and no one can escape the fates. He tells her to go back to her
weaving work in the home.
 Andromache appears to obey her husband, but when she gets home, instead of
working, she leads the household women in mourning for Hektor—even though he is
still alive.
 Meanwhile, Hektor meets up with Paris, who is now enthusiastic about rejoining the
battle.
 Hektor encourages Paris, telling him that he's a good warrior, he just has to keep his
chin up.

SUMMARY
As the Achaeans drive the Trojans back toward their gates, Menelaus catches a
Trojan charioteer. The Trojan begs to be ransomed, and Menelaus is moved to grant the
request. But Agamemnon wants "all Ilium blotted out"—no one will be spared. Together
they kill the begging Trojan.
On the advice of his brother Helenus, a seer, Hector returns to Troy to ask the queen
to make an offering to Athena. Meanwhile, Diomedes and Glaucus (a Trojan ally) meet on
the battlefield. Diomedes wonders who Glaucus is because he's never noticed him before.
Glaucus recites his lineage, and they discover their forefathers once exchanged friendship
gifts. The two fighters also declare friendship and exchange armor.
Inside Troy, Hector rouses Paris to join the fighting and then he visits his wife,
Andromache, and baby son, Astyanax. Andromache fears for Hector, wanting him to
withdraw from the fighting, but his honor will not let him—he would "die of shame." The
horsehair on his helmet frightens his son when he moves to hug him. He removes it and
throws the boy into the air, and the family shares a moment of laughter. As Hector returns
to battle, Andromache grieves as if he were already dead.

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