DISEASE SYNOYNM CAUSATIVE AGENT MODE OF PATHOGNOMONIC DIAGNOSTIC TREATMENT NSG INTERVENTION

TRANSMISSION SIGN EXAM

CENTRAL NERVOUS
TETANUS Lockjaw Clostridium tetani Wound / break in the  masseter - trismus / Hx of wound &  ATS / ANST / Tetanus
Bacterial Anaerobic – can skin lockjaw clinical manifestation antitoxin to neutralize the
survive w/o 02  sardonic smile (Risus toxin
Char. by painful muscle Sardonicus)  Penicillin- ANST to kill
spasms affecting  Opisthotonus pos. – the microorganism
gastrochemius musc.
‘liyad’  Muscle relax’n
(Diazepam); IV push; to
prevent & control spasm
MENINGITIS Spotted fever Neisseria meningitides Respiratory droplets Nuchal rigidity CSF analysis  Penicillin
Bacterial TB Meningitis Haemophilus influenza  Chloramphenicol
– in young children + Kernig sign (knees) ↑ CHON  Sulfonamide
Infalmm of the meninges Streptococcus + Brudzinski sign (batok) ↑ WBC
(durameter, arachnoid, pneumonia – in adults ↓ sugar
pia meter)
MENINGOCOCCEMIA Neisseria meningitides Respiratory droplets Waterhouse- Friedrichsen CSF analysis  Pen G IV of 12-24 M
syndrome units/day for adult
 Pen G Na 16 M
units/sq.m/ day for
children
ENCEPHALITIS Brain fever Arbovirus Mosquito bites Same as meningitis with CSF analysis Symptomatic &
Viral from anthropod Aedes solicitans mod altered Supportive
Culex tarsalis LOC and lethargy ↑ CHON
Inflamm of encephalon or ticks of horses ↑ WBC
brainl Normal sugar
POLIOMYELITIS Infantile Legio debilitans Droplets – early stage Flaccid muscle paralysis Viral studies of stool  Symptomatic &
Viral paralysis  Type1 Nasopharyngeal secr. Stiff spine & tight Supportive
Heine-Medin’s Brunhilde permanent Fecal-oral – late stage hamstring muscles  Immunization for
disease immunity,common in the Hoyre’s sign – headdrop prevention
Phi Opisthotonus (poker  Iron-Lung machine for
 Type2 spine) – tripod sitting pos. polio paralysis
Lansing temporary
immunity
Preventive Measure
 Type3 Leon
 OPV-Sabin Vacc, 6wks
ftr birth
 IPV-Salk Vacc.-for
immunocompromised
RABIES Hydrophobia Rhabdo virus Contact w/ saliva of a Aerophobia Brain biopsy of the Vaccine – Active form
Viral Lyssa rabid animal, not Hydrophobia animal / direct  POEV – Purified Duck
La Rage Neurotropic virus-w/ necessary from bites. inoculation Embryo Vacc.
Animals affinityto neurons Negri Bodies (Lyssavac)
Dumb stage  PVCV – Purified Ver
Furious stage
oCell Vacc. (Verorab)
Human Passive Form
Invasive  ARS (anti-rabies
Excitement serum)- Equine Rabies
Paralytic Ig (ERIG) hyperRab
 HRIG Human Rabies

BATCH 15 hmc
 DISEASE SYNOYNM CAUSATIVE AGENT MODE OF PATHOGNOMONIC DIAGNOSTIC TREATMENT NSG INTERVENTION
TRANSMISSION SIGN EXAM

Ig- Imogam, Rabuman

CIRCULATORY
DENGUE Dandy fever O’nyong-nyong Mosquito bites of Aedes Herman’s sign CBC – Platelet / Coagulants:
HEMORRHAGIC Breakbone Chikungunya aegypti Generalized flushing / Rumpel leede test Vitamin K
FEVER fever West nile Aedes albopictus redness of the skin Vitamin C to ↑ capillary
Viral Flavi virus- most resistance
common in the RP Blood transfusion
MALARIA Ague Plasmodium vivax Anopheles Fever, chills w/ Malarial smear Quinine
Protozoa Black water P. falciparum - most mosquito,female gooseflesh (at peak of fever, hot Chloroquine(Aralen) –
fever- P. fatal stage) mainstay drug of malaria
Stages Falciparum --- 2 most common;RP Triad signs:
Cold P. malariae 1. Chills
Hot P. ovale 2. Fever
Wet
3. Profused sweating
INTEGUMENTARY
MEASLES Rubeola Paramyxovirus Airborne Koplik’s spots – fine red Clinical Preventive measures thru
Viral 1st dse spots w/ bluish white vaccine
Morbilli spots,center/inner cheek Measles vacc- 9 mos
Stages Little red dse MMR- 15 mos
Pre-eruptive-higlhy 7 / 9 day Stimson sign- eyelid Booster- 4-6yo, 12yo
contagious measle Amantadine
Eruptive
Hard measles
Post eruptive
GERMAN MEASLES Rubella Togavirus Droplet Forcheimer spots – fine Clinical Same as measles
Viral 3 day dse Rubella virus red/petechial spots on Amantadine
Rotein Pseudoparamyxovirus soft palate

Lymphadenopathy-#1 factor
to diff GM from Measles
CHICKEN POX Varicella Varicella zoster virus Airborne Vesiculopustular rashes – Clinical Symptomatic and
Viral macules-papules-vesicles- supportive
pustules Acyclovir – antiviral agent
Generalized distribution
HERPES ZOSTER Shingles Herpes zoster virus Droplet Vesiculopustular rashes Clinical Same as chickenpox
Viral Zona (dormant) that are painful but not KmnO4 compress
Acute posterior itchy, Unilateral distrib. (potassium
ganglionitis permanganate)
A- astringent ,dries rahes
B- bacteriocidal,decrease
chance of skin infection
O- oxidizing
effect,deodorizes rashes
LEPROSY Hansenosis Laprae / Hansen’s Prolonged exposure thru Loss of sensation Lepromin test Multiple Drug Therapy
Bacterial Lepra bacillus skin-to-skin contact Peripheral nerve (MDT)
Leontiasis Droplet enlargement Rifampicin, Dapsone,
infection(nasopharyngea + skin smear test for Lamprene (note:
l secretion) Mycobacterium leprae hyperpigmentation of skin)
RESPIRATORY
DIPTHERIA Conjunctival Corynebacterium Droplet Pseudomembrane – on Schick’s test Anti-diptheria serum to
Bacterial diphtheria Diptheria / Klebs- nasal septum (Nasal Maloney test neutralize the toxin

BATCH 15 hmc
 DISEASE SYNOYNM CAUSATIVE AGENT MODE OF PATHOGNOMONIC DIAGNOSTIC TREATMENT NSG INTERVENTION
TRANSMISSION SIGN EXAM

Vaginal dipther Loeffler bacillus Type) Nose and throat (Equine Anti Diptheria
Diphtheria of Bull-neck appearance swab culture Serum)
the prepuce (Pharyngeal/ Faucial type) Penicillin to kill the mco
Wound Barking cough (Laryngeal
diphtheria type)
PERTUSSIS Whooping Coccobacillus Droplet Whoop *Bordette-gengou Erythromycin (Antibiotic)
Bacterial cough  Bordetella Croup *Agar plate Penicillin (allergy)
Chin cough pertussis *Cough plate
Stages  Haemophilu
Catarrhal s pertussis *confirmatory tests
Spasmodic/Paroxysmal ae/anaerobic-can survive
Convalescent w/w/o 02
PTB Koch’s dse Mycobacterium Airborne Afternoon low grade fever Direct sputum exam-  Rifampicin - orange
Bacterial Phthisis dse tuberculosis – acid fast with productive cough for confirmatory urine, hepatotoxic
Galloping bacilli 2 wks or more AFB stain  Isoniazid-mainstay
consumption *hemoptysis Chest X ray drug;neuritis,
Source: human
hepatotoxic
 Pyrazinamide-
hyperuricemia
 Ethambutol-neuritis;
blindness,kidney
stone
 Streptomycin-
nephrototoxicity,
ototoxity,tinnitus
PNEUMONIA Streptococcus Droplet Fever,cough,dyspnea & Chest X ray Penicillin
Bacterial rusty sputum(CAP) Sputum exam Cotrimoxazole

-inflamm of lung
parenchyma
GASTROINTESTINAL `
TYPHOID FEVER Enteric fever Salmonella typhosa Feco-oral Rose spots (abdomen), Widal test- AgO Chloramphenicol- ↑CHON diet, no gas
Bacterial face of children (Soamtic), pt is antibiotic forming, no dark colored
5F’s – feces, Ladder-like fever infected Oral rehydration therapy foods
Stages fingers,food,flies,fomites Splenomegaly Typhidot-
Prodromal AgH(Flagellar)-
Fastigial/pyrexial
previously exposed
Defervescence
Convalescence/lysis or w/ immunization
LEPTOSPIROSIS Weed fever Leptospira canicola Skin penetration Orange eyes Weil-felix Penicillin & tetracycline
Bacterial Canicola fever L. hemorrhagic Blood exam-L
Mud fever L. enterogans agglutin test
Swamp fever LAAT-leptospira
Weil’s dse Ag-Ab test
Pre-tibial
Swineherd
Ictero-
Hemorrhagica
BACILLARY Shigellosis Shigella flexneri Feco-oral Mucoid blood streaked Stool exam
DYSENTERY Body flux S. boydi stool
BATCH 15 hmc
 DISEASE SYNOYNM CAUSATIVE AGENT MODE OF PATHOGNOMONIC DIAGNOSTIC TREATMENT NSG INTERVENTION
TRANSMISSION SIGN EXAM

Bacterial Shigella S. sonnei

dysentery
Shiga
CHOLERA Vibrio comma Vibrio sp. (comma- Feco-oral Washerwoman’s hands Stool exam Tetracycline
Bacterial El tor shaped) (due to dhn) Chloramphenicol
Violent - V. ogawa Soft-diet and non gas
Violent dysentery dysentery - V. inaba Rice watery stool forming diet
- V. el tor
AMOEBIASIS Amoebic Entamoeba histolytica Feco-oral Mucopurulent blood Stool exam Metronidazole
Protozoal dysentery streaked stools w/ foul Rectal swab (or if w/o, Chloroquine; a
Anaerobic Inactive-cysts smell and greenish color malaria med)
Protozoa dysentery dysentery active

SCHISTOSOMIASIS Snail fever Schistosoma Skin penetration COPT (Circum Oval Praziquantrel
Metazoal Bilharziasis - S. mansoni Precipitin Test) –
Blood fluke- - S haematobium blood – confirm’y test
(parasitic - S. Japonicum –
flatworm) common in RP
GENITO-URINARY
GONORRHEA Clap Neisseria gonorrhea Sexually transmitted Purulent discharges of - Culture sensitivity Penicillin / Pen G Na
Bacterial Strain genitals (M:yellowish of discharge Benzathine
Slut F:greenish) (mucosal scraping)
Jack - Pap smear
Gonococcus M: obvious manifest.;
urethritis
Morning drop
F: no obvious manifest.;
Gleet cervicitis
Tulo
SYPHILLIS Bad blood dse Treponema pallidum Sexual contact Chancre(Primary stage)- - Dark field Spectinomycin
Bacterial Pox (spirochete that passes to painless popular lesion microscopy Penicillin
SY the palcenta barrier 16th Placental transfer/vertical Condylomata lata(Secon’y - Flourescent
Lues wk pregnancy, 2nd & 3rd transmission stage)-dry,wart-like lesions Treponema
trime) Gumma(Tertiary stage)- Antibody Absorption
infiltrating lesion Test- confirm’y test
HIV / AIDS HTLV – Human HIV Blood transfusion Opportunistic infections ELISA ( Enzyme Link - Nucleoside analogs
T- Lymphocyte HTLV Sexual contact Immunosorbent Assay) - Non-mononucleoside
Virus Contaminated sharp – screening HIV test reverse transcriptase
objects CD4 count-identifies inhibitors
Vertical transmission stages of inf - Protease inhibition
--- (+) maternal Ab up to 18 Western Blot –
mos only confirm’y test.
--- ftr 18mos baby is
infected
HEPATITIS A - Infectious Hepa A virus Feco-oral route Generalized jaundice Liver profile
Viral Hepa RNA containing virus Serum hepa
- Catarrhal
jaundice hepa
- Epidemic
hepa
- Acute

BATCH 15 hmc
 DISEASE SYNOYNM CAUSATIVE AGENT MODE OF PATHOGNOMONIC DIAGNOSTIC TREATMENT NSG INTERVENTION
TRANSMISSION SIGN EXAM

fulminating
heap
HEPATITIS B - Serum Hepa B virus Horizontal Generalized jaundice - Liver enzyme test - Hepatic protectors or
Viral hepatitis DNA containing virus --- parenteral --ALT – 1st indicator Liver Aides
- Homologous --- percutaneous --AST- jaundice - Lamivudine
Deadliest, most fatal hepa --- direct contact --ALP- obstr. jaundice - Interferon
--GGT- toxic hepa
- Chronic active
--LDH- liver organ
hepa Vertical damage
--- during intrauterine life - Serum Ag-Ab Test
--- at the time of birth
FILARIASIS Elephantiasis Wucheria bancrofti Mosquito bites Lymphatic obstruction w/ Bentonite di-ethyl carbamazine
Bacterial enlargement flocculation test

BATCH 15 hmc