NAME: VANESSA E.

RABARA
SUBJECT: PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
PROFESSOR: NAPOLEON U. MEIMBAN Ph. D.

Main Philosophers of Education, Theories Derived from Psychology, Sociology, and Anthropology
(Philosophers/ Theorist/ Advocates)

A. Main Advocates The Learners… The Teachers… The Teaching The Learning The Evolution of
Philosophies of (Greek/ Modern Learning Process Materials Learning
Education Times) Outcomes
1. Idealism Plato *To develop the *Is the main source Focus on handling To emphasize Lecture Discussion
learner individually, of education. ideas through literature, History, Method/ Question
spiritually, mentally lecture, discussion, philosophy, Method/ Project
and morally. and Socratic Religion Method
*To discover and dialogue (a method
develop each of teaching that
individual’s abilities uses questioning to
and full moral help students
excellence in order discover and clarify
to better serve knowledge)
society.
2. Realism Aristotle *To put emphasis *To present *Focus on *To study the logic, Observation,
on the practical materials in mastering basic critical thinking and weighing things,
sides of education systematic and facts and skills the scientific measuring
includes character organized way and through method to teach distance, drawing
moral and should promote demonstration and student to perceive Experimentation,
character idea that can used recitation. and understand Critical thinking
development clearly defined knowledge.
criteria in making
judgement about
arts, economics,
politics and
science.
3. Essentialism William Bagley (1874- *Is a theory that *Is to teach the *Focus in the *To teach some set Deductive Method,
1946) states that children essentials of life intellectual subjects similar to Recitation,
should learn the *Is the academic discipline (reading, Reading, Writing, Assignment ,
traditional basic authority figure or Literature, Foreign
writing, arithmetic) Analysis and
 subjects and that provide stimulating Languages, History, Synthesis, “Race
these should be activities for children Math, Science, Art, and Social
learned thoroughly *Is authoritative or and Music. Heritage over the
and rigorously. An disciplinarian
essentialist program
phone
normally teaches
children
progressively, from
less complex skills to
more complex.
4. Existentialism Soren Kierkegaard *Is to train *Is the provider of *Focus is on *Emphasis on Inquiry Approach
(1813-1855), individual for experiences, freedom, Subject-centered, Question-answered
significant and effective questioner development of Literature, history, Method
meaningful and mental authentic Arts for aesthetic Self-expressive
existence. disciplinarian individual’s expression, Ideas
*Is to determine meaningful lives. humanities for Experimentation
own rule *Focus on creating ethical values
opportunities for
self-direction and
self-actualization

5.