Reference

Name Indications Test explanation Important Why it's done

Range

Check: how well the Liver & Kidney

Used to Diagnose,evaluate & Al. is a protein that is Measure of HEPATIC
are working. If diet contains enough
Albumin (AL) monitor Pts w. Ca (lymphoma, formed within the Liver. f. 1/2 life of Al.=12-18
proteins. Help determine the cause of
Component of Adult: 3,2 - 5 myeloma) immune disorders, Transports important days. Measures
swelling of the ankles (pedal edema)
the Total Serum g/dL liver disfunction, impared blood constuents such nutrition (after surgery
or ascitis (abdomen edema) or fluid
Protein nutrition & chronic edematous as drugs, hormones & ↓_ of serum protein).
collection in the lungs →SOB
states. enzymes. Chronic Liver dis-s.
(pulmonary edema)

Is a by-product of the
breakdown of protein. Am. Crosses the
Used to support the Dx of High levels of Am. In blood/brain barrier &
Ammonia
20-70 mcg/dL severe Liver Dis.; Hepatic the liver m.b. caused by could result in
(AMM)
encephalopathy. dis. Of the liver enchelopathy or
(Cherrosis or severe neurol.dysfunction.
Hepatitis).

To decect & monitor the

Amylase (AMY) <100 u/L clinical course of Pancreatitis.
Pts w. acute Abdominal Pain

Indirect & rough measurement

Blood Urea
of Renal Funct. & glomerular
Nitrogen (BUN) 2-9 mmol/L
filtration rate (if N Liver F
Serum
exists)

Part of "electrolytes". C.b. an

Chloride, Blood
98-108 mmol/L indicator of acid-base balance
(CH)
&hydration status.
 To support a Dx of
Miocardial muscle injury
Creatine Kinase
165 U/L (Infarction). + indicates
(CK)
neurologic or sceletal muscle
dis.
Creatinine,
45-90 umol/L To Dx impared Renal f
Blood (CR)

D-meter (Fibrine For dissiminate intravascular

Degradation coagulation (DIC). To rule
500 ug/mL
Product FDP) - ouy Pulmonary Embolus (PE)
DDIMER or DVT's.

Glocose, Blood
3,6-8-3
(Blood Sugar, In the evaluation of Diabetic
mmol/L ↑ in
Fasting Blood pts, septic pts or any pts w an
normal range
Sugar, FBS) altered level of consciousness.
after 50 y.
GLU
To investigate any type of
serious illness.K-important to
Potassium, Blood
3,5-5,0 mmol/L cardiac F. =˃-routine
(K)
evaluation in pts who take
diuretics or heart meds.
Routine for all pts. Used to
Sodium, Blood 135-145
evaluate fluid & electrolyte
(NA) mmol/L
balance & therapy.
For pts w chest pain to
determine if the pain is caused
Troponins by cardiac ischemia. Specific
(Cardiac 0.06 ug/L indicator of cardiac muscle
Specific) TROP injury.+helphul in predicting
the possibility of future
cardiac events.

HEMATOLOGY
Test. Complete RBC count
Blood Cell Count 4.3-5,9 x 12
& Differential, 12/L
CBC, Diff
Tests of the peripheral blood
that provides Inf. about the
hematological system
etc.Helps evaluate symptoms
(weakness, fatigue, bruising)
& Dx conditions (anemia,
infection etc.)

Hemaglobin:
Hgb test measures the V of
♂ 135-180 g/L;
Hgb in blood & is an indicator
♀ 115-160 g/L
of the body's ability to carry
(carries O2 &
O2 through the body.
gives red color)

Hematocrit or
Represents the % of RBC as
Packed Cell
compared to total blood V. To
Volume
diagnose & monitor Anemia,
(PCV); ♂ 0,41-
dehydration & check the
0,52; ♀ 0,35-
severity of ongoing bleeding.
0,47

Protect body against infection

(attack & distroy the bacteria,
VBC Count
virus). Bigger than RBC &
0,4-11.0 x 10
fewer in #. + Monitor the
9/L
body's response to Cancer
treatment

International
(PT) tests how much it takes
Normalixed
blood to clot; to screen for
HEMAT.Test. Ratio (INR)
bleeding abnormalities.
Coagulation 0,8-1,2 or
+monitor treatment w meds
Test. Protrombin
that prevent the formation of
Time (PT) ˂ 15
blood clots.
sec.
 HEMAT.Test.
Activated Partial
24-35 sec.
Thromboplastin
time (aPTT).

Appearance- Routine Diagnostic &

clear; Color- screening evaluations. All pts
amber/yellow; admitted to the Hospital,
URINE Test. Odor-aromatic; pregnant & pre-sergical pts.
Urinalisis (UA) Leukocite "-"; Pts w abdominal or back pain,
Nitrites - dysuria, hematuria or urin.
none;Ketones - Frequency. Chronic renal dis.
none; & some metabolic dis.

Total Serum
Protein
 Interfering
Test Results
Factors
↑levels: Dehidration: as intravascular V
Aspirine, diminishes, Al. concentration must ↑. ↓
bicarbonates,chlorpr levels: 1. Malnutrition; 2.Pregnancy; 3.
omazine, Liver Disease; 4-5.Protein-losing
↓ >f≠≤
corticosteroids, enteropathies (Crohn dis.) & prot.-losing
≥¯°ßƬǂ
salicilates & nephropaties; 6. Third-space losses
˂ ˃ ˍ̲ Σ ω ‼
sulfonamides. (ascites, 3rd degree burns);7. Inflammatory
disease ↑∫ =²♀
♂

Cigarettes; ↑-
acetomolamide,
↑levels:1. Reyes Syndr.,2.Severe Heart
alcohol,barbiturates,
Failure ω congestive hepatomegaly;3.GI
narcotics,diuretics;
bleeding ω mild Liver Dis.; 4.GI
↓broad spectr.
obstruction ω mild Liver dis.;↓
antibiotics, lactulose,
levels:essential or malignant hypertension;
lovodopa, potassium
salt
 * Adrenergic Antagonists
* Centrally Acting Agents
* Direct Acting Relaxants
* Neuromuscular Junction
Blockers
* Other Muscle Relaxants
* Local Anesthetics
* General Anesthetics
* Sedative Hypnotics
* Antianxiety Agents
* Affective Disorders
* Antipsychotics
* Seizures
* Opioids
* Non-opioid Analgesics
* Anti-inflammatory Drugs
* Respiratory Pharmacology
* GI Pharmacology
* Cardiovascular Pharmacology
* Coagulation Disorders
* Hyperlipidemia
* Diabetes Mellitus

A comprehensive Nutrition Review

(NCLEX-PN only) including:

* Key Nutrients
* Water Key Points
* Protein Key Points
* Mineral Key Points
* Major Minerals
* Water Soluble Vitamins
* Fat Soluble Vitamins
* Carbohydrates Key Points
* Fat Key Points
* Age Range Nutritional
Considerations