Calculation For Earthing & Lightning System

‫ ﭼﺎﺭﻣﻠﻪ‬-‫ ﻛﻮﻫﺪﺷﺖ‬48" ‫ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ‬
(790816) ‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬
Calculation for
Earthing & Lightning System
PROJECT UNIT DIS DOC SERIAL REV
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻧﺼﺮ‬ KCGP PCS EL CAL 0001 00

Page 1 of 17
Calculation for
00 IFC 94/03/30 E.F R.S K.L
Rev. ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
Calculation for

Page 2 of 17
Revision Sheet
‫ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ‬
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 00 01 02 03 04 05 06
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8 X 48
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13 X 53
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17 X 57
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40 80
Calculation for

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CONTENTS
1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4
2. Definitions.......................................................................................................................... 4
3. Units ..................................................................................................................................... 5
4. Codes and Standards ................................................................................................... 5
5. Document Priority......................................................................................................... 5
6. Basis of Calculation ...................................................................................................... 5
7. Calculation for Grounding Resistance ................................................................ 6
8. Calculation for Cross Section of Main Grounding Cable .......................... 8
9. Tables .................................................................................................................................. 9
10. Lightning Protection Systems................................................................................ 10
Calculation for

Page 4 of 17
1. Introduction
0B
Iranian Gas Engineering & Development Company (IGEDC) one of the subsidiaries of
1B
National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC) has intended to perform a 48" gas transmission
pipeline from KOOHDASHT to CHARMALE in order to transfer and export the natural
gas to Iraq country.
This project which is the first phase of whole is generally consist of two main section:
2B
A. The Pressure Control Station (PCS) with normal capacity of 25 MMCM/D that located
3B
at place that going to be branched off IGAT VI. This PCS Could transfer 40 MMCM/D.
B. Around 130 km, 48” nominal diameter buried gas transfer pipeline that branched off
4B
IGAT VI, located around KOOHDASHT city.
2. Definitions
5B
Within the context of this document, the following definitions are applicable.
6B
Owner Means National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC)
Client Means Iranian Gas Engineering & Development Company (IGEDC).
Client Consultant Means Energy & Industry Consultant engineers Co. (EIC).
Means Nasr Consortium

EPC Contractor (NASR-E-MISHAGH AHWAZ Co. , HARAZ RAH Consultant
Engineers Co. AND OMRAN GOSTAR JAHAD-E-NASR Co.)
Consortium Consultant Means HARAZ RAH Consultant engineers Co.

Engineers
Is the encompassing term for Detailed Engineering, Procurement,

Project Construction pre- Commissioning and assistant to Commissioning and
Start-up of all of the facilities.
Means approved in writing, including subsequent confirmation of

Approved
previous verbal approvals.
Means a statutory body responsible for the regulation of specific codes,

Authority
standards and practices.
The party to the contract and/or purchase order which has undertaken
Supplier the obligation to supply the goods and/or services which are ordered
and specified herein.
Calculation for

Page 5 of 17
3. Units
All units in this project are based on SI unit.
4. Codes and Standards

7B
Design of the earthing System shall be generally according to the following standards:
Standard/Doc No. Description

BS 7430 Code of Practice for Earthing
IEC 60364 Code of Practice for Earthing
5. Document Priority
8B
In the event of any conflict between this specification, data sheet, drawing codes and
standards. The priority will be given in the following order:
a. Purchase order
b. M.T.O. (material take off) and/or drawings
c. Data sheet& calculation
d. Specification
e. Codes and Standards
In any case the vendor shall inform purchase and obtain clarification before proceeding with
any work.
6. Basis of Calculation
9B
The calculation for grounding resistance is carried out in accordance with the following
manner:
for grounding resistance BS 7430 "code of practice for earthing

for grounding conductor size IEC 60364 "code of practice for earthing"
Calculation for

Page 6 of 17
• Resistivity of soil in Ω.m :

42.22 Ω.m at 3meter Depth (According to Document No.KCGP-PLN-CV-REP-
0002)
• Resistance of electrical earthing system shall be less than 1 ohm.
• According to IPS standard, the resistance of instrument earthing system shall be less
than 1 ohm.
7. Calculation for Grounding Resistance

10B
7.1 Calculation Basis
For grounding resistance, the resistance of rod is obtained by following equation

(As per clause 10 of BS 7430):
Resistance of one rod:
ρ  8L  
R1 =×  Ln( )  − 1
2π L  D  
Where:
ρ : Resistivity of soil, in Ω.m: 42.22 Ω.m
L : Length of Rod, in meter: 3 m
D : Diameter of Rod, in meter: 0.019m
The total resistance of a group of electrodes is calculated for different configurations using
the formula from BS 7430.
1 + λ a 
Rn = R1 
 n 
Where:
Rn = total electrical grounding resistance
Calculation for

Page 7 of 17
ρ
a=
2π R1S
Where:
R1 : is earth resistance of a single rod in Ω
S : is the distance between adjacent rods in m
ρ : is the resistivity of soil in Ω.m
λ : is the factor given in table B shown in BS 7430 (Table 1, 2)
n : is the number of electrodes
7.2 Calculation for Electrical Earthing System
Earthing network resistance for electrical system shall not be exceed 1 ohm and for
instrument system shall not be exceed 1 ohms. Table 1 shows the calculations and obtained
results.
Table 1
Location ρ L D S R1 Rn
Item Station λ n a Conclusion
(Km) (Ω.m) (m) (m) (Ω) (Ω)
PCS
1 & Less than 1
00 42.22 3 0.019 6.14 20 15 13.76 0.033 0.83
Launcher ohm
Which is less than 1ohm, and it is in accordance to project requirements.

Calculation for

Page 8 of 17
7.3 Calculation for Instrument Grounding System (Clean Earth):

Earthing network resistance for instrument system shall not be exceed 1 ohms. Table 2 shows
the calculations and obtained results.
Table 2 Instrument Earthing System
(Km) (Ω.m) (m) (m) (Ω) (Ω)
PCS
1 & Less than 1
00 42.22 3 0.019 6.14 20 9 13.76 0.054 0.92
Launcher ohm
Which is less than 1ohm, and it is in accordance to project requirements.
8. Calculation for Cross Section of Main Grounding Cable

1B
8.1 According to IPS Standard

2
The main earthing conductors shall be 70 mm copper stranded cable with PVC insulation.
8.2 According to IEC Standard
Main loop earthing conductor shall be copper stranded cable with PVC insulation.
For fault current duration, we have been considered base on VCB open time 0.1sec.
I T
S=
K
Where,
S : The cross-sectional area, in mm 2
I : The value (rms) in A of prospective fault current for a fault of negligible impedance
which can flow through the protective device.
T : The operating time of the protective device for automatic disconnection in sec.
Calculation for

Page 9 of 17
K : The factor dependent on the material of the protective conductor, the insulation and other
parts and the initial and final temperatures. Acc. to IPS-E-EL-100 / 12.2.cable sizing-
Table 3.
8.3 Main Earth Conductor Size
I = 10 ( KA)
T = 0.3 ( Sec)
K = 115 (For PVC insulation)
I T
S=
K ⇒ S = 10000 0.3 ≅ 50 mm²
115
NOTE: Cross section of earth conductor for other equipments will be selected according to
IPS recommendations which are mentioned in grounding typical installations.
9. Tables
12B
For calculating number of essential rods the following tables are helpful.
Table 3 Factors for Parallel Electrodes Arranged in Line (Form Bs 7430)
Number of Electrodes (n) Factor λ

2 1.00
3 1.66
4 2.15
5 2.54
6 2.87
7 3.15
8 3.39
9 3.61
10 3.81
Calculation for

Page 10 of 17
Table 4 Factors for Vertical Electrodes Arranged in A Hollow Squar (FORM BS 7430)
Number Of Electrodes (n)
Along Each Side of The Factor λ
Square
2 2.71
3 4.51
4 5.46
5 6.14
6 6.63
7 7.03
8 7.30
9 7.65
10 7.90
12 8.22
14 8.67
16 8.95
18 9.22
10. Lightning Protection Systems

13B
10.1 Calculation for Electrical Earthing System
Lightning network resistance for electrical system shall not be exceed 5 ohms.
Table 5
(Km) (Ω.m) (m) (m) (Ω) (Ω)
PCS
1 & Less than 5
00 42.22 3 0.019 2.71 8 9 13.76 0.054 1.97
Launcher ohms
Calculation for

Page 11 of 17
Which is less than 5ohms, and it is in accordance to project requirements.
Lightning protection shall conform to IEC 61024, BS 6651 and consist of faraday – cage type
protection, spread all around the unit as required.
In this project the buildings/structures are protected by mesh method. The mesh method is for
general purpose and it is particularly suitable for the protection of plane surfaces.
The structures and/or facilities where should be protected against lightning in this project are:
Table 6 Building Specification

Length Width Height
Item Structure Roof Walls
(m) (m) (m)
Communication
1 7 5 3 Nonmetallic concrete
Building
For designing of lightning protection system for this building, the following consideration
should take into account:
1. Building containing sensitive electronic equipment and control systems so Lightning
Electromagnetic Impulse Interference (LEMP) due to lightning may be caused surges and
unwanted inductive voltages and damage to panels and devices, so we should pay more
attention in design of lightning and earthing systems for these buildings.
2. Below recommendation of IEC62305-3 for reinforced concrete structures should be
followed.
a. Steelwork within reinforced concrete structures is considered to be electrically
continuous provided that the major part of interconnections of vertical and horizontal
bars are welded or otherwise securely connected. Connections of vertical bars are to
be welded, overlapped a minimum of 20 times their diameters or otherwise securely
connected.
b. For new structures, the connections between reinforcement elements shall be
specified by the designer or installer, in co-operation with the builder and the civil
engineer.
Calculation for

Page 12 of 17
As described the best air termination system for building is meshed conductors system. The
lightning protection level (LPL) of these buildings is level II. Then in according with table 2
of IEC62305-3 as follows:
Table 7 Maximum Values of Mesh Corresponding to the Type of LPS

Type of LPS Mesh size (m x m)
I 5*5
II 10*10
III 15*15
IV 20*20
The mesh size of lightning conductors in the roof should be maximum 10*10 m.
The Size and material of air termination conductors or down conductors can be also designed
in accordance with following IEC table:
Table 8 Material, configuration and minimum cross-sectional area of air-termination conductors, air
termination rods and down-conductors
Material Configuration Minimum Cross- Comments
2
Sectional Area ( mm )
Copper Solid tape 50 2 mm min. thickness
Solid tound 50 8 mm diameter
1.7 mm min. diameter of each strand

Stranded 50
16 mm diameter
Solid round 200
Tin Plated Solid tape 50 2 mm min. thickness
Copper Solid tound 50 8 mm diameter

Stranded 50
Aluminium Solid tape 70 3 mm min. thickness
Solid tound 50 8 mm diameter

Stranded 50
Aluminium Solid tape 50 2.5 mm min. thickness

Calculation for

Page 13 of 17
Alloy Solid tound 50 8 mm diameter
Stranded 50 1.7 mm min. diameter of each strand
16 mm diameter
Solid round 200
Hot Dip Solid tape 50 2.5 mm min. thickness
Galvanized Solid tound 50 8 mm diameter
Steel 1.7 mm min. diameter of each strand

Stranded 50
16 mm diameter
Solid round 200
Stainless Solid tape 50 2 mm min. thickness
Steel Solid tound 50 8 mm diameter
1.7 mm min diameter of each strand

Stranded 70
16 mm diameter
Solid round 200
In this project with considering site conditions, market availability and based on upper table
the "tin plated copper" with size 25*3 mm" is selected as both air termination roof ring and
down conductors.
10.2 Construction Considerations (IEC62035):
Air terminations of LPS not isolated from the structure to be protected may be installed as
follows:
− If the roof is made of non-combustible material the air termination conductors
may be positioned on the surface of the roof.
− If the roof is made of readily combustible material, due to care needs to be taken
with regard to the distance between the air termination conductors and the
material.
− For thatched roofs this distance should be a minimum of 30cm. For other
combustible materials a distance not lower than 10cm is considered adequate.
Calculation for

Page 14 of 17
− Easily combustible parts of the structure to be protected shall not remain in a

direct contact with the components of external LPS and shall not remain directly
under any roofing membrane that might be punctured by a lightning stroke.
Account shall also be taken of less combustible membranes such as wooden sheets.
10.3 External Lightning Protection System

According to BS7430 standard, Lightning protection if scaffolding is associated with an
existing structure which has an external lightning protection system (LPS), it should be
bonded to the earth termination network and the air termination network of the LPS.
Lightning protection should otherwise be provided where indicated by risk assessment
performed in accordance with BS EN 62305-2.
Other temporary tall metallic structures might require separate earthingelectrodes to afford
adequate lightning protection, which will depend on the construction of the temporary
foundations and footings; BS EN 62305-3 should be consulted for further guidance and
expert opinion should be obtained if necessary.
Other temporary structures:
There are no recommendations for special earthing or bonding arrangements,i.e. structures
that do not require lightning protection, which are not in the vicinity of electric overhead lines
and which do not carry electrical circuits operating at a voltage in excess of 25 V A.C. to
earth.
10.4 Code of Practice for Protection of Structures against Lightning

According to BS6651 standard this lightning protection calculation is based on Lightning
sphere method. The lightning sphere method ensures complete lightning protection.
The contours of the objects that are to be protected and the planned interception devices are
modeled - e.g. at a scale of 1:100 to 1:500. Then a sphere is made with a scale radius of 10,
20 or 40 m depending on the requirements, which corresponds to the flashover distance to
earth. The lightning sphere is then rolled around the model on a flat surface. If the lightning
sphere only touches the interception devices, the protected objects are completely in the
Calculation for

Page 15 of 17
protected area. However, if the lightning sphere does touch parts of the protected objects, the
protection is not complete at these sections (see Fig. 1).
If the configurations of the air terminals are simple, it will generally be unnecessary to
produce a model. The effectiveness of the protection system can be assessed by examinations
based on the projection of the lightning sphere.
R=20m
Figure:1
Calculation for

Page 16 of 17
According to BS 6651, 12 tables below needed for lightning calculation suitable for all type
buildings.
Table1 - Recommended fixing centres for conductors.
Table2 - Recommended materials for the manufacture of lightning protection components.
Table3 - Some characteristic of typical materials listed in table 2.
Table 4- Minimum dimensions of component parts.
Table 5 - Minimum thicknesses of sheet metal used for roofing and forming part of the air
termination network.
Table 6 –Relationship between thunderstorm days per year lightning flashes per square
kilometer per year.
Table 7 –Comparative probability of death for an individual per year of exposure (order of
magnitude only).
Table 8 –Weighting factor A (use of structure).

Calculation for

Page 17 of 17
Table 9-Weighting factor B (type of construction).
Table 10 - Weighting factor C (contents of consequential effects).
Table 11 - Weighting factor D (degree of isolation).
Table 12 - Weighting factor E (type of terrain).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Overall risk (Product of columns5and 11)

Risk of structure , Weighting factors
Factor(Product of columns 6to10)

Contents or consequential effects
Description of structure
Degree of isolation (Table 11)

Type of construction (table 9)
Recommend-dictions
Type of country (Table 12)
use of structure (table 8)
Multiplying
Collection area, Ac
Flash density,Ng
p=Ac×Ng×10-6
Overall
(Table 10)
A
D
B
Communication 1.27x10-4 3.05x10-5

Protection
212.087 0.6 1.2 0.4 1.0 2.0 0.3 0.24 required
Building

Calculation For Earthing & Lightning System

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‫ ﭼﺎﺭﻣﻠﻪ‬-‫ ﻛﻮﻫﺪﺷﺖ‬48" ‫ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ‬

(790816) ‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻧﺼﺮ‬ KCGP PCS EL CAL 0001 00

00 IFC 94/03/30 E.F R.S K.L

‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻧﺼﺮ‬ KCGP PCS EL CAL 0001 00

‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻧﺼﺮ‬ KCGP PCS EL CAL 0001 00

‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻧﺼﺮ‬ KCGP PCS EL CAL 0001 00

IGAT VI, located around KOOHDASHT city.

Owner Means National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC)

Client Means Iranian Gas Engineering & Development Company (IGEDC).

Means Nasr Consortium

Consortium Consultant Means HARAZ RAH Consultant engineers Co.

Is the encompassing term for Detailed Engineering, Procurement,

Means approved in writing, including subsequent confirmation of

Means a statutory body responsible for the regulation of specific codes,

‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻧﺼﺮ‬ KCGP PCS EL CAL 0001 00

All units in this project are based on SI unit.

4. Codes and Standards

Standard/Doc No. Description

e. Codes and Standards

for grounding resistance BS 7430 "code of practice for earthing

‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻧﺼﺮ‬ KCGP PCS EL CAL 0001 00

• Resistivity of soil in Ω.m :

7. Calculation for Grounding Resistance

7.1 Calculation Basis

For grounding resistance, the resistance of rod is obtained by following equation

Resistance of one rod:

‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻧﺼﺮ‬ KCGP PCS EL CAL 0001 00

7.2 Calculation for Electrical Earthing System

Which is less than 1ohm, and it is in accordance to project requirements.

‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻧﺼﺮ‬ KCGP PCS EL CAL 0001 00

7.3 Calculation for Instrument Grounding System (Clean Earth):

Which is less than 1ohm, and it is in accordance to project requirements.

8. Calculation for Cross Section of Main Grounding Cable

8.1 According to IPS Standard

8.2 According to IEC Standard

‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻧﺼﺮ‬ KCGP PCS EL CAL 0001 00

8.3 Main Earth Conductor Size

Table 3 Factors for Parallel Electrodes Arranged in Line (Form Bs 7430)

Number of Electrodes (n) Factor λ

‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻧﺼﺮ‬ KCGP PCS EL CAL 0001 00

10. Lightning Protection Systems

10.1 Calculation for Electrical Earthing System

‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻧﺼﺮ‬ KCGP PCS EL CAL 0001 00

Which is less than 5ohms, and it is in accordance to project requirements.

Table 6 Building Specification

‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻧﺼﺮ‬ KCGP PCS EL CAL 0001 00

Table 7 Maximum Values of Mesh Corresponding to the Type of LPS

Copper Solid tape 50 2 mm min. thickness

Solid tound 50 8 mm diameter

1.7 mm min. diameter of each strand

Tin Plated Solid tape 50 2 mm min. thickness

Copper Solid tound 50 8 mm diameter

1.7 mm min. diameter of each strand

Aluminium Solid tape 70 3 mm min. thickness

Solid tound 50 8 mm diameter

1.7 mm min. diameter of each strand

Aluminium Solid tape 50 2.5 mm min. thickness

‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻧﺼﺮ‬ KCGP PCS EL CAL 0001 00

Alloy Solid tound 50 8 mm diameter

Stranded 50 1.7 mm min. diameter of each strand

Hot Dip Solid tape 50 2.5 mm min. thickness