Inverse Trigonometric Function Domain Range

y  cos "1 x "1 t x t 1 0tyt=

y  sin "1 x "1 t x t 1 " =2 t y t =
2
y  tan "1 x all reals " =2  y  =
2
=
y  sec "1 x x t "1; x u 1 0 t y t =; y p 2
y  csc "1 x x t "1; x u 1 " =2 t y t =
2
;y p 0
y  cot "1 x all reals 0y=

d
dx
cos "1 x  " 1 d
dx
cos "1 u  " 1 du
dx
1"x 2 1"u 2
d
dx
sin "1 x  1 d
dx
sin "1 u  1 du
dx
1"x 2 1"u 2
d
dx
tan "1 x  1
1x 2
d
dx
tan "1 u  1 du
1u 2 dx
d
dx
sec "1 x  1 d
dx
sec "1 u  1 du
x x 2 "1 u u "1 dx
2

d
dx
csc "1 x  " 1 d
dx
csc "1 u  " 1 du
dx
x x 2 "1 u u 2 "1
d
dx
cot "1 x  " 1x
1
2
d
dx
cot "1 u  " 1u
1
2
du
dx

cos "1 x  k  ; " 1

dx d
dx
cos "1 u  ; " 1 du
dx
1"x 2 1"u 2

sin "1 x  k  ; 1
dx d
dx
sin "1 u  ; 1 du
dx
1"x 2 1"u 2

tan "1 x  k  ; 1
1x 2
dx d
dx
tan "1 u  ; 1
2
du
1u dx

sec "1 x  k  ; 1
dx d
dx
sec "1 u  ; 1 du
dx
x x 2 "1 u u 2 "1

csc "1 x  k  ; " 1

dx d
dx
csc "1 u  " 1 du
dx
x x 2 "1 u u 2 "1

cot "1 x  k  ; " 1x

1
2 dx
d
dx
cot "1 u  " 1u
1
2
du
dx
Graphs of the Inverse Trigonometric Functions
 Facts about Inverse Functions
For f a one-to-one function and f–1 its inverse:

1. If (a, b) is an element of f, then (b, a) is an element of f–1, and conversely.

2. Range of f = Domain of f–1

Domain of f = Range of f–1
3. DOMAIN f RANGE f 4. If x = f–1(y), then y = f(x) for y in the
f domain of f–1 and x in the domain
x f ( x)
of f, and conversely.
y
f –1( y ) y

f –1
y = f (x)
RANGE f –1 DOMAIN f –1

x
5. f[f–1(y)] = y for y in the domain of f–1 x = f –1( y)
f–1[f(x)] = x for x in the domain of f

6-9-74
 Inverse Sine Function
y

– S
1
2
x
S
–1 2

Sine function y
y = sin –1 x
y
= arcsin x §1 , S ·
y = sin x S © 2¹
§S , 1 ·
2
S 1 ©2 ¹
– (0,0)
2 (0,0) x
x –1 1
S
§ – S , –1 ·
§ –1 , – S ·
–1 2 S
© 2 ¹ –
© 2¹ 2

S S
ª
DOMAIN = «– 2 , 2 »
º
DOMAIN = [–1, 1]
¬ ¼
R ANGE = «– 2 , 2 »
ª S Sº
RANGE = [–1, 1] ¬ ¼
Restricted sine function Inverse sine function
6-9-75
 Inverse Cosine Function
y

x
S
–1

Cosine function y
y = cos –1 x
y
= arccos x
y = cos x
(0,1)
(–1, S ) S
1 § S ,0 ·
©2 ¹ §0 , S ·
S © 2¹
x
0 S 2
S
–1 2 (1,0)
( S , –1) x
–1 0 1
DOMAIN = [0, S ] DOMAIN = [–1, 1]
RANGE = [–1, 1] RANGE = [0, S ]
Restricted cosine function Inverse cosine function

6-9-76
 Inverse Tangent Function
y
y = tan x

S 3S
Tangent function
1
2 2
x
3S S
– –
2 2 –1
y
y
y = tan –1x
S §1 , S ·
y = tan x = arctan x
2 © 4¹
S 1 §S , 1 ·
– ©4 ¹ –1
2
x x
S 1
§ – S , –1 · –1
© 4 ¹ 2
§ –1 , – S · – S
© 4¹ 2

§ S S· DOMAIN = (–f , f )
DOMAIN = ¨– 2 , 2 ¸
© ¹ § S S·
RANGE = ¨– 2 , 2 ¸
RANGE = (–f ,f) © ¹
Restricted tangent function Inverse tangent function
6-9-77