Volume 4, Issue 7, July – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Design & Development of Multi-Evaporative

Refrigeration System
Prashant S. Daingade¹, Akshay B. Gavade², Omkar A. Shinde³, Ruturaj P. Shinde4, Saqlain Y. Landge5, Rajesh P. Yadav6,
1
Assistant Professor, ADCET, ASHTA, Maharashtra, India
2,3,4,5,6
B.E. Students, ADCET, ASHTA, Maharashtra, India

Abstract:- In many places, we require to maintain two basic vapour compression system can thus be used as a
different temperatures. Consider example of food market building block to develop complex air conditioning and
where 220C temperature is required for human comfort refrigeration units.
and 50C is required for food preservation. So to maintain
two different temperatures we need to prefer multi-
evaporator refrigeration system. As it very difficult to
achieve different temperatures by normal refrigeration
system. Also if we have to vary temperature we can vary
it by adjustment of back pressure valve. Thus in this II. PROPOSED WORK
paper we added both theoretical calculation and software
simulation by using COOLPACK software.

Keywords:- Multi Evaporator, Combined Refrigerator,

Simulation, Cool Pack.

I. INTRODUCTION

General refrigeration system is single evaporator

system at one temperature. But many refrigeration
installation, different temperature are required to be
maintained at various points in the plant such as in hotels,
large restaurants, institutions, industrial plants and food
markets where the food products are received in large
quantities and stored at different temperature. For example,
the fresh fruit, fresh vegetables, cut meats, frozen products,
dairy products, bottled goods, have all different conditions of
temperatures and humidity for storage. In such cases each
location is cooled by own evaporator in order to obtain more
satisfactory control of the condition. For many industrial
application, we require different temperature for different
application, for example if we are using the refrigerator and
air conditioner in the commercial space then we can get the
cooling effect for storing the water bottles as well as the
cooling effect for the human comfort. To obtain such
different temperature by normal single refrigeration system is
very difficult, as temperature requirement is different for
different application, to follow economy, low initial cost and
operating cost it is essential to run a single refrigeration
system with multi evaporator.
In many refrigeration or air conditioning installations,
different temperatures are required at various points in the
plant. This occurs in the case of air conditioning of big
residential complexes. Depending on the system
requirements, various arrangements of vapour compression
systems can be made that can serve that particular purpose
with respect to environmental and energy conservation. A
Fig. 1:- Proposed Work
The experimental setup is comprised of components
typically sized for home appliance refrigerators. The
schematic of the test facility in which the two separators to be
tested is shown in Fig. In this experimental system the
purpose of Condenser 1 was to maintain the working fluid in
the sub cooled state. This permits a direct measurement of the
pressure and temperature before the refrigerant enters the
downstream heated coil section. With the known inlet
enthalpy, the refrigerant quality leaving the heated coil
section can be accurately calculated after measuring the
heater input wattage and refrigerant mass flow. The fan on
Condenser 1 is utilized to increase the heat transfer from the
refrigerant to the ambient and to maintain pressure on the
high side in steady state. The two-phase mixture enters the
separator from the inlet top branch (state point 1); when the
phases are segregated completely, ideally, 100% of the vapor
will exit through the outlet top branch (state point 2) and
100% of the liquid exits through the bottom branch (state
point 3). This can only occur if the top branch flow ratio
(defined by Eq. [1]) is held equal to the inlet vapor quality,
x1, for an adiabatic separator. The mass that exits the top

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Volume 4, Issue 7, July – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
branch (state point 2) should be comprised of vapor which B. Condenser
will then proceed to be condensed into liquid in Condenser 2.
The fluid once fully condensed continues through the
variable expansion device, which consists of a needle valve
upstream of a capillary tube. Similarly, the mass that exits
through the bottom branch (state point 3) undergoes
expansion through a second needle valve and capillary tube.
The needle valve is used to adjust the restriction of the liquid
branch.

Through the use of both needle valves, the top branch

flow ratio (TBFR) was controlled. It is defined as:

Finally, the fluid at state point 4a and 5a is at a low

temperature and pressure, and gains heat from the ambient,
fully evaporating any remaining liquid. At point 4 and 5 the Fig. 3:- Finned condenser
fluid exits the evaporator as either saturated or superheated
vapor, and can be measured by Flow Meters 2 and 3, which Product Details Specification
are used to determine the overall mass flow in the system.
The flow from 4 and 5 will combine (state point 6) and enter Brand Faridabad Coil Industries
the suction side of the compressor to undergo the cycle again. Tube Thickness 1 mm
Tube Inner Diameter 10 mm
III. COMPONENTS INCLUDED
Tube length 9m
A. Hermetically Sealed Compressor Tube Material Copper
Type Fin and Tube
Cost 1400/-
Table 2

C. Evaporator

Fig. 2:- Hermetically Sealed Compressors

Product Details Specification Fig. 4:- Finned Evaporator

Brand name Emerson
Displacement 7.2 cc Product Details Specification
Cooling Capacity 180 kcal/h Tube length 16 m & 9 m
Frequency 50 Hz Tube material Copper
Refrigerant R134a Type st
1 Plate Type Evaporator
Voltage 220 V
Table 1 2nd Fin and Tube type Evaporator

Cost 3500/-
Table 3

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Volume 4, Issue 7, July – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
D. Evaporator X4 = 0.3225
S4=Sf+x4(Sg-Sf)
= 0 .2288+.3525(.9288-.2288)
= 0.4756KJ/Kg

Compressor Capacity
1TR=3.5KW

Condenser calculations
Diameter : 10mm
Thickness : 1mm
Tube length : 9 m.
Expansion Device Calculations :
Inner diameter = 0.05”
Fig. 5:- Plate type evaporator Length = 9 ft.

In the plate type of evaporators the coil usually made up Calculations for low temp. Evaporator :
of copper or aluminum is embedded in the plate so as so to Fruits are to be stored at temp. 5° c (278K) Ambient
form a flat looking surface. Externally the plate type of temp.=30°c (303K)
evaporator looks like a single plate, but inside it there are Mass of fruit = 1Kg
several turns of the metal tubing through which the T=303-278 = 25K
refrigerant flows. The advantage of the plate type of Specific heat of fruit =0.87btu/lb°F
evaporators is that they are more rigid as the external plate = 2.0222KJ/KgK
provides lots of safety. The external plate also helps Refrigeration effect :
increasing the heat transfer from the metal tubing to the Qd= m.Cp.dT
substance to be chilled. Further, the plate type of evaporators =1*2.022*25
are easy to clean and can be manufactured cheaply. =50.55KJ
For mass flow rate:
𝑄𝑑
IV. THEROTICAL CALCULATION (BASED ON M1 = ℎ5−ℎ4
IDEAL CYCLE) 50.55
=262.611−127.3= 0.3735 kg/s
Required readings of evaporator:
Temperature of high temperature evaporator : 220C Evaporative tube selection :
Temperature of low temperature evaporator : 50C Copper tube is selected due to good workability high
Conditions at state 1: thermal conductivity & corrosion resistance.
Temperature (T1) = 50C
Pressure (P1) = 350 KPa Copper tube dimension is 10mm as per manufacturer’s
Enthalpy (h) = 253.35KJ/Kg suggestions
Entropy (S) = 0 .9288KJ/KgK
Dryness fraction (X) =1 Calculation for area of evaporator (A):
[(𝑇1−𝑇𝐿)−(𝑇2−𝑇𝐿)]
Conditions at state 2 : LMTD = 𝑇1−𝑇𝐿
ln⁡[ ]
Temperature (T2) = 57.230C 𝑇2−𝑇𝐿
(303−247)−(278−247)
Pressure (P2) = 1400 KPa = 303−247
ln⁡[ ]
278−247
Enthalpy (h) = 282.11KJ/Kg
= 50.45K
Entropy (S) = 0.9288KJ/KgK Surface area of evaporator:
Conditions at state 3: 𝑄𝑑
Temperature (T3) = 52.40C A=
𝑑𝑇.𝑚.𝑈
50.55
Pressure (P3) = 1400 KPa = 23.14∗6 = 0.364m2
Enthalpy (h) =127.3KJ/Kg 𝐴 0.364
Entropy (S) = 0 .4533KJ/KgK L= = = 11m
𝜋.𝑑 𝜋∗0.01
Conditions at state 4:
Temperature (T4) = 50C Calculations for high temp.Evaporator :
Pressure (P4) = 350 KPa Medicines to be maintained at temperature 220C (295k)
Enthalpy (h) =127.3KJ/Kg Ambient temperature 270C
Entropy (S) = 0.4756KJ/Kgk Mass of medicine = 1 kg.
Dryness fraction at point 4 Specific heat of medicine = 3.02KJ/Kgk

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Volume 4, Issue 7, July – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
dT = 8k
Refrigeration effect
Qd= m.Cp.dT
= 2*3.022*8
= 48.32KJ
For mas flow rate
𝑄𝑑
M2 = ℎ7−ℎ6
48.32
=262.611−127.3= 0.357 kg/s
Evaporator tube selection
[(𝑇1−𝑇𝐿)−(𝑇2−𝑇𝐿)]
LMTD = 𝑇1−𝑇𝐿
ln⁡[ ]
𝑇2−𝑇𝐿
(303−247)−(295−247)
= 303−247 = 50.45K
ln⁡[ ]
303−247
Surface area of evaporator
𝑄𝑑 48.32 Fig. 7:- Ideal diagram as per software analysis
A = 𝑑𝑇.𝑚.𝑈= 50.45∗30 = 0.5082 m2
𝐴 0.5082
L = 𝜋∗𝑑 = 𝜋∗0.01= 16m. VI. CONCLUSION
 Workdonebycompressor
Thus by using multi-evaporator system, We can achieve
QC = (h2 – h1)*M
more COP than single evaporator system. According to
= 284.039 * 0.75
above calculation;
= 213.02 kw
COP achieved by theoretical calculation
 Heat rejected by condenser COPth = 4.38
Qr = (h2 – h3)* M COP achieved by COOLPACK software
= (282.11-127.3)*0.75 COPth = 3.98
= 116.107 kw
 Heat absorbed by evaporator REFERENCES
Qa = (h1 – h4)*M
= (253.35 – 127.3)*0.75 [1]. R. Shah,A.G.Alleyne, C. W. Bullard, B. P. Rasmussen,
= 94.53 kw and P. S. Hrnjak, “Dynamic Modeling And Control of
 Coefficient of performance Single and Multi-Evaporator Subcritical Vapor
ℎ1−ℎ4 253.35−127.3
COP = ℎ2−ℎ1 = 282.11−253.35 = 4.38 Compression Systems” McGraw-Hill Book Company,
August 2003.
V. COOLPACK SOFTWARE ANALYSIS [2]. Bhaskar Dixit C. S., “Design, fabrication and
performance evaluation of a single compressor multi
evaporator system for high temperature applications”,
M. E. Dissertation, WCE, Sangli1991.
[3]. Arora C. P., “Refrigeration and Air conditioning”, Tata
McGraw Hill Private Limited, 3rd Edition, 2008.
[4]. Amod A. Koyadwar, Prof. S.R.Karale, “A review on
dual purpose automotive air-conditioning system”,GH
Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur,
(India),February 2015.
[5]. Arif O. Hannure, “Application of Multi Evaporator
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Professor, NKOCET Solapur, May 2017.
[6]. Mr.JeevanWankhade, Ms. MadhuriTayde, Prof.
ShyleshaChannapattana, “Multi Evaporator System
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Valve”, Dr.D.Y.P.S.O.E. Ambi, Pune, 2014.
[7]. Mr.ThomasGillet, Mr.Gérard Olivier, “Modeling Of An
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System”, Purdue University, July 2016.
[8]. Sanghachabukswar, “Analysis of Multi-Evaporative
Refrigeration system”, February 2015.
Fig. 6:- Software Calculations

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