INTRODUCTION

Metal Ions in Biochemistry presents a simplified account of the

role of metal ions in the biochemical processes and the
significance of inorganic elements in human diet and in
therapeutics. The adverse effect of the intake of excess metal
ions and the role of metal ions in environmental pollution has
been explained. The book discusses how the basic concepts of
coordination chemistry can explain the complex biochemical
reactions. The potential metal binding sites of the biochemicals
have been identified. An attempt has been made to understand
the nature of the metal biochemical bond from the point of
coordination chemistry. The structure of the metal coordination
site has been confirmed with the help of various instrumental
techniques. Thus the structure of metal complex site in the
biochemicals has been revealed and its functional relationship
with biochemical process has been discussed extensively. The
fundamental background knowledge required by both chemists
and biochemists has been provided in the first two chapters of
the book, so that the reader can appreciate the significant role of
the metal ions in the biochemical processes.

Table of Contents
Preface / Structure of Cells and Introduction to Bioinorganic Chemistry /
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties of Metal Complexes / Alkali and
Alkaline Earth Metal Ions in Biochemical Systems / Zinc in Biochemical
Systems / Iron in Biochemical Systems / Copper in Biochemical Systems /
Cobalt in Vitamin B12 in Biochemical Systems / Molybdenum in Nitrogen
Fixation in Plants / Magnesium and Manganese in Photosynthesis in Plants
/ Less Common Trace Metal Ions in Biochemical Systems / Metal Ion
Toxicity in Biochemical Systems / Metal Complexes in Therapeutics /
Suggested Reading / Index.

Transition metal compounds

Compounds containing metals from group 4 to 11 are considered transition metal compounds.
Compounds with a metal from group 3 or 12 are sometimes also incorporated into this group, but also
often classified as main group compounds.

Transition metal compounds show a rich coordination chemistry, varying from tetrahedral for titanium (e.g.
TiCl4) to square planar for some nickel complexes to octahedral for coordination complexes of cobalt. A
range of transition metals can be found in biologically important compounds, such as iron in hemoglobin.

 Examples: iron pentacarbonyl, titanium tetrachloride, cisplatin



Titanium tetrachloride

Preferred IUPAC name[hide]

Titanium tetrachloride

Systematic name[hide]
Tetrachlorotitanium

Other names[hide]
Titanium(IV) chloride

Infobox references
 Cisplatin

Systematic (IUPAC) name

(SP-4-2)-diamminedichloridoplatinum

Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Ions in Biochemical

Systems

Zeolite
The microporous molecular structure of a zeolite, ZSM-5

Zeolites are microporous, aluminosilicate minerals commonly used as commercial adsorbents.[1] The term
zeolite was originally coined in 1756 by Swedish mineralogist Axel Fredrik Cronstedt, who observed that upon
rapidly heating the material stilbite, it produced large amounts of steam from water that had been adsorbed by
the material. Based on this, he called the material zeolite, from the Greek ζέω (zeō), meaning "boil"
and λίθος (lithos), meaning "stone".[2]

As of January 2008, 175 unique zeolite frameworks have been identified, and over 40 naturally occurring
zeolite frameworks are known.[3][4]

Zeolites are widely used in industry for water purification, as catalysts, and in nuclear reprocessing. Their
biggest use is in the production of laundry detergents. They are also used in medicine and in agriculture.

Manganese
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Not to be confused with Magnesium.

For the ghost town in Minnesota, see Manganese, Minnesota.

For the Sinai Manganese Co steamship, see SS Manganese.

 chromium ← manganese → iron

-
↑
Mn
↓
Tc

25Mn

Appearance

silvery metallic
 General properties

Name, symbol,number manganese, Mn, 25

Pronunciation /ˈmæŋɡəniːz/ MANG-gən-neez

Element category transition metal

Manganese ( /ˈmæŋɡəniːz/, MANG-gən-neez) is a chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. It has
the atomic number 25. It is found as a free element in nature (often in combination with iron), and in many
minerals. As a free element, manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in
stainless steels.

Manganese phosphating is used as a treatment for rust and corrosion prevention on steel. Depending on their
oxidation state, manganese ions have various colors and are used industrially as pigments.
The permanganates of alkali and alkaline earth metals are powerful oxidizers. Manganese dioxide is used as
the cathode (electron acceptor) material in standard and alkaline disposable dry cells and batteries.

Manganese(II) ions function as cofactors for a number of enzymes in higher organisms, where they are
essential in detoxification ofsuperoxide free radicals. The element is a required trace mineral for all known living
organisms. In larger amounts, and apparently with far greater activity by inhalation, manganese can cause
a poisoning syndrome in mammals, with neurological damage which is sometimes irreversible.

Zinc is an essential trace element, necessary for plants,[86] animals,[136] and microorganisms.[137] Zinc is
found in nearly 100 specific enzymes[138] (other sources say 300), serves as structural ions in transcription
factors and is stored and transferred in metallothioneins.[139] It is "typically the second most abundant
transition metal [ sic ] in organisms" after iron and it is the only metal which appears in all enzyme
classes.[86]

In proteins, Zn ions are often coordinated to the amino acid side chains of aspartic acid, glutamic acid,
cysteine and histidine.[140] The theoretical and computational description of this zinc binding in proteins (as
well as that of other transition metals) is difficult.[140]
There are 2–4 grams of zinc[141] distributed throughout the human body. Most zinc is in the brain, muscle,
bones, kidney, and liver, with the highest concentrations in the prostate and parts of the eye.[142] Semen is
particularly rich in zinc, which is a key factor in prostate gland function and reproductive organ growth.[143]

In humans, zinc plays "ubiquitous biological roles".[1] It interacts with "a wide range of organic ligands",
[1]
and has roles in the metabolism of RNA and DNA, signal transduction, andgene expression. It also
regulates apoptosis. A 2006 study estimated that about 10% of human proteins (2800) potentially bind
zinc, in addition to hundreds which transport and traffic zinc; a similar in silico study in the
plant Arabidopsis thaliana found 2367 zinc-related proteins.[86]

In the brain, zinc is stored in specific synaptic vesicles by glutamatergic neurons[144] and can "modulate
brain excitability".[1] It plays a key role in synaptic plasticity and so in learning.[145] However it has been
called "the brain's dark horse"[144] since it also can be a neurotoxin, suggesting zinc homeostasis plays a
critical role in normal functioning of the brain and central nervous system.[144]