Professional Documents
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plain bearings
Catalogue 2016/2017
Original
KS PERMAGLIDE ®
plain bearings
Motorservice Group
Quality and service from a single source
The Motorservice Group is the sales organisation for the worldwide aftermarket activities
of Rheinmetall Automotive. It is a leading supplier of engine components for the inde-
pendent aftermarket. With the premium brands KOLBENSCHMIDT, PIERBURG, TRW Engine
Components and the BF brand, Motorservice offers its customers a wide and comprehen-
sive range of top quality products from a single source. Motorservice is also a sales partner
for maintenance-free and low-maintenance KS PERMAGLIDE® plain bearings and other
components for industry and technical trade.
KS Gleitlager
Within the Rheinmetall Automotive Group, KS Gleitlager is the specialist for high-precision
bearings. The introduction of new technologies in production and surface finishing,
innovative material developments and a clear customer focus have made KS Gleitlager
one of the world’s leading suppliers of engine plain bearings and dry plain bearings
(KS PERMAGLIDE®).
Rheinmetall Automotive
Renowned supplier to the international automotive industry
Rheinmetall Automotive is the mobility division of the technology corporation Rheinmetall
Group. With its premium brands KOLBENSCHMIDT, PIERBURG and Motorservice, Rheinmetall
Automotive is a global leader in the relevant markets for air supply systems, emission
control and pumps and in the development, manufacture and spare-parts supply of pistons,
engine blocks and plain bearings. Low pollutant emissions, good fuel economy, r eliability,
PERMAGLIDE® is a registered trademark
of KS Gleitlager GmbH quality and safety are the main driving forces behind the innovations of Rheinmetall
5th edition 02/2016 (082016) Automotive.
Article no. 50 003 863-02
Editorial department:
Motorservice, Product Management
Contents Page
1| Material overview 4
2| Designations and units 8
3| KS PERMAGLIDE® plain bearings 9
3.1 Introduction material P1 10
3.2 Introduction material P2 15
10 | Test methods 72
Materials KS PERMAGLIDE® P1
• Unleaded
• Compliant with Directive 2002/95/EC
(RoHS)
• Very good corrosion resistance
• All other properties similar to P14
* On request
Models KS PERMAGLIDE® P1
PAP bushes PAF flange bushes PAW thrust washers PAS strips
PAP P14, PAP P147* PAF P14, PAF P147* PAW P14, PAW P147* PAS P14, PAS P147*
Materials KS PERMAGLIDE® P2
* On request
Models KS PERMAGLIDE® P2
PAP P20, PAP P22*, PAP P23*, PAP P200, PAW P20, PAW P22*, PAW P23*, PAW P200, PAS P20, PAS P22*, PAS P23*, PAS P200,
PAP P202*, PAP P203* PAW P202*, PAW P203* PAS P202*, PAS P203*
Plain bearings are used to absorb and Plain bearings must satisfy many speeds and be insensitive to disturbances
convey forces between components that requirements. They must be capable of from the bearing environment.
move relative to one another. They tolerating high mechanical loads to the Fig. 1 shows just how complex a tribolo
determine the position of the moved greatest possible extent, while suffering gical system can be, at the centre of which
components in relation to one another and only minimal wear throughout their service a plain bearing is working.
ensure accuracy of the movement. life. They must also withstand high sliding
In terms of the operating mode, we quantity of grease applied during installation Here, too, calculating the service life is not
distinguish between three different is normally sufficient for the entire service life. sufficiently precise.
functional systems: If a grease-lubricated plain bearing is used in The common practice of calculating service
• Dry-running, maintenance-free plain difficult conditions, subsequent lubrication is life using simple methods and taking into
bearings recommended. Correctly timed relubricating account influencing factors (such as specific
• Grease-lubricated, low-maintenance plain intervals can considerably lengthen the load, sliding speed, temperature, etc.) can
bearings service life. provide only approximate standard values.
• Hydrodynamically operated plain b earings It is therefore recommended to verify the
Due to the many influencing factors, design and layout of both maintenance-free,
Plain bearings that work on the principles of however, calculating the expected service dry-running plain bearings and low-
hydrodynamics can satisfy the various life of grease-lubricated plain bearings is maintenance ones through field-oriented
requirements comparatively well. In this way, fraught with uncertainty and can only be tests.
oil-lubricated plain bearings in particular can used as a guide.
be designed for optimum, reliable operation But in many cases, lubrication using oil or The sections that follow discuss the special
with the aid of modern calculation methods. grease is not possible or not permitted. In functional models of maintenance-free and
Low-maintenance plain bearings are cases like this, maintenance-free, dry- low-maintenance plain bearings.
generally lubricated with grease. The running plain bearings are employed.
The P1 material group includes the Materials in the P1 group consist of a steel
materials P10, P11, P14 and P147. or bronze back, a sintered sliding layer of Solid lubricant
P10 and P11 contain lead in the bronze special bronze with a layer thickness of
sliding layer and the lubricant mass. 0.2 mm to 0.35 mm and a solid lubricant
P14 and P147 are unleaded. mass. The bronze sliding layer is sintered in
Bronze sliding layer
such a way as to achieve a porosity volume
of approx. 30%. A solid lubricant mixture –
usually PTFE with bulking agents – is rolled
in and sintered through the gaps in the
Bearing back
porous sliding layer. The solid lubricant
mixture completely fills the cavities and Fig. 2: P1 layer system
forms a running-in layer up to 0.03 mm
thick above the bronze sliding layer (Fig. 2).
Initial state
The cavities in the bronze sliding layer are
completely filled with solid lubricant, and
4 the running-in layer above the bronze
3 sliding layer is still in perfect condition
2
5 (Fig. 4).
Wear
Durability Time
Running-in phase
Fig. 3: Wear curve of P1 plain bearing (schematic) /1/ Fig. 4: Condition of sliding surface in the
initial state
1 Initial condition
Bearing back temperature
2 End of run-in
2
Friction value
Time
Fig. 6: Material transfer Fig. 7: Oscillation characteristic of friction value and temperature
Service life and operational safety are These two variables interact with one Standard function limits:
determined by many different influences, another. Fig. 10 shows the maximum
which also interact with one another. The permitted pv value for P1 plain bearings in
most important influencing factors and limit the form of a limit curve. If the specific P10, P11
values are explained below. bearing stress and sliding speed lie within 0.03 m/s <v≤ 2 m/s
this limit curve, it is basically safe to assume 0.1 MPa < p ≤ 56 MPa
Maximum permitted pv value that the P1 plain bearing is suitable for use. P14
The pv value is the product of specific 0.03 m/s <v≤ 1 m/s
bearing stress p [MPa] and sliding
0.1 MPa < p ≤ 56 MPa
speed v [m/s].
P147
0.03 m/s <v≤ 0.8 m/s
0.1 MPa < p ≤ 56 MPa
Fig. 10: pv value [MPa · m/s], limit curve (values apply at room temperature)
Specific bearing stress Maximum specific bearing stress p[MPa] Sliding speed v [m/s]
At the maximum permitted specific bearing P10, P11 P14 P147
stress and the respective maximum Static 250 MPa – –
permitted sliding speed, the following Concentrated load at rest, uniform 140 MPa ≤ 0.013 m/s ≤ 0.011 m/s ≤ 0.010 m/s
threshold values apply to a maintenance- movement
free, dry-running P1 plain bearing: Concentrated load at rest, rotating, 56 MPa ≤ 0.032 m/s ≤ 0.029 m/s ≤ 0.025 m/s
oscillating
Concentrated load, circumferential 28 MPa ≤ 0.064 m/s ≤ 0.057 m/s ≤ 0.050 m/s
load, increasing, rotating, oscillating
Sliding speed bearing and the shaft. It is of paramount correspondingly high wear. However, the
For maintenance-free, leaded P1 plain importance in a tribological system, and in bearing temperature is also dependent
bearings, the sliding speed v during dry combination with the specific bearing upon the sliding speed. If the tribological
running is limited to max. 2 m/s. For stress is a determining factor for the area of system no longer enjoys a state of thermal
unleaded P1 plain bearings, the maximum application of a plain bearing assembly. equilibrium as the result of an excessive
sliding speed vmax. is 1 m/s for P14 and See also Fig. 10: pv value limit curve. A high sliding speed, the permitted stress limit is
0.8 m/s for P147. In a plain bearing sliding speed exerts a particular influence exceeded.
assembly, the sliding speed is understood on bearing wear. The long sliding distance
as the relative speed in m/s between the during the operating period gives rise to
Friction, bearing stress, sliding speed Specific bearing stress Sliding speed Coefficient of friction
These three variables interact with one p [MPa] v [m/s] μ [1]
another. This relationship tends to manifest 140 up to 250 high up to 0.001 low 0.03 low
as follows: 140 up to 60 0.001 up to 0.005 0.04 up to 0.07
60 up to 10 0.005 up to 0.05 0.07 up to 0.1
10 up to 1 0.050 up to 0.5 0.10 up to 0.15
up to 1 low 0.500 up to 2 high 0.15 up to 0.25 high
Friction and interacting sliding parts a special coating. This is particularly the effects, squeaking noises and problems
(material and surface) case under higher stresses or at higher during operation.
The operational safety and service life of a sliding speeds. If the surface of the interacting sliding part
maintenance-free bearing position depend The surface roughness of the interacting is too rough, on the other hand, the
not only on the load collective, but also on sliding part is also extremely important in available solid lubricant in the plain
the material and surface of the interacting respect of the reliability and service life of bearing is no longer adequate for producing
sliding part. The materials of the interacting the tribological pairing. a sealed film of lubricant on the interacting
sliding parts may exert a considerable The most favourable friction conditions sliding part. The consequence is abrasion,
influence on the wear properties and thus are achieved with a surface roughness of together with increased friction, a rise in
the service life of a maintenance-free, dry- Rz0.8 to Rz1.5. If the surface is excessively temperature and increased wear.
running P1 plain bearing. It is basically smooth, insufficient solid lubricant is
advantageous in terms of service life to deposited on the interacting sliding part.
employ interacting sliding parts with a Adhesion repeatedly occurs during the
hardened sliding surface, or one featuring sliding movement, resulting in stick-slip
Friction and temperature If the operating temperature rises, the shear generally slides against a longer area of the
(ambient temperature) strength diminishes proportionately. /2/ interacting sliding part. This causes more
The operating temperature range within If the shear stress occurring in the contact friction heat to be dissipated via the
which a maintenance-free plain bearing zone due to the friction process is greater interacting sliding part. Therefore, higher
system works is important for operational than the shear strength of PTFE, the sliding speeds are possible here than with
safety and service life. This is particularly lubricating film in the contact zone shears rotating or swivelling movements.
the case because the mechanical off, which can lead to rapid failure.
properties of the solid lubricant so vital to Hydrodynamic operation
the performance of a plain bearing change Sliding movement and load type P1 plain bearings may also run under
with variations in temperature. Thus, the The load type – concentrated or hydrodynamic conditions.
friction value is slightly lower at an circumferential – is also a factor in Motorservice offers the relevant
operating temperature of approx. 100 °C combination with rotating or swivelling calculations as a service.
than at room temperature. If the operating motion. Concentrated load is the result of
temperature rises much over 100 °C, this a moving shaft and stationary housing and
effect is reversed. The friction value rises bearing bush. With circumferential load,
and can be up to 50% greater than the the housing and bearing bush move around
value at room temperature. This causes a the stationary shaft or axle. Rotating or
change in the bearing temperature, and swivelling movements under uniform stress
consequently the mechanical properties of principally produce wear, whereby the wear
the solid lubricant. The element of solid rate for bearing positions with circumferential
lubricant important for friction is the load can be much lower than for bearing
polymer PTFE. The shear strength of PTFE, positions subject to concentrated load. If
above all, is responsible for forming and the bearing position is subject to high-
maintaining the lubricating film on the frequency load changes or vibrations, this
interacting sliding part. However, the shear effect can be intensified by material fatigue.
strength of PTFE is temperature-dependent Where movements are linear, the bearing
(Fig. 11).
PTFE shear strength τs [MPa]
Temperature [°C]
The material in P2 plain bearings consists 0.08 mm to 0.2 mm thick above the The thickness and contours of the sliding
of a steel back, a 0.2 mm to 0.35 mm thick compound layer, depending on the layer may also vary. Details on this subject
bronze compound layer and a thermoplastic intended purpose. can be found in the material data sheets of
resin with bulking agents as a sliding layer. Two different sliding layer compositions this catalogue.
The resin sliding layer is embedded in the exist within the P2 material group:
cavities (pore volume~50%) of the bronze • P20, P22, P23 with lead
compound layer, and forms a sliding surface • P200, P202, P203 unleaded
Low-maintenance P2 plain bearings are lubricant. The friction value decreases pockets (in conformity with DIN ISO 3547),
generally used in applications with lifetime during the sliding movement, assuming sufficient lubricant is available for the
lubrication. For this purpose, the oil values of between 0.02 and 0.15. expected period of operation. The friction
distributing pockets in the sliding surface The sliding surfaces of the bearing and value and temperature remain virtually
are completely filled with lubricant (grease) interacting sliding part simultaneously constant for a longer period. The wear rate
during assembly. adapt accordingly, i.e. unevenness in the is minimal. This applies to low to medium
material is worked off. This rubbed off strain.
Run-in material is largely deposited in the oil At higher stress or in difficult operating
At the beginning of the sliding movement, distributing pockets, and is initially no conditions, however, regular relubrication
the grease in the sliding surface is longer relevant to wear. of the bearing position is recommended.
transferred onto the interacting sliding Correctly timed relubricating intervals
partner (shaft). The two sliding surfaces are Continuous operation reduce the wear rate and increase oper
therefore separated by a thin layer of Due to the design of the oil distributing ational safety and service life accordingly.
Compound layer
The service life and reliability of a low- Range of application of service life thermal equilibrium is reached during
maintenance plain bearing assembly are calculation: operation, i.e. the plain bearing system still
influenced not only by operating and works reliably and safely. If the stress or
ambient conditions, but also the lubricating P20 sliding speed increases beyond the limit
conditions (grease, oil). As a rule, several 0.04 m/s <v≤ 3 m/s curve, no thermal equilibrium can be
influencing factors occur simultaneously 0.1 MPa < p ≤ 70 MPa reached. The wear intensity and
and are also interdependent. The most P200 temperature increase and the bearing may
important influencing factors and limit 0.04 m/s <v≤ 3.3 m/s fail within a short time. P2 plain bearings
values are explained below. must be lubricated. Depending on the
0.1 MPa < p ≤ 70 MPa
lubricant, service life may be lengthened.
Maximum permitted pv value The limit curve shown here applies to
The pv value is the product of the specific The limit curve indicates that at the lithium-soap grease, mineral oil-based
bearing stress p[MPa] and the sliding speed respective specific bearing stress p [MPa] grease and a temperature of 20 °C.
v [m/s]. These two variables interact with and associated sliding speed v [m/s],
one another. Fig. 14 shows the maximum
permitted pv value for grease-lubricated P2
plain bearings in the form of a limit curve.
If the specific bearing stress and sliding
Specific bearing stress p [MPa]
* On request
Material selection plan. Applies to dry-running and grease-lubricated plain bearings. For hydrodynamic operation, Motorservice offers
calculation and material selection as a service.
Input variables
The adjacent input variables are normally set out in the specification or are calculated (shaft). • Bearing stress [MPa]
As an initial approximation, the bearing width must be provisionally determined as a function • Shaft diameter [mm]
of the shaft in this plan. • Engine speed [rpm]
• Swivel angle [°]
• Oscillating frequency [rpm]
• Bearing width [mm]
Yes No
Maintenance-free?
Yes No Yes No
Unleaded required?
Calculate
(sec 5.1):
p [MPa] [ 4 ], [ 5 ] [ 4 ], [ 5 ] [ 4 ], [ 5 ] [ 4 ], [ 5 ] [ 4 ], [ 5 ] [ 4 ], [ 5 ]
v [m/s] [ 6 ], [ 7 ], [ 6 ], [ 7 ], [ 6 ], [ 7 ], [ 6 ], [ 7 ], [ 6 ], [ 7 ], [ 6 ], [ 7 ],
[ 8 ], [ 9 ] [ 8 ], [ 9 ] [ 8 ], [ 9 ] [ 8 ], [ 9 ] [ 8 ], [ 9 ] [ 8 ], [ 9 ]
pv [MPa · m/s] [ 10 ] [ 10 ] [ 10 ] [ 10 ] [ 10 ] [ 10 ]
Check:
v [m/s] perm. ≤ 0.8 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 2.0 ≤ 2.0 ≤ 3.3 ≤ 3.0
pv [MPa · m/s] perm.
≤ 1.4 ≤ 1.6 ≤ 1.8 ≤ 1.8 ≤ 3.3 ≤ 3.0
(reduce clearance)
P200 P20
Suitable material P147* P14 P11 P10 P202* P222)
P203* P23*
1)
P1 group bushes cannot be remachined. They can be calibrated without cutting, but this reduces service life (Tab. 37)
2)
Applies to P20/P200 material only *
On request
1 Running-in layer
PTFE matrix with bulking
agent ¹)
Layer thickness [mm]: max. 0.03
2 Sliding layer
Tin-lead-bronze
Layer thickness [mm]: 0.20-0.35
Pore volume [%]: approx. 30
3 Bearing back
Steel
Steel thickness [mm]: Variable
Steel hardness [HB]: 100-180
1)
The pores of the sliding layer are also filled with this lubricant mass.
2 Sliding layer Pb 56
Sliding layer
Tin-bronze
Layer thickness [mm]: 0.20-0.35 Components % weight
Pore volume [%]: approx. 30
Sn 9 to 11
3 Bearing back
Cu Remainder
Bronze
Bronze thickness [mm]: Variable Bearing back
Bronze hardness [HB]: 80-160
Material Material information
Tab. 7: System composition P11 Fig. 16: Layer system P11 Bronze CuSn 6
DIN 17662
1)
The pores of the sliding layer are also filled with this lubricant mass.
1 Running-in layer
PTFE matrix with bulking
agent¹)
Layer thickness [mm]: max. 0.03
2 Sliding layer
Tin-bronze
Layer thickness [mm]: 0.20-0.35
Pore volume [%]: approx. 30
3 Bearing back
Steel
Steel thickness [mm]: Variable
Steel hardness [HB]: 100-180
Fig. 17: Layer system
Tab. 10: System composition
1)
The pores of the sliding layer are also filled with this lubricant mass.
1)
P147 satisfies the requirements of the salt spray test to DIN 50021
1 Running-in layer
PTFE matrix with bulking
agent¹)
Layer thickness [mm]: max. 0.03
2 Sliding layer
Tin-bronze
Layer thickness [mm]: 0.20-0.35
Pore volume [%]: approx. 30
3 Bearing back
Steel
Steel thickness [mm]: Variable
Steel hardness [HB]: 100-180
Fig. 18: Layer system
Tab. 13: System composition
1)
The pores of the sliding layer are also filled with this lubricant mass.
Note:
Materials P22 and P23 are available
on request.
1 Sliding layer
PVDF matrix with bulking
agents¹)
Layer thickness [mm]: 0.08-0.20
2 Intermediate layer
Tin-bronze
Layer thickness [mm]: 0.20-0.35
Pore volume [%]: approx. 50
3 Bearing back
Steel
Steel thickness [mm]: Variable
Steel hardness [HB]: 100-180
1)
The cavities of the intermediate sliding layer are also filled with this mass.
Note:
Material Versions Materials P202 and P203 are
Ready to install Oil distributing pockets Machining allowance available on request.
P200 • •
P202 •
P203 •
1 Sliding layer
PVDF matrix with bulking
agents¹)
Layer thickness [mm]: 0.08-0.20
2 Intermediate layer
Tin-bronze
Layer thickness [mm]: 0.20-0.35
Pore volume [%]: approx. 50
3 Bearing back
Steel
Steel thickness [mm]: Variable
Steel hardness [HB]: 100-180
1)
The cavities of the intermediate sliding layer are also filled with this mass.
Based on the above information about the plain bearings, the equations below
influences on the service life and can be used to achieve an estimate of the
operational safety of KS PERMAGLIDE® expected service life.
400
[ 1 ] Movement: rotating, oscillating LN = fA · fp · fv · fT · fw · fR [h]
(pv)1.2
400
[ 2 ] Movement: linear LN = fA · fp · fv · fT · fw · fR · fL [h]
(pv)1.2
2000
[ 3 ] Movement: rotating, oscillating LN = fA · fp · fv · fT · fw · fR [h]
(pv)1.5
Movement: linear
The calculation of the nominal service life during linear movement under lubrication is not
particularly useful due to influences which cannot be precisely recorded (e.g. soiling,
ageing of lubricant etc.). Motorservice offers an advisory service here, based on practical
experience.
F
[ 4 ] Specific bearing stress, bush p= [MPa]
Di · B
4·F
[ 5 ] Specific bearing stress, thrust washer p= [MPa]
(Do –Di2) · π
2
Di · Π · n
[ 6 ] Sliding speed, bush rotating v= [m/s]
60 · 103
Do · Π · n
[ 7 ] Sliding speed, thrust washer, rotating v= [m/s]
60 · 103
Di · π 2φ · nosz
[ 8 ] Sliding speed, bush, oscillating v= · [m/s]
60 · 10 3
360°
Do · π 2φ · nosz
[ 9 ] Sliding speed, thrust washer, v= · [m/s]
oscillating 60 · 10 3
360°
A
B
Correction factors P1 P2
fp = specific bearing stress Fig. 24 Fig. 28
ft = temperature Fig. 25 Fig. 29
fv = sliding speed Fig. 26 Fig. 30
fR = roughness depth Fig. 27 Fig. 31
fA = load type Fig. 32 Fig. 32
fw = material Tab. 24 Tab. 24
fL = linear movement [ 11 ] Fig. 33 ---
P10, P11
P14
P147
P10, P11
P14
P147
P10, P11
P14
P147
P10, P11
P14
P147
*
On request
Correction factors for P20, P22*, P23* and P200, P202*, P203*
Correction factor load fp
P20
P200
P20
P200
*
On request
Correction factors for P20, P22*, P23* and P200, P202*, P203*
Correction factor speed fv
P20
P200
P20
P200
*
On request
Remedy:
• Seal the bearing Fig. 37: P
2 plain bearing, grooves in the sliding surface
• Place a filter upstream if using liquid
lubrication
Remedy:
• Force-fitting device with pre-centring
(auxiliary ring)
• Optimised pressfit between housing bore
and bearing outside diameter
• Avoid dirt
• Make sure bush is not inclined when
force-fitting
• Use suitable lubricant Fig. 38: L ocal extreme wear due to installation errors
7.1 Housing
Bushes
KS PERMAGLIDE® bushes are pressed into
the housing and fixed radially and axially.
No further measures are required.
For the housing bore, we recommend:
• Roughness depth Rz10
• Chamfer fG 20° ±5°
This chamfer facilitates force-fitting. 20° ±5°
R
Attention:
The temperature of the running-in or
sliding layer must not exceed +280 °C for
the KS PERMAGLIDE® P1 and +140 °C for min. 0.25
KS PERMAGLIDE® P2. Adhesive must not
reach the running-in or sliding layer.
Recommendation: Obtain information on
gluing from adhesive manufacturers,
particularly concerning the choice of
adhesive, preparing the surface, setting,
strength, temperature range and strain
characteristics.
Fig. 42: A
ttaching a PAW thrust washer without a recess in the housing
Shaft
Shafts must be chamfered and all sharp 1 Direction of rotation of shaft
edges rounded, which: during use
• Simplifies mounting 2 Direction of rotation of 1
• Prevents damage to the bush sliding grinding disc
3
layer 3 Direction of rotation of shaft
Shafts must never have grooves or pricks in during grinding optional
the area of the sliding zone.
Fig. 43: Grinding a cast shaft
Interacting sliding surface
Optimum service life thanks to correct
roughness depth • With KS PERMAGLIDE® P1 and P2, • Spheroidal graphite iron (GGG) has an
• Optimum service life is achieved when corrosion on the interacting sliding open surface structure, and should
the interacting sliding surface has a surface is prevented by: therefore be ground to Rz2 or better.
roughness depth of Rz0.8 to Rz1.5: • sealing, Fig. 43 shows the direction of rotation of
• with dry-running KS PERMAGLIDE® P1 • use of corrosion-resistant steel, cast shafts in use. This should be the
• with lubrication on KS PERMAGLIDE® • suitable surface treatment. same as the direction of rotation of the
P2. With KS PERMAGLIDE® P2, the lubricant is grinding disc, as more wear will occur in
also effective against corrosion. the opposite direction.
Attention:
Smaller roughness depths do not Surface quality Hydrodynamic operation
prolong the service life and may even cause • Ground or drawn surfaces are preferable For hydrodynamic operation, the roughness
adhesive wear. Larger roughness depths • Precision-turned or precision-turned and depth Rz of the interacting sliding surface
are significantly reduced. roller burnished surfaces, even with Rz0.8 should be less than the smallest lubricating
to Rz1.5, can cause greater wear film thickness.
(precision turning produces spiral scores) Motorservice offers hydrodynamic
calculation as a service.
Gaskets
Protecting the bearing position is
1 2 3
recommended in the event of greater
exposure to dirt or in the case of an
aggressive environment.
Fig. 44 shows recommended gasket types:
• The surrounding gasket (1)
• A gap gasket (2)
• A shaft seal (3)
• A ring of grease
Heat dissipation
Thorough heat dissipation must be
assured.
• In hydrodynamic operation, heat is
mainly conveyed away by the lubricating
liquid. Fig. 44: Gaskets
• In dry and grease-lubricated plain
bearings, the heat is also dissipated by
the housing and shaft. Attention:
Machining temperatures that exceed
Machining the bearing elements the following limits are hazardous to
• KS PERMAGLIDE® plain bearings can be health:
cut or can be machined in other ways +280 °C for KS PERMAGLIDE® P1
(e.g. shortening, bending or boring) +140 °C for KS PERMAGLIDE® P2
• KS PERMAGLIDE® plain bearings should Chips may contain lead.
preferably be cut from the PTFE side. The
burrs produced during cutting would
impair the sliding surface.
• Bearing elements must be cleaned after
machining.
• Bare steel surfaces (cut edges) must be
protected against corrosion with:
• Oil, or
• Galvanic protective layers
At higher flow densities or with longer
coating times, the sliding layers must
be covered to prevent deposits.
Δsmax [mm] Maximum bearing clearance Press fit and bearing clearance Attention:
Δsmin [mm] Minimum bearing clearance The bearing clearance and press fit can When using shafts with tolerance
dGmax [mm] Maximum diameter be influenced by the measures shown in zone position h, the bearing clearance for
of housing bore Tab. 35: 5 ≤ dW< 80 (P10, P14, P147) and dW < 80
dGmin [mm] Minimum diameter • At high ambient temperatures (P11) must be verified using equations [12]
of housing bore • Depending on the housing material for Δsmax and [13] for Δsmin.
dWmax [mm] Maximum shaft diameter • Depending on the housing wall thickness
dWmin [mm] Minimum shaft diameter
s3max [mm] Maximum wall thickness Smaller clearance tolerances require
s3min [mm] Minimum wall thickness narrower tolerances for the shaft and bore.
(Tab. 32)
Attention:
Diameter range KS PERMAGLIDE®
Widening the housing bore is not
P10, P14, P147* P11 P20, P200
taken into consideration in the bearing
clearance calculation. Shaft
dW < 5 h6 f7 h8
5 ≤ dW < 80 f7 f7 h8
For calculating the pressfit U, the tolerances 80 ≤ dW h8 h8 h8
of the housing bore are shown in Tab. 28
Housing bore
and the bush outside diameter DO in
dG ≤ 5.5 H6 – –
Tab. 29.
5.5 < dG H7 H7 H7
Tab. 28: Recommended fitting tolerances
* On request
Outside diameter Dimensions (test A to DIN ISO 3547-2) Inside diameter Wall Dimensions as per DIN ISO
of bush P10, P14, P147*, P11 thickness 3547-1, Table 3, Row D, P20,
Do P20, P200 P200
10 < Do≤ 18 +0.065 +0.030 +0.080 +0.050 20 ≤ Di < 28 1.5 -0.025 -0.055
30 < Do≤ 50 +0.085 +0.045 +0.110 +0.065 45 ≤ Di < 80 2.5 -0.040 -0.085
80 < Do≤ 120 +0.120 +0.070 +0.140 +0.090 Tab. 32: Wall thickness s3 for bushes made from KS PERMAGLIDE®
120 < Do≤ 180 +0.170 +0.100 +0.190 +0.120 P20/P200
Inside diameter Wall Dimensions as per DIN ISO 3547-1, Table Wall thickness Outside bevel, Inside bevel
of bush thick 3, Row B s3 without cutting Ci
Di ness P10, P14, P147* P11 Co Min. max.
s3
Upper Lower Upper Lower 0.75 0.5 ± 0.3 0.1 0.4
0.75 0 -0.020 – – 1 0.6 ± 0.4 0.1 0.6
Di< 5
1 – – +0.005 -0.020 1.5 0.6 ± 0.4 0.1 0.7
5 ≤Di< 20 1 +0.005 -0.020 +0.005 -0.020 2 1.0 ± 0.4 0.1 0.7
20 ≤Di< 28 1.5 +0.005 -0.025 +0.005 -0.025 2.5 1.2 ± 0.4 0.2 1.0
28 ≤Di< 45 2 +0.005 -0.030 +0.005 -0.030
Tab. 33: Outside bevel Co and inside bevel Ci (Fig. 48) for
45 ≤Di< 80 2.5 +0.005 -0.040 +0.005 -0.040 bushes with metric dimensions to DIN ISO 3547-1, Table 2
80 ≤Di< 120 2.5 -0.010 -0.060 -0.010 -0.060
120 ≤Di 2.5 -0.035 -0.085 -0.035 -0.085
Ci
Surface roughness Ra (μm) Rz (μm)
Bearing bore Di 6.3 25.0
Bearing back Do 1.6 6.3
Ci
Other surfaces 25.0 100.0
20° ±8°
CO
* On request
85 90 0.020 0.209 – –
90 95 0.020 0.209 0.100 0.319
95 100 0.020 0.209 – –
100 105 0.020 0.209 0.100 0.319
105 110 0.020 0.209 – –
Fig. 49: Theoretical bearing clearance Δs
* On request
Tab. 35: Errors, consequences and measures in relation to press fit and bearing clearance at high ambient temperatures, with special
housing materials or housing wall thicknesses
Do ––0.2
0.3
Do –0.2
–0.3
23
4
2
3 Di –0.1
–0.2 Di –0.1
–0.2
F
Di –0.1
–0.2
2
F
1
1 1
3
Di Do Do
3 Do
3
1 Bush
1 Bush 1 Bush 2 Press-in mandrel
2 Press-in mandrel 2 Press-in mandrel 3 Housing
3 Housing 3 Housing 4 System diameter
Fig. 50: Press-fitting with moving housing Fig. 51: Flush press-fitting DO ≤ 55 mm Fig. 52: Recessed press-fitting
DO ≥ 55 mm
Do -0.2
-0.3 5 F A–A
dH
Di -0.1 6
-0.2
2
A A
4
1
1 Bush 4 Housing
2 Auxiliary ring 5 System diameter
Do
3 Press-in mandrel 6 O-ring
Do (mm) dH (mm)
55 ≤ Do ≤ 100 Do +0.28
+0.25
100 < Do ≤ 200 Do +0.40
+0.36
200 < Do ≤ 305 Do +0.50
+0.46
Attention:
Calibration considerably shortens the Rz1
service life of KS PERMAGLIDE® P1 bushes
(Tab. 37). B+10
Fig. 54: Calibration
Tab. 37: Standard values for the calibrating mandrel diameter and the reduction
in service life
Press-in force and joint pressure Determining the bush press-in force
Fig. 55 below shows the maximum required
Press-in force and joint pressure are press-in force per mm of liner length.
interdependent. The joint pressure occurs The curves represent the bush outside
between the housing bore and the surface diameter DO and the bush wall thickness s3
of the bush jacket. It can be understood as in accordance with DIN ISO 3547. This
a measure of how reliably the bush fits in calculation assumes a steel housing with a
the housing. Together with other factors, diameter of DG that has been adapted to the
the joint pressure influences the amount of bush outside diameter DO. The selected
press-in force. ratio is DG: DO ≈ 1.5...2.
Fig. 56: Bushes
Low-maintenance KS PERMAGLIDE® plain bearings P20, P22*, P23*, P200, P202*, P203*
P10, P14, P147* Technical data P20, P22*, P23* P200, P202*, P203*
• For shafts from 2 mm to 300 mm Designation Unit
P11 pvmax. [MPa · m/s] 3 3.3
• For shafts from 4 mm to 100 mm pstat. [MPa] 250 250
P20, P22*, P23*, P200, P202*, P203*
pdyn. [MPa] 70 70
• For shafts from 8 mm to 100 mm
vmax. [m/s] 3 3.3
T [°C] -40 to +110 -40 to +110
P10, P11, P14, P147* P10, P11, P14, P147* P10, P11, P14, P147*
• For shafts from 6 mm to 40 mm • With an inside diameter of 10 mm • Length 500 mm
to 62 mm • For widths see tables of dimensions
P20, P22*, P23*, P200, P202*, P203* • For wall thicknesses see tables of
• With an inside diameter of 12 mm to dimensions
52 mm P20, P22*, P23*, P200, P202*, P203*
• Length 500 mm
• Width 250 mm
• For wall thicknesses see tables of
dimensions
* On request
s3
Di B
Fig. 60: Example order, P10 bush Fig. 61: Example order, P20 strip
PAW 12 P20
PAF 25215 P10
B
Do
Di
Di
Fig. 62: Example order, flange bush P10 Fig. 63: Example order, P20 thrust washer
B Joint
Di Do
* On request
B Joint
Di Do
* On request
B Joint
Di Do
* On request
B Joint
Di Do
9.3.1 Model range P10, P14, P147* with steel back and model range P11 with bronze back
Y
Di Do d6a
max. 0.3
max. 4.0
X1)
1)
Maximum 4 free cuts on outside diameter, location optional
* On request
9.4.1 Model range P10, P14, P147* with steel back – model range P11 with bronze back
B B1
B = overall width
B1 = useful width A
* On request
1)
No oil hole
* On request
B
dL 1
Di Do
1 Joint
2 2 Oil distributing pocket
* On request
max. 0.3
max. 4.0
X 1)
1)
Maximum 4 free cuts on outside diameter, location optional
* On request
Supplied on request.
1)
Machining allowance: 0.15 mm.
9.8 KS PERMAGLIDE® plain bearings, special production according to customer specification
Attention:
The wall thickness s3 and bush inside
diameter must not be given simultaneously
as a test dimension.
References
• Expert advice for order and delivery • Over 30 years of expertise in the • High availability and warehouse storage
processing manufacture of KS PERMAGLIDE® plain • Quick order processing and
• Online catalogue with calculation tool, bearings commissioning
CAD drawings and 3D views • Top quality standards of the German
• Product catalogues and product informa- automotive industry
tion – on request as personalised version • Practical test rigs according to your
with your address and logo requirements
• Sales promotion: trade fair presentations, • Material and process development
product samples, promotional items and
give-aways
• Always stay up to date with our newsletter
and website: www.permaglide.com
• Individual advice, calculations and plain
Consistently high quality
bearing design
• Special designs according to your Comprehensive technical service
requirements
High availability and warehouse storage
plain bearings
International Sales:
KS PERMAGLIDE® Partner: MS Motorservice International GmbH
Hamburger Straße 15
41540 Dormagen, Germany
Phone: +49 2133 267-130
Fax: +49 2133 267-333
www.ms-motorservice.com
Production:
KS Gleitlager GmbH
Am Bahnhof 14
68789 St. Leon-Rot, Germany
Phone: +49 6227 56-0
Fax: +49 6227 56-302
www.kspg.com